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SYNAPSE: An international roadmap to large brain imaging

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Physics Reports 2023年第1期999卷 1-60页

作者： Stampfl, Anton P.J. Liu, Zhongdong Hu, Jun Sawada, Kei Takano, H. Kohmura, Yoshiki Ishikawa, Tetsuya Lim, Jae-Hong Je, Jung-Ho Low, Chian-Ming Teo, Alvin Tok, Eng Soon Tan, Tin Wee Ban, Kenneth Libedinsky, Camilo Tan, Francis Chee Kuan Chen, Kuan-Peng Yang, An-Cheng Chuang, Chao-Chun Chen, Nan-Yow Shih, Chi-Tin Lee, Ting-Kuo Yang, De-Nian Lai, Hsu-Chao Shuai, Hong-Han Cheng, Chang-Chieh Ching, Yu-Tai Li, Chia-Wei Charng, Ching-Che Lo, Chung-Chuan Chiang, Ann-Shyn Recur, Benoit Petibois, Cyril Cheng, Chia-Liang Chen, Hsiang-Hsin Yang, Shun-Min Hwu, Yeukuang Rojviriya, Catleya Rugmai, Supagorn Rujirawat, Saroj Margaritondo, Giorgio Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Lucas Heights 2234 NSW Australia Henan university of Technology Zhengzhou China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai China RIKEN SPring-8 Center Hyogo 679-5148 Japan Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Gyeongbuk Pohang 37673 South Korea Department of Pharmacology Department of Anaesthesia and Healthy Longevity Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore School of Chemical and Life Sciences Nanyang Polytechnic Singapore eMaGIC-Lab Department of Physics National University of Singapore Singapore National Supercomputing Center Singapore Department of Psychology The N1 Institute for Health National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR Singapore Department of Anaesthesia National University Hospital National University Health System Singapore National Center for High-Performance Computing Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics Tunghai University Taichung Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Information Technology Service Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Life Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Systems Neuroscience and Brain Research Center National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Department of Physics National Dong Hwa University

Since 2020, synchrotron radiation facilities in several Asia-Pacific countries have been collaborating in a major project called “SYNAPSE” (Synchrotrons for Neuroscience: an Asia-Pacific Scientific Enterprise). They use x-ray imaging to attack in a coordinated fashion one of the major issues in modern science: the structure of animal and human brains, including neurons and connections. The objective is to develop Google-like maps also including detailed structural and functional information for selected regions of interest. The sheer mass of data needed for the objective poses huge problems for the acquisition, processing, storage and use of images. In order to complete the task within a reasonable time, the key element of the SYNAPSE strategy is the parallel and coordinated work of several facilities on the same specimens. This article reviews different aspects of the enterprise, including the foundations of synchrotron radiation, coherence and of its role in advanced imaging, electron accelerators, x-ray optics and detectors. This will provide the foundation for an extensive presentation of the different components of SYNAPSE, with an overview of results already obtained within the consortium. © 2022

关键词： Brain mapping Phase contrast Radiology Supercomputing Synchrotron X-rays

Multi-functional metasurface architecture for amplitude, polarization and wavefront control

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Pitilakis, A. Seckel, M. Tasolamprou, A.C. Liu, F. Deltsidis, A. Manessis, D. Ostmann, A. Kantartzis, N.V. Liaskos, C. Soukoulis, C.M. Tretyakov, S.A. Kafesaki, M. Tsilipakos, O. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ThessalonikiGR-54124 Greece System Integration and Interconnection Technologies Fraunhofer IZM Berlin13355 Germany Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas Crete HeraklionGR-70013 Greece Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'An710049 China Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Aalto University AaltoFI-00076 Finland Department of Computer Science Engineering University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Ames Laboratory U.S. DOE Department of Physics Astronomy Iowa State University AmesIA50011 United States Department of Materials Science and Technology University of Crete Crete HeraklionGR-70013 Greece

Metasurfaces (MSs) have been utilized to manipulate different properties of electromagnetic waves. By combining local control over the wave amplitude, phase, and polarization into a single tunable structure, a multifunctional and reconfigurable metasurface can be realized, capable of full control over incident radiation. Here, we experimentally validate a multi-functional metasurface architecture for the microwave regime, where in principle variable loads are connected behind the backplane to reconfigurably shape the complex surface impedance. As a proof-of-concept step, we fabricate several metasurface instances with static loads in different configurations (surface mount capacitors and resistors of different values in different connection topologies) to validate the approach and showcase the different achievable functionalities. Specifically, we show perfect absorption for oblique incidence (both polarizations), broadband linear polarization conversion, and beam splitting, demonstrating control over the amplitude, polarization state, and wavefront, respectively. Measurements are performed in the 4-18 GHz range inside an anechoic chamber and show good agreement with theoretically-anticipated results. Our results clearly demonstrate the practical potential of the proposed architecture for reconfigurable electromagnetic wave manipulation. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Electromagnetic waves

Retraction notice to “Automation industry in cyber physical systems based on 4G IoT networks for operation controlling and monitoring management” [Optik 272 (2023) 170308]

