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Australasian Conference on computer human interaction

作者： C. Copas E. Edmonds Human-Systems Integration Group Information Technology Division Defence Science and Technology Organisation Salisbury SA Australia Computer Human Interaction Research Centre (LUTCHI) Loughborough University of Technology Leicestershire UK

The paper analyses some approaches to enhancing user interaction with high functionality systems such as geographical information systems. Graphical approaches derived from the direct manipulation tradition are compared and contrasted with intelligent systems approaches. An implementation of one particular approach, based upon AI planning, is presented, and alternative user interfaces to that system are analysed. The benefits of a quite novel form of goal based or declarative interaction are described.

关键词： Information systems Artificial intelligence Geographic Information Systems Intelligent systems User interfaces Management information systems Usability Information technology Australia humans

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Metadata for units of measure in social science databases

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International Journal on Digital Libraries 1997年第2期1卷 161-175页

作者： Greene, Stephan Digital Libraries Research Group and Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland MD 20742-3255 A.V. Williams Building College Park United States

Statistical social science databases present many unique data management problems. Among them is the fact that computer-aided use of statistical social science data is subject to serious but preventable errors in data manipulation and analysis, particularly given the increasing number of non-expert users. Two incremental prototype solutions to the problem of correctly manipulating units of measure when manipulating data are described. These implementations use rudimentary metadata representing measurement-theoretical and category attribute information to support error checking of data derivations common in research and reference using social science data. The specification of the metadata structures and the implementation of its processing is informed by relevant principles from literature in statistical and scientific data models, dimensional analysis, and knowledge representation with formal ontology. Design parameters useful in the effort to establish appropriate variable-level metadata specifications for social science databases used in digital environments are discussed. The integrated use of the proposed metadata appears to be a promising method of better supporting the manipulation and analysis of social science data. While measurement theoretical metadata has further application to the cataloging and retrieval of collections of statistical databases, the importance is argued of metadata for social science databases to serve users beyond these purposes. © Springer-Verlag 1997.

关键词： Category attributes Data derivation Metadata Social science databases Units of measure

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Bringing treasures to the surface: iterative design for the Library of Congress National Digital Library Program 97

Bringing treasures to the surface: iterative design for the ...

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Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on human factors in computing systems

作者： Catherine Plaisant Gary Marchionini Tom Bruns Anita Komlodi Laura Campbell Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory and Digital Library Research Group University of Maryland College Park MD Library of Congress National Digital Library Program Washington DC

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Making a case for electronic lectures

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Innovations in Education and Teaching International 1997年第1期34卷 11-16页

作者： Barker, Philip Tan, Check Meng University of Teesside United Kingdom Interactive Systems Research Group United Kingdom Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory School of Computing and Mathematics University of Teesside Middlesbrough TS1 3BA Borough Road United Kingdom

The use of electronic resources for the support of teaching and learning activities is growing very rapidly. A major advantage of having pedagogic materials in this form is that they can easily be 'recycled' to fulfil a number of different functions. This paper discusses how electronic lectures can be used to improve conventional lecture-based presentations and how they can then form the basis for the development of self-study material for the support of open and distance learning.

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： human engineering

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Combining partitions and modal logic for user modeling

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International Conference on Formal and Applied Practical Reasoning, FAPR 1996

作者： Pohl, Wolfgang University of Essen Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science Germany German National Research Center for Information Technology Human-Computer Interaction Research Group Schloß Birlinghoven St. AugustinD-53754 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540613137

User modeling means acquiring, representing and managing assumptions about users of software systems. Inference processes as part of the representation component can be used to extend the base of assumptions, thus supporting the acquisition task. In the user modeling shell system BGP-MS, a partition approach to user model representation and reasoning has beentaken. It offers the possibility to maintain different types of assumptions about the user in a partition hierarchy;reasoning about the assumptions of one type is possible. In addition, useful inferences are Mready built into the partition mechanism of BGPMS. However, negative assumptions about what users do not know or want, or relationships between assumption types cannot be maintained in BGP-MS. Since such user modeling knowledge can be formulated with modal logic, a method was developed that combines techniques of reasoning with modal logic and the partition mechanism. Algorithms for translating modal expressions into first-order logic are employed. Thus, new representation and reasoning facilities were implemented into BGPMS. One of the main quMities of the combination method is that the advantages of the partition approach are preserved. © Springer-Vedag Berlin Heidelberg 1996.

关键词： computer circuits

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Training needs analysis - A human factors analysis tool

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QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL 1995年第6期11卷 435-438页

作者： Griffiths, CW Lees, A Industrial Power Group Rolls-Royce and Associates Limited PO Box 31 Derby DE24 8BJ U.K. Ceri W. Griffiths:is a human factors engineer with Rolls-Royce and Associates Ltd. Derby. A graduate of Loughborough University of Technology obtaining his B.Sc. (Information Technology and Human Factors) and M.Sc. (Information Technology) in 1991 and 1993 respectively he is also a member of the Ergonomics Society. His main research interests lie in the field of training design and human–computer interaction in support of the Royal Navy's nuclear submarine fleet. Alan R. Lees:is a human factors engineer with Rolls-Royce and Associates Ltd. Derby. A graduate of Loughborough University of Technology he has a B.Sc. in Ergonomics and an M.Sc. in human factors and IT Systems gained in 1993 and 1995 respectively. His research interests lie in the field of training needs analysis and technology introduction techniques.

human factors (HF) engineers have contributed to the reduction of human error, by improving user performance through the design of the user interface. However, there still remains a requirement for user training. This is especially true for complex, high risk processes employing new technology. Reduced manning and downskilling are putting increased pressures on users who, in many activities, still remain the last level of safety protection. In responding to this need, HF engineers now employ a range of tools and methods during the design process, which assist in identifying the training media and training design. Training needs analysis (TNA) offers a structured methodology to facilitate the information gathering process and identify any shortfall between current user performance and that demanded by new technology and designs. By the use of these methods and tools the potential for human error can be reduced, for the following reasons: (a) improved user performance (b) better designed and more efficient training systems. Existing TNA methods have been better suited to the study of existing equipment. This paper describes the training requirements process, and proposes a usable methodology for contractors conducting a TNA in the design of new systems/equipment. It is of particular use where information on the operation or maintenance may be limited.

关键词： human factors training design training needs analysis human error user

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The Use of Metaphors in Iconic Interface Design

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Digital Creativity 1994年第2期5卷 73-80页

作者： Stephen Richards[a] Philip Barker[a] Ashok Banerji[a] Charles Lamont[a] Karim Manji[a] [a]Interactive Systems Research Group Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory School of Computing and Mathematics University of Teesside Cleveland United Kingdom

Much of the success of iconic interfaces has occurred within application domains in which a consistent metaphor can be maintained. However, this approach can prove problematic when icons are designed for cross-cultural applications-where a generic metaphor can often prove elusive. Even when a suitable metaphor can be found the problem remains of developing icons (within a given metaphorical framework) for all the functionality that may be required. Within certain application domains this difficulty has been overcome by means of the parallel use of more than one metaphor. This is certainly true of iconic interfaces to information delivery applications (where ‘book’ and ‘travel’ metaphors are relatively common). The universality of the book metaphor within modern culture and its relevance to many of the cognitive tasks involved in information delivery applications have provided the primary motivation for our adoption of this metaphor in much of our work. However, we have also used multiple metaphor techniques for certain types of application. In this paper we describe the inter-relationship that exists between icons and metaphors and discuss the problems of designing iconic interfaces that embed useful metaphors. Various case studies are used to illustrate the issues raised and some outline conclusions derived from our work in this area are then presented.

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STATISTICAL PROCESS-CONTROL FOR SOFTWARE IN THE MAINTENANCE PHASE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第3期105卷 192-200页

作者： LUKE, SR JACOBS, DA REED, BM Stephen R. Luke:is a registered professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia. He received his B.S. in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1983 and is presently pursuing a master's degree in engineering management at Old Dominion University. Mr. Luke is experienced as a test engineer at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard (1978–1989) and as a reliability/quality engineer at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Detachment Norfolk (1989-Present). Currently he is the group leader of the RMA/QA group for the AN/SQQ-89(V) Antisubmarine Warfare System at Naval Undersea Warfare Center Detachment Norfolk. Mr. Luke is a member of ASNE IEEE (Reliability Society) and ASQC and is an ASQC certified quality engineer and reliability engineer. Derya Alasya Jacobs:is an assistant professor in the Engineering Management Department at Old Dominion University (ODU). She has a B.S. in computer science and an M.S. and Ph.D in engineering management from the University of Missouri-Rolla. Prior to joining ODU Dr. Jacobs worked as a research engineer at the Center for Technology Transfer and Economic Development at the University of Missouri-Rolla. During the same period she served as a consultant in software development for Missouri Enterprise Rolla Missouri. Dr. Jacobs' research interests are in the areas of applied artificial intelligence decision support systems operations research and computer integrated manufacturing. Billie M. Reed:is an assistant professor in the Engineering Management Department at Old Dominion University. He received a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Auburn University in 1971. After completing undergraduate studies Dr. Reed was commissioned as an officer in the U.S. Navy where he served in the nuclear submarine force until 1982. Following his military career Dr. Reed worked for nine years as a systems engineer and human-machine interface designer of complex interactive computer based systems for use in aircraft space and ship systems. He received his M.S. and Ph

As technology advances and our dependency on software increases, the requirement to develop the correct means to improve quality in both the deveiopment phase and the maintenance phase of software life cycle support becomes increasingly significant. The focus of this paper is on the dilemma facing software engineering in maintaining quality within the constraints of the maintenance phase. The paper further proposes that the software maintenance process can also be analvzed and improved using statistical process control (SPC) techniques. The methods discussed in this paper have been proposed for use in the Software Maintenance project at NUWC Detachment Norfolk. Upon successful testing at NUWC Detachment Norfolk, they will be forwarded to the AN/SQQ-89(V) (interagencv) Software Quality Evaluation Committee for use by other agencies which are developing and maintaining AN/SQQ-89(V) software.

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Speech synthesis in augmentative communication

Speech synthesis in augmentative communication

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IEE Colloquium on Systems and Applications of Man-Machine interaction Using Speech I/O

作者： A.D.N. Edwards Human-Computer Interaction Research Group Department of Computer Science University of York York UK

'Augmentative communication' is a term used generally to refer to the use of speech synthesizers for spoken communication by people who cannot speak with their own voices. There are a number of conditions which can cause such loss of speech. Most of them are the result of physical damage to the voice-production mechanisms. Note that a distinction usually has to be drawn between impared speech and impaired language skills. Someone with a mental disability which affects their language ability will probably never be able to communicate, via speech (natural or synthetic) nor through other modes, such as sign language. So users of augmentative communication generally have physical disabilities rather than metal ones. However, physical disability is rarely specific. It is very common for an impairment which affects the speech apparatus to also affect other parts of the body-a fact which will be expanded on below. The author presents a very brief introduction to this use of synthetic speech. More details can be found in Edwards (1991), along with information regarding its use by blind computer users.< >

关键词： Handicapped aids Speech synthesis

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