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33rd Companion of the ACM World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2023

作者： Lv, Hang Chen, Zehai Yang, Yacong Ma, Guofang Tan, Yanchao Yang, Carl College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University China School of Computer Science Zhejiang Gongshang University China Department of Computer Science Emory University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701726

Diagnosis prediction is becoming crucial to develop healthcare plans for patients based on Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Existing works usually enhance diagnosis prediction via learning accurate disease representation, where many of them try to capture inclusive relations based on the hierarchical structures of existing disease ontologies such as those provided by ICD-9 codes. However, they overlook exclusive relations that can reflect different and complementary perspectives of the ICD-9 structures, and thus fail to accurately represent relations among diseases and ICD-9 codes. To this end, we propose to project disease embeddings and ICD-9 code embeddings into boxes, where a box is an axis-aligned hyperrectangle with a geometric region and two boxes can clearly "include" or "exclude" each other. Upon box embeddings, we further obtain patient embeddings via aggregating the disease representations for diagnosis prediction. Extensive experiments on two real-world EHR datasets show significant performance gains brought by our proposed framework, yielding average improvements of 6.04% for diagnosis prediction over state-of-the-art competitors. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Identification of domain-specific euphemistic tweets using clustering

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2024年第1期16卷 21-31页

作者： Devi, Maibam Debina Saharia, Navanath Data Engineering Lab Department of Computer Science & Engineering IIIT Senapati Manipur Imphal 795002 India

Social media platforms (SMPs) are frequently utilised as a readily accessible and comprehensive medium for expressing personal opinions nowdays. The use of euphemism, a linguistic strategy in which the underlying feeling of expressive content is veiled by the use of mild language, has been a longtime practise in the realm of SMPs for the purpose of reducing harshness or to discuss sensitive topics [1]. The identification of masked contents [2] in euphemism is challenging due to their inherent nature. This study presents a proposed identification mechanism aimed at detecting domain-specific euphemisms through the utilisation of clustering techniques. The pattern categorization feature is created utilising domain-specific lexical features combined with frequency-based features. In order to identify the most suitable match, the hybrid feature extraction algorithms incorporate uni-gram and bi-gram features dependent on frequency based feature, in conjunction with a lexicon. The objective of the dimension reduction phase is to address the issue of sparsity and to identify the most significant words for each sample in order to classify them into different domains using centroid and density-based clustering techniques. The DBSCAN algorithm is employed with an epsilon value of 2.5 and a minimum number of points set to 6, resulting in the identification of 7 distinct clusters. To calculate the optimal value for k in the K-means algorithm, the Silhouette score is utilised. The clusters that were obtained are examined by manual means. We compare our model to FLUTE dataset with epsilon value of 0.2, minpoints of 5 for DBSCAN, and obtain validation score of 0.55. The DBSCAN clustering algorithm generates distinct clusters that extend beyond the scope of the inquiry domain. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management.

关键词： DBSCAN Domain-specific euphemistic text Euphemism K-means Silhouette score

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Market resilience in turbulent times: a proactive approach to predicting stock market responses during geopolitical tensions

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Journal of Capital Markets Studies 2024年第2期8卷 173-194页

作者： Maddodi, Srivatsa Kunte, Srinivasa Rao Department of Computer Science Srinivas University Mangaluru India Department of Data Engineering United Airlines Inc Bengaluru India

Purpose: The Indian stock market can be tricky when there's trouble in the world, like wars or big conflicts. It's like trying to read a secret message. We want to figure out what makes investors nervous or happy, because their feelings often affect how they buy and sell stocks. We're building a tool to make prediction that uses both numbers and people's opinions. Design/methodology/approach: Hybrid approach leverages Twitter sentiment, market data, volatility index (VIX) and momentum indicators like moving average convergence divergence (MACD) and relative strength index (RSI) to deliver accurate market insights for informed investment decisions during uncertainty. Findings: Our study reveals that geopolitical tensions' impact on stock markets is fleeting and confined to the short term. Capitalizing on this insight, we built a ground-breaking predictive model with an impressive 98.47% accuracy in forecasting stock market values during such events. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this model's originality lies in its focus on short-term impact, novel data fusion and high accuracy. Focus on short-term impact: Our model uniquely identifies and quantifies the fleeting effects of geopolitical tensions on market behavior, a previously under-researched area. Novel data fusion: Combining sentiment analysis with established market indicators like VIX and momentum offers a comprehensive and dynamic approach to predicting market movements during volatile periods. Advanced predictive accuracy: Achieving the prediction accuracy (98.47%) sets this model apart from existing solutions, making it a valuable tool for informed decision-making. © 2024, Srivatsa Maddodi and Srinivasa Rao Kunte.