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Optik 2025年 333卷

作者： K.V. Mahesan Anupong Wongchai C. Tamizhselvan S. Manoj Kumar P. Vijayakumar Bharat Singh Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology Bangalore India Department of Agricultural Economy and Development Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Thailand Department of Data Science and Business System College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai Tamilnadu India Department of Computer Science and Engineering KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore 641407 India School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Mechanical Engineering GLA University Mathura UP India

Flexible Surface Reflector Antenna for Small Satellites

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Aerospace 2025年第5期12卷 414-414页

作者： Dong-Seok Kang Dong-Hun Keum Jun-Hyeong Choi Min-Hyuk Lee Kitae Park Hwa-Young Jung Deok-Soo Kang Ji-Hyeon Yun Jae-Wook Lee Jin-Ho Roh Mechanical R&D (Space System) LIG Nex1 Seongnam 13488 Republic of Korea Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering Korea Aerospace University Goyang 10540 Republic of Korea Department of Electronics Telecommunications and Computer Engineering Korea Aerospace University Goyang 10540 Republic of Korea HSCUBE Inc. Goyang 10449 Republic of Korea

A novel deployable reflector antenna for small satellites has been designed, fabricated, and experimentally validated. The reflector utilizes a doubly curved flexible surface manufactured from a triaxially woven fabric-reinforced silicone (TWFS) composite. By leveraging high-strain composite materials, the design enables a highly compact stowed configuration while maintaining precise surface accuracy upon deployment. The deployment mechanism is proposed to accommodate a 0.6 m diameter parabolic reflector within a minimal stowed volume, optimizing space efficiency for satellite integration. To validate this concept, a prototype of the reflector antenna has been fabricated and demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： reflector antenna flexible surface deployment mechanism triaxially woven fabric-reinforced silicone (TWFS) small satellites

Sub-milliwatt, widely-tunable coherent microcomb generation with feedback-free operation

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Shu, Haowen Chang, Lin Lao, Chenghao Shen, Bitao Xie, Weiqiang Zhang, Xuguang Jin, Ming Tao, Yuansheng Chen, Ruixuan Tao, Zihan Yu, Shaohua Yang, Qi-Fan Wang, Xingjun Bowers, John E. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communications System and Networks Department of Electronics School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics Peking University Beijing100871 China

Microcombs are revolutionizing optoelectronics by providing parallelized, mutually coherent wavelength channels for time-frequency metrol-ogy and information processing. To implement this essential function in integrated photonic sys-tems, it is desirable to drive microcombs directly with an on-chip laser in a simple and flexible way. However, two major difficulties are prevent-ing this goal: 1) generating mode-locked comb states usually requires a significant amount of pump power and 2) the requirement to align laser and resonator frequency significantly complicates operation and limits the tunability of the comb lines. Here, we address these problems by using microresonators on an AlGaAs on-insulator plat-form to generate dark-pulse microcombs. This highly nonlinear platform dramatically relaxes fabrication requirements and leads to a record-low pump power of less than 1 mW for coher-ent comb generation. Dark-pulse microcombs fa-cilitated by thermally-controlled avoided mode-crossings are accessed by direct DFB laser pump-ing. Without any feedback or control circuitries, the comb shows good coherence and stability. This approach also leads to an unprecedented wide chirping range of all the comb lines. Our work provides a route to realize power-efficient, simple and reconfigurable microcombs that can be seamlessly integrated with a wide range of pho-tonic systems. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum gallium arsenide

UncertaintyFuseNet: Robust Uncertainty-aware Hierarchical Feature Fusion Model with Ensemble Monte Carlo Dropout for COVID-19 Detection

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Abdar, Moloud Salari, Soorena Qahremani, Sina Lam, Hak-Keung Karray, Fakhri Hussain, Sadiq Khosravi, Abbas Acharya, U. Rajendra Makarenkov, Vladimir Nahavandi, Saeid Deakin University Australia The Harvard Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University AllstonMA02134 United States The Department of Electrical Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran The Centre for Robotics Research Department of Engineering King’s College London London United Kingdom The Centre for Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada The Department of Machine Learning Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates The System Administrator Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh India The Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Ngee Ann Polytechnic Clementi Singapore The Department of Computer Science University of Quebec in Montreal MontrealQC Canada

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has become a major global threat to human health and well-being Thus, the development of computer-aided detection (CAD) systems that are capable to accurately distinguish COVID-19 from other diseases using chest computed tomography (CT) and X-ray data is of immediate priority Such automatic systems are usually based on traditional machine learning or deep learning methods Differently from most of existing studies, which used either CT scan or X-ray images in COVID-19-case classification, we present a simple but efficient deep learning feature fusion model, called UncertaintyFuseNet, which is able to classify accurately large datasets of both of these types of images We argue that the uncertainty of the model’s predictions should be taken into account in the learning process, even though most of existing studies have overlooked it We quantify the prediction uncertainty in our feature fusion model using effective Ensemble MC Dropout (EMCD) technique A comprehensive simulation study has been conducted to compare the results of our new model to the existing approaches, evaluating the performance of competing models in terms of Precision, Recall, F-Measure, Accuracy and ROC curves The obtained results prove the efficiency of our model which provided the prediction accuracy of 99.08% and 96.35% for the considered CT scan and X-ray datasets, respectively Moreover, our UncertaintyFuseNet model was generally robust to noise and performed well with previously unseen data The source code of our implementation is freely available at: https://***/moloud1987/UncertaintyFuseNet-for-COVID-19-Classification. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coronavirus

