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Quantized Decoders that Maximize Mutual Information for Polar Codes

China Communications 2024年第7期21卷 125-134页

作者： Zhu Hongfei Cao Zhiwei Zhao Yuping Li Dou School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

In this paper,we innovatively associate the mutual information with the frame error rate(FER)performance and propose novel quantized decoders for polar *** on the optimal quantizer of binary-input discrete memoryless channels(BDMCs),the proposed decoders quantize the virtual subchannels of polar codes to maximize mutual information(MMI)between source bits and quantized *** nested structure of polar codes ensures that the MMI quantization can be implemented stage by *** results show that the proposed MMI decoders with 4 quantization bits outperform the existing nonuniform quantized decoders that minimize mean-squared error(MMSE)with 4 quantization bits,and yield even better performance than uniform MMI quantized decoders with 5 quantization ***,the proposed 5-bit quantized MMI decoders approach the floating-point decoders with negligible performance loss.

关键词： maximize mutual information polar codes quantization successive cancellation decoding

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Zero Knowledge Proof on Top of Blockchain for Anonymous and Verifiable E-Voting System

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年 1-12页

作者： Sangraula, Purushottam Adhikari, Nanda Bikram Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Pulchowk Campus Institute of Engineering Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Nepal

Electronic Voting Machines and online voting systems have been intermittently employed but have faced scrutiny due to concerns about transparency and verifiability. The methodology employed in this study ensures transparency through the integration of Blockchain and enhances verifiability by incorporating zk proofs. To safeguard the anonymity of voters, a zero-knowledge Merkle Membership Proof, utilizing zk-snarks, is applied. This ensures that only voters capable of providing the zk proof of membership from the designated set listed on the blockchain are eligible to cast their votes. To counteract potential issues related to double voting, the implementation of nullifiers becomes crucial. In this context, nullifiers are confidential phrases that are depleted upon the casting of a vote. The formation of ballots involves combining the voter’s preferences, obscured with removable randomness, and further encrypting them using RSA. This work introduces and analyzes several procedural modifications in the existing blockchain based voting systems with the aim to enhance the overall integrity, cost and security of the voting system. The implementation of this work enables voters to cast a vote with 1.6 million gas units with less than 4 s time duration. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.

关键词： Blockchain

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Analysis of channel capacity for UWB antenna for improvements in the data rates and low Power transmission over wireless application

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International Journal of Information Technology (Singapore) 2024年第7期16卷 4343-4349页

作者： Bhopale, Nitin I. Pawar, Sunil N. Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Sanjivani College of Engineering National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) Chhattrapati Sambhaji Nagar Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering JNEC

Multiple input- Multiple output- Ultra-wideband (MIMO-UWB) is a wireless communication approach that combines multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver with ultra-wideband frequency spectra to increase data speeds, dependability and spatial diversity in communication systems. The purpose of this research is to study the hybridization of MIMO-UWB over the Rayleigh fading channel using various antenna designs. Convolution encoders are used to encode binary data. The bit interleaver records the encrypted data that is sent to the mapper. The Inverse Fast Fourier Transform is used to handle information from Parallel subcarriers two,four, and eight. To prevent Inter symbol interference, a cyclic prefix is subsequently added. A Fast Fourier transform is used to synchronize signals after they are distorted and two, four, and eight antennas. The cyclic prefix is then deleted. Once the interleaving is done, the data received through various antennas are transformed into serial, demodulated, and decoded. Bit Error Rate (BER) and data rates are used to assess the hybridization system for MIMO-UWB sectorial antenna designs of 2x2,4x4, and *** results obtained indicate that both traditional MIMO and combined MIMO-UWB have higher data rates as SNR increases, with hybridized MIMO-UWB having higher data rates than conventional MIMO and achieving low transmission power. In the same way, hybridized MIMO-UWB yields lower BER values than standard MIMO. This suggests that hybrid MIMO-UWB outperforms traditional MIMO in terms of Rayleigh fading. © Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of computer Applications and Management 2024.

关键词： Bit error rate (BER) Multiple input- multiple output (MIMO) Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) Rayleigh fading Ultra-wideband antenna (UWB)

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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING SINGLE-LAYER FOAM SUBSTRATE FOR 5.8 GHZ ISM BAND APPLICATIONS

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2025年第2期84卷 43-65页

作者： Hake, Shahadev Jaiswal, Rupesh Moon, Sunil Nikam, Pritam Kumar, Jayendra Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering SCTR’s Pune Institute of Computer Technology Pune India Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering KIT’s College of Engineering Kolhapur India School of Electronics Engineering VIT-AP University Andhra Pradesh India

Since last decade, a microstrip patch antenna has played a very important role in industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band applications, but single-layer antennae suffer from low gain and low radiation efficiency. For an ISM band, there is always a trade-off between these parameters, so maintaining it on a single-layer microstrip antenna is a big challenge. A circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna using a single-layer foam substrate has been designed for 5.8 GHz ISM band which offers high gain, improved radiation efficiency, and a lightweight design. It is constructed as a low-profile, single coaxial feed microstrip antenna on a foam substrate, achieving circular polarization by integrating two slots into the radiating patch antenna has dimensions of 0.98 λ0 × 0.98 λ0 × 0.096 λ0, impedance bandwidth of 600 MHz (5.56–6.16) GHz, which underscores its adaptability across a wide range of frequencies within the specified band. Furthermore, it elaborates the axial ratio bandwidth which extends over 130 MHz (5.77–5.90) GHz, showing the antenna’s ability to maintain circular polarization characteristics over a significant frequency range with a gain of 8.87 dB. The experimental and simulation results confirmed a remarkable radiation efficiency of 95.62%, showing its superior effectiveness compared to any existing single-layer microstrip antenna. © 2025 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Slot antennas

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A PHP Framework-Based Web-Based Instruction Platform

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies

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International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 2024年第7期18卷 68-81页

作者： Zhuang, Li School of Electronics and Computer Engineering Southeast University Chengxian College Nanjing210088 China

This paper combines the emerging Internet with actual student classrooms to design a PHP-framework-based web-based instruction platform, aiming to improve students’ learning efficiency after class. This system uses the PHP language and integrates MVC-based ThinkPHP, Bootstrap, jQuery’s $, ajax asynchronous request, art-template rendering, and other technologies. The interface of the system is simple and easy to operate, with various layout styles and display effects. Students can increase their interest in learning and improve their learning efficiency by watching the teaching videos on the website. The system summarizes a large amount of teaching resources and information to promote the structure and mode of reform in education and teaching. Such an intelligent platform with permanent knowledge preservation and instant sharing features effectively motivates students’ learning efficiency, interest, and initiative. © 2024 by the authors of this article.

关键词： Students

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New Antenna Array Beamforming Techniques Based on Hybrid Convolution/Genetic Algorithm for 5G and Beyond Communications

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2749-2767页

作者： Shimaa M.Amer Ashraf A.M.Khalaf Amr H.Hussein Salman A.Alqahtani Mostafa H.Dahshan Hossam M.Kassem Electronics and Communications Engineering Department Higher Institute of Engineering and TechnologyKafr ElsheikhEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMiniaEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringTanta UniversityTantaEgypt Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringHorus University EgyptNew DamiettaEgypt Department of Computer Engineering College of computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Computing Mathematics and EngineeringCharles Sturt UniversityBathurstNSW2795Australia

Side lobe level reduction(SLL)of antenna arrays significantly enhances the signal-to-interference ratio and improves the quality of service(QOS)in recent and future wireless communication systems starting from 5G up to ***,it improves the array gain and directivity,increasing the detection range and angular resolution of radar *** study proposes two highly efficient SLL reduction *** techniques are based on the hybridization between either the single convolution or the double convolution algorithms and the genetic algorithm(GA)to develop the Conv/GA andDConv/GA,*** convolution process determines the element’s excitations while the GA optimizes the element *** M elements linear antenna array(LAA),the convolution of the excitation coefficients vector by itself provides a new vector of excitations of length N=(2M−1).This new vector is divided into three different sets of excitations including the odd excitations,even excitations,and middle excitations of lengths M,M−1,andM,*** the same element spacing as the original LAA is used,it is noticed that the odd and even excitations provide a much lower SLL than that of the LAA but with amuch wider half-power beamwidth(HPBW).While the middle excitations give the same HPBWas the original LAA with a relatively higher *** the increased HPBWof the odd and even excitations,the element spacing is optimized using the ***,the synthesized arrays have the same HPBW as the original LAA with a two-fold reduction in the ***,for extreme SLL reduction,the DConv/GA is *** this technique,the same procedure of the aforementioned Conv/GA technique is performed on the resultant even and odd excitation *** provides a relatively wider HPBWthan the original LAA with about quad-fold reduction in the SLL.

关键词： Array synthesis convolution process genetic algorithm(GA) half power beamwidth(HPBW) linear antenna array(LAA) side lobe level(SLL) quality of service(QOS)

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An Improved Navigation Pseudolite Signal Structure Based on the Kasami Sequences and the Pulsing Scheme

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Chinese Journal of electronics 2022年第2期31卷 220-226页

作者： TAO Lin SUN Junren LI Guangchen ZHU Bocheng School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University

Pseudolites(PLs) are ground-based satellites, providing users with navigation ***, implementation of the PL system leads to the near-far problem. In this paper, we proposed an improved navigation PL signal structure of combing Kasami sequences and the pulsing scheme to mitigate the near-far effect. The pulse modulation method is adopted to ensure that the PLs transmit signals at different timeslots and reduce the PL signals' mutual interference. Additionally,we employ the small set of Kasami sequences with good cross-correlation properties to improve the anti-interference ability. A simulation test based on software is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed signal. The simulation proves that the improved PL signal has an impulsive power spectral density, makes it a feasible solution to mitigate the near-far effect, and performs better in the capture.

关键词： satellite navigation good cross-correlation properties improved navigation pseudolite signal structure interference suppression Kasami sequences pulse modulation method pulse modulation pulsing scheme PL system navigation solutions PL signals improved navigation PL signal structure anti-interference ability ground-based satellites

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An amalgamation of integrated features with DeepSpeech2 architecture and improved spell corrector for improving Gujarati language ASR system

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International Journal of Speech Technology 2024年第1期27卷 87-99页

作者： Dua, Mohit Bhagat, Bhavesh Dua, Shelza Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India Department of Electronics Communication and Engineering Punjab Engineering College Chandigarh India

Automatic Speech Recognition systems that convert language into written text have greatly transformed human–machine interaction. Although these systems have achieved results, in languages building accurate and reliable ASR models for low resource languages like Gujarati comes with significant challenges. Gujarati lacks data and linguistic resources, making developing high-performance ASR systems quite difficult. In this paper, we propose an approach to enhance the effectiveness of a Gujarati ASR model despite resources. We achieve this by incorporating integrated features such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC) utilizing the DeepSpeech2 architecture and implementing an improved spell correction technique based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) algorithm. Our approach has demonstrated superiority over previous state-of-the-art methodologies through testing and evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method consistently reduces the Word Error Rate (WER) by 10–12 percentage points compared to the existing work, surpassing the most significant improvement of 5.87%. Our findings demonstrate the viability of developing accurate and dependable ASR systems for languages with limited resources, such as Gujarati. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Character recognition

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EARTHEN LAMP-SHAPED DGS DUAL BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR HIGH RETURN LOSS IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2024年第6期83卷 23-37页

作者： Gour, Sonam Rathi, Amit Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur India Department of Computer Engineering Poornima College of Engineering Jaipur India

This study illustrates a dual-band circular and pentagon antenna with dual-band configuration for the high return loss. When an antenna has a greater return loss, less power is reflected toward the transmitter, implying that the antenna and transmission line are better suited. Due to its accessibility, the FR4 substrate is used to replicate the design. With a bandwidth of 150 MHz and 200 MHz, respectively, the antenna’s dual-band performance is between 2.32 GHz to 2.47 GHz and 2.9 GHz to 3.1 GHz. The body phantom design in CST Studio is used to test the design’s biocompatibility. It is demonstrated by the improved antenna in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band region that it can be utilized for telemetry or medical services. © 2024 Begell House Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biocompatibility

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