关键词： Geopolitical tension LSTM Momentum indicator Sentiment analysis Stock market prediction

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Revisiting 30 years of the Network Time Protocol 24

Revisiting 30 years of the Network Time Protocol

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33rd Companion of the ACM World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2023

作者： Woo, Simon S. Computer Science and Engineering Department Applied Data Science Department Department of Artificial Intelligence Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701726

Since the inception of the Internet and WWW, providing the time among multiple nodes on the Internet has been one of the most critical challenges. David Mills is the pioneer to provide time on the Internet, inventing the Network Time Protocol (NTP), and synchronizing the clocks in computer systems. Now, the NTP is predominantly used on the Internet and WWW. In this paper, we revisit the NTP, and present the overview of the NTP. In particular, we highlight the advanced research effort, the SpaceNTP, to synchronize the clocks among assets and entities in space. The SpaceNTP designed for space environments will be the fundamental medium and enabling block to provide the future web services in space. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Web services

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Addressing Healthcare-related Racial and LGBTQ+ Biases in Pretrained Language Models

Addressing Healthcare-related Racial and LGBTQ+ Biases in Pr...

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2024 Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2024

作者： Xie, Sean Hassanpour, Saeed Vosoughi, Soroush Department of Computer Science Dartmouth College United States Department of Biomedical Data Science Dartmouth College United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761193

Recent studies have highlighted the issue of Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) inadvertently propagating social stigmas and stereotypes, a critical concern given their widespread use. This is particularly problematic in sensitive areas like healthcare, where such biases could lead to detrimental outcomes. Our research addresses this by adapting two intrinsic bias benchmarks to quantify racial and LGBTQ+ biases in prevalent PLMs. We also empirically evaluate the effectiveness of various debiasing methods in mitigating these biases. Furthermore, we assess the impact of debiasing on both Natural Language Understanding and specific biomedical applications. Our findings reveal that while PLMs commonly exhibit healthcare-related racial and LGBTQ+ biases, the applied debiasing techniques successfully reduce these biases without compromising the models' performance in downstream tasks. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Graph Classification with GNNs: Optimisation, Representation & Inductive Bias 27

Graph Classification with GNNs: Optimisation, Representation...

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27th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2024

作者： Kumar, P. Krishna Ramaswamy, Harish G. Department of Computer Science & Engineering IIT Madras India Department of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence IIT Madras India

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685489

Theoretical studies on the representation power of GNNs have been centered around understanding the equivalence of GNNs, using WL-Tests for detecting graph isomorphism. In this paper, we argue that such equivalence ignores the accompanying optimization issues and does not provide a holistic view of the GNN learning process. We illustrate these gaps between representation and optimization with examples and experiments. We also explore the existence of an implicit inductive bias (e.g. fully connected networks prefer to learn low frequency functions in their input space) in GNNs, in the context of graph classification tasks. We further prove theoretically that the message-passing layers in the graph, have a tendency to search for either discriminative subgraphs, or a collection of discriminative nodes dispersed across the graph, depending on the different global pooling layers used. We empirically verify this bias through experiments over real-world and synthetic datasets. Finally, we show how our work can help in incorporating domain knowledge via attention based architectures, and can evince their capability to discriminate coherent subgraphs. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Prediction of three-dimensional ocean temperature in the South China Sea based on time series gridded data and a dynamic spatiotemporal graph neural network

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第7期43卷 26-39页

作者： Feng Nan Zhuolin Li Jie Yu Suixiang Shi Xinrong Wu Lingyu Xu Department of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Key Laboratory of Digital Ocean National Marine Data and Information ServiceTianjin 300171China

Ocean temperature is an important physical variable in marine ecosystems,and ocean temperature prediction is an important research objective in ocean-related ***,one of the commonly used methods for ocean temperature prediction is based on data-driven,but research on this method is mostly limited to the sea surface,with few studies on the prediction of internal ocean *** graph neural network-based methods usually use predefined graphs or learned static graphs,which cannot capture the dynamic associations among *** this study,we propose a novel dynamic spatiotemporal graph neural network(DSTGN)to predict threedimensional ocean temperature(3D-OT),which combines static graph learning and dynamic graph learning to automatically mine two unknown dependencies between sequences based on the original 3D-OT data without prior *** and spatial dependencies in the time series were then captured using temporal and graph *** also integrated dynamic graph learning,static graph learning,graph convolution,and temporal convolution into an end-to-end framework for 3D-OT prediction using time-series grid *** this study,we conducted prediction experiments using high-resolution 3D-OT from the Copernicus global ocean physical reanalysis,with data covering the vertical variation of temperature from the sea surface to 1000 m below the sea *** compared five mainstream models that are commonly used for ocean temperature prediction,and the results showed that the method achieved the best prediction results at all prediction scales.

关键词： dynamic associations three-dimensional ocean temperature prediction graph neural network time series gridded data

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A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning for Enhanced Node Position Prediction in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks 4

A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning for Enhanced Node Po...

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4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information Systems, ICUIS 2024

作者： Nayomi, B.Deena Divya Jyothsna, V. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Andhra Pradesh Tirupati India Department of Data Science Andhra Pradesh Tirupati India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529635

This research study presents a thorough examination of the application of deep learning techniques in enhancing node position prediction within Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). As VANETs become increasingly integral to the development of intelligent transportation systems, accurate and efficient node position prediction emerges as a critical component for ensuring optimal network functionality, safety, and traffic management. This paper explores the performance and adaptability of multiple deep learning models in the dynamic and complicated VANET environment, such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We provide a detailed analysis of the existing literature, highlighting the strengths and limitations of different deep learning approaches in handling the high mobility, variable density, and recurrently changing topology of vehicular networks. Furthermore, the survey discusses the integration of contextual information, such as environmental factors and road conditions, into the prediction models, enhancing their accuracy and reliability. We also explore the implications of advanced methodologies like Transfer Learning and Federated Learning in this domain. In addition to providing insights into future research paths, the paper finishes with an assessment of the difficulties encountered in the practical application of these models, including data privacy and computing limits. The goal of this thorough investigation is to provide a roadmap for future developments in node location prediction in VANETs, making it an invaluable tool for scholars and professionals working in the subject of intelligent transportation systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Optimal score estimation via empirical Bayes smoothing 37

Optimal score estimation via empirical Bayes smoothing

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37th Annual Conference on Learning Theory, COLT 2024

作者： Wibisono, Andre Wu, Yihong Yang, Kaylee Yingxi Department of Computer Science Yale University United States Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale University United States

We study the problem of estimating the score function of an unknown probability distribution ρ∗ from n independent and identically distributed observations in d dimensions. Assuming that ρ∗ is subgaussian and has a Lipschitz-continuous score function s∗, we establish the optimal rate of Θ˜(n-2/d+4) for this estimation problem under the loss function ŝ - s∗2L2(ρ∗) that is commonly used in the score matching literature, highlighting the curse of dimensionality where sample complexity for accurate score estimation grows exponentially with the dimension d. Leveraging key insights in empirical Bayes theory as well as a new convergence rate of smoothed empirical distribution in Hellinger distance, we show that a regularized score estimator based on a Gaussian kernel attains this rate, shown optimal by a matching minimax lower bound. We also discuss extensions to estimating β-Hölder continuous scores with β ≤ 1, as well as the implication of our theory on the sample complexity of score-based generative models. © 2024 A. Wibisono, Y. Wu & K.Y. Yang.

关键词： Probability distributions

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A Variational Inference-Based LSTM-enhanced Deep Neural Model for Sequential Recommendations

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 95945-95962页

作者： Ngaffo, Armielle Noulapeu Kamgang, Ines Raissa Djouela Maka, Ebenezer Maka Malong, Yannick University of Douala Laboratory of Computer Science Data Science and Artificial Intelligence National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala Douala8580 Cameroon Department of computer engineering University of Buea Faculty of Engineering and Technology Cameroon

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are particularly useful in recommender systems since user preferences change over time. Unlike traditional recommender models which assume static user-item interactions, LSTM models capture sequential dependencies and temporal dynamics, making them ideal for personalized, session-based, and sequential recommendation tasks. However, traditional LSTM-based recommender systems do not model uncertainty since they perform deterministic predictions. Moreover, those recommender models exhibit poor generalization on small datasets, and poor-handle cold-start and data sparsity problems. To overcome those limitations, this paper presents an LSTM-based recommender model that leverages an improved deep matrix factorization to accurately address the data sparsity problem. In addition, an enhanced variational inference coupled to the Evidence Lower Bound Optimization is applied on LSTM unit layers to perform uncertainty-aware predictions. Thereafter, latent vectors obtained from LSTM networks are effectively involved in the sequential recommendation process. Experiments have been conducted on several real-world datasets to evaluate our proposal and the results show the proposed model presents significant performances compared to state-of-the-art models. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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