Hydrogen iodide (HI) neutral beam etching characteristics of InGaN and GaN for micro-LED fabrication

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Nanotechnology 2023年第36期34卷 365302-365302页

作者： Ohori, Daisuke Ishihara, Takahiro Wang, Xuelun Endo, Kazuhiko Hsieh, Tsou-Hwa Li, Yiming Natori, Nobuhiro Matsui, Kazuma Samukawa, Seiji Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai980-8577 Japan Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya464-8601 Japan Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya464-8601 Japan Institute of Communications Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Center for mmWave Smart Radar System and Technologies National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai980-8577 Japan Resonac Corporation 5-1 Ohgimachi Kawasaki-ku Kanagawa Kawasaki210-0867 Japan

We investigated the etching characteristics of hydrogen iodide (HI) neutral beam etching (NBE) of GaN and InGaN and compared with Cl2 NBE. We showed the advantages of HI NBE versus Cl2 NBE, namely: higher InGaN etch rate, better surface smoothness, and significantly reduced etching residues. Moreover, HI NBE was suppressed of yellow luminescence compared with Cl2 plasma. InCl x is a product of Cl2 NBE. It does not evaporate and remains on the surface as a residue, resulting in a low InGaN etching rate. We found that HI NBE has a higher reactivity with In resulting in InGaN etch rates up to 6.3 nm min−1, and low activation energy for InGaN of approximately 0.015 eV, and a thinner reaction layer than Cl2 NBE due to high volatility of In-I compounds. HI NBE resulted in smoother etching surface with a root mean square average (rms) of 2.9 nm of HI NBE than Cl2 NBE (rms: 4.3 nm) with controlled etching residue. Moreover, the defect generation was suppressed in HI NBE compared to Cl2 plasma, as indicated by lower yellow luminescence intensity increase after etching. Therefore, HI NBE is potentially useful for high throughput fabrication of μLEDs. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Etching

Real-time and ultrafast optical pulse quantization based on slicing the supercontinuum

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Chinese Optics Letters 2021年第8期19卷 69-74页

作者： Ya Guo Qiang Cai Zhiwei Jia Bingjie Xu Zhensen Gao Qianwu Zhang Ruonan Zhang Adonis Bogris K.Alan Shore Yuncai Wang Pu Li Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Science and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory Institute of Southwestern CommunicationChengdu 610041China Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering University of West AtticaAthens 12243Greece School of Electronic Engineering Bangor UniversityWales LL571UTUnited Kingdom

All-optical analog-to-digital conversion is a paramount issue in modern science. How to implement real-time and ultrafast quantization to optical pulses with different intensities in an all-optical domain is a central problem. Here, we report a realtime demonstration of an all-optical quantization scheme based on slicing the supercontinuum in a nonlinear fiber. In comparison with previous schemes through off-line analysis of the power of different optical spectral components in the supercontinuum, this, to the best of our knowledge, is the first demonstration of such functionality online in the time ***, the extinction ratio among the quantized outputs can exceed 10 d B, which further confirms the feasibility of the proposed quantization scheme. The current 3 bit resolution in the proof-of-principle experiment is limited by the current experimental condition, but it can be expected to be greatly enhanced through improving both the spectral width of the generated supercontinuum and the number of filtering channels used.

关键词： all-optical analog-to-digital conversion photonic quantization all-optical signal processing supercontinuum generation

Energy-Efficient Cell-Free Massive MIMO Through Sparse Large-Scale Fading Processing

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Shuaifei Zhang, Jiayi Björnson, Emil Demir, Özlem Tuğfe Ai, Bo The School of Electronic and Information Engineering The Frontiers Science Center for Smart Highspeed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The Department of Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Kista164 40 Sweden The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering TOBB University of Economics and Technology Ankara Turkey The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF mMIMO) systems serve the user equipments (UEs) by geographically distributed access points (APs) by means of joint transmission and reception. To limit the power consumption due to fronthaul signaling and processing, each UE should only be served by a subset of the APs, but it is hard to identify that subset. Previous works have tackled this combinatorial problem heuristically. In this paper, we propose a sparse distributed processing design for CF mMIMO, where the AP-UE association and long-term signal processing coefficients are jointly optimized. We formulate two sparsity-inducing mean-squared error (MSE) minimization problems and solve them by using efficient proximal approaches with block-coordinate descent. For the downlink, more specifically, we develop a virtually optimized large-scale fading precoding (V-LSFP) scheme using uplink-downlink duality. The numerical results show that the proposed sparse processing schemes work well in both uplink and downlink. In particular, they achieve almost the same spectral efficiency as if all APs would serve all UEs, while the energy efficiency is 2-4 times higher thanks to the reduced processing and signaling. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency