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37th IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference, SOCC 2024

作者： Liu, Shuang Radetzki, Martin University of Stuttgart Embedded Systems Institute of Computer Architecture and Computer Engineering Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377569

Chiplet-based systems have become prominent in large systems-on-Chips (SoCs) as a means to mitigate increasing design costs. However, the integration of multiple chiplets introduces new challenges in the interconnection network, potentially leading to deadlocks. In this paper, we propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) based design approach to address this issue. Our method considers various design factors for deadlock-free routing, such as topology, latency, load balancing, path diversity, and fault tolerance, applicable to both general-purpose chiplets and application-specific chiplets. It facilitates the determination of optimal turn restrictions for general-purpose chiplets or constructs optimal deadlock-free routing paths for application-specific chiplets if the communication patterns are known. The results demonstrate the capability of the method to find optimal solutions under various design considerations. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Integer linear programming

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A linkable signature scheme supporting batch verification for privacy protection in crowd-sensing

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 645-654页

作者： Xu Li Gwanggil Jeon Wenshuo Wang Jindong Zhao School of Computer and Control Engineering Yantai UniversityYantai264005China Department of Embedded Systems Engineering Incheon National UniversityAcademyro-119Incheon22012Republic of Korea

The maturity of 5G technology has enabled crowd-sensing services to collect multimedia data over wireless network,so it has promoted the applications of crowd-sensing services in different fields,but also brings more privacy security challenges,the most commom which is privacy *** a privacy protection technology combining data integrity check and identity anonymity,ring signature is widely used in the field of privacy ***,introducing signature technology leads to additional signature verification *** the scenario of crowd-sensing,the existing signature schemes have low efficiency in multi-signature ***,it is necessary to design an efficient multi-signature verification scheme while ensuring *** this paper,a batch-verifiable signature scheme is proposed based on the crowd-sensing background,which supports the sensing platform to verify the uploaded multiple signature data efficiently,so as to overcoming the defects of the traditional signature scheme in multi-signature *** our proposal,a method for linking homologous data was presented,which was valuable for incentive mechanism and data *** results showed that the proposed scheme has good performance in terms of security and efficiency in crowd-sensing applications with a large number of users and data.

关键词： 5G network Crowd-sensing Privacy protection Ring signature Batch verification

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DP-ARTS: Dynamic Prioritization for Adaptive Resource Allocation and Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer Science 2025年第3期52卷 793-807页

作者： BEN ALLA, Hicham BEN ALLA, Said EZZATI, Abdellah Computer Science Mathematics and Computer Science Department Science and Technical Faculty Hassan 1 University Settat Morocco Embedded Systems and Computer Science National School of Applied Sciences of Berrechid Hassan 1 University Settat Morocco

Efficient task scheduling and resource allocation are essential for optimizing performance in cloud computing environments. The presence of priority constraints necessitates advanced solutions capable of addressing the increased complexity in the task scheduling process and resource allocation management. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, Dynamic Prioritization and Adaptive Resource Allocation and Task Scheduling (DP-ARTS), to tackle these challenges by integrating dynamic task prioritization with adaptive resource allocation and scheduling strategies. Our approach introduces a scoring mechanism to prioritize tasks based on deadlines, resource requirements, and other critical characteristics. Furthermore, we utilize K-means clustering to group Virtual Machines (VMs) according to their capabilities, facilitating more efficient task-to-VM mapping. Through simulations conducted with real-world workload traces in the CloudSim toolkit, DP-ARTS demonstrates superior performance in reducing makespan and energy consumption, while also improving resource utilization and load balancing compared to existing solutions. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： K-means clustering

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MR3D-Net: Dynamic Multi-Resolution 3D Sparse Voxel Grid Fusion for LiDAR-Based Collective Perception 27

MR3D-Net: Dynamic Multi-Resolution 3D Sparse Voxel Grid Fusi...

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27th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation systems, ITSC 2024

作者： Teufel, Sven Gamerdinger, Jorg Volk, Georg Bringmann, Oliver University of Tübingen Faculty of Science Department of Computer Science Embedded Systems Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505929

The safe operation of automated vehicles depends on their ability to perceive the environment comprehensively. However, occlusion, sensor range, and environmental factors limit their perception capabilities. To overcome these limitations, collective perception enables vehicles to exchange information. However, fusing this exchanged information is a challenging task. Early fusion approaches require large amounts of bandwidth, while intermediate fusion approaches face interchangeability issues. Late fusion of shared detections is currently the only feasible approach. However, it often results in inferior performance due to information loss. To address this issue, we propose MR3D-Net, a dynamic multi-resolution 3D sparse voxel grid fusion backbone architecture for LiDAR-based collective perception. We show that sparse voxel grids at varying resolutions provide a meaningful and compact environment representation that can adapt to the communication bandwidth. MR3D-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance on the OPV2V 3D object detection benchmark while reducing the required bandwidth by up to 94 % compared to early fusion. Code is available at https://***/ekut-esIMR3D-Net © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicle-to-grid

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LSM: A Comprehensive Metric for Assessing the Safety of Lane Detection systems in Autonomous Driving 100

LSM: A Comprehensive Metric for Assessing the Safety of Lane...

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100th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2024-Fall

作者： Gamerdinger, Jorg Teufel, Sven Amann, Stephan Volk, Georg Bringmann, Oliver University of Tübingen Faculty of Science Embedded Systems Group Department of Computer Science Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517786

Comprehensive perception of the vehicle's environment and correct interpretation of the environment are crucial for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles. The perception of surrounding objects is the main component for further tasks such as trajectory planning. However, safe trajectory planning requires not only object detection, but also the detection of drivable areas and lane corridors. While first approaches consider an advanced safety evaluation of object detection, the evaluation of lane detection still lacks sufficient safety metrics. For assessing safety, additional factors such as the semantics of the scene with road type and road width, the detection range as well as the potential causes of missing detections, incorporated by vehicle speed, should be considered for the evaluation of lane detection. Therefore, we propose the Lane Safety Metric (LSM), which takes these factors into account in order to evaluate the safety of lane detection systems by determining an easily interpretable safety score. We evaluate our offline safety metric on various virtual scenarios using different lane detection approaches and compare it with state-of-the-art performance metrics. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicle safety

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FPGARLab: Leveraging FPGA Design and Verification Using Intelligent Cyber Physical System Based Collaborative Remote Laboratory 6

FPGARLab: Leveraging FPGA Design and Verification Using Inte...

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6th International Congress on Human-computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications, HORA 2024

作者： Al Amin, Rashed Wiese, Veit Rahman, Mohammad Musfiqur Jacobs, Sven Jaschke, Steffen Obermaisser, Roman Institute for Embedded Systems University of Siegen Siegen Germany Computer Science Education University of Siegen Siegen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350394634

The Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) computing architecture allows users to program and reconfigure hardware, providing flexibility and adaptability. FPGAs have garnered considerable attention in both academic research and industrial contexts due to their potential applications. Teaching hardware design, requiring direct access to specific hardware platform for conclusive testing, faces challenges with FPGAs, which are not easily shared among multiple users. The rising use of remote laboratory systems has addressed this constraint, allowing access to various equipment and devices from different geographic locations, has witnessed an upsurge in engineering education and industrial research. The traditional laboratory approach has transformed with the integration of computers, electronic devices, and the internet, giving rise to a novel paradigm in laboratory practice known as the remote laboratory system. This system allows users to access lab equipment at their convenience, fostering self-paced learning. This paper demonstrates an intelligent cyber physical system based platform for remote FPGA kit access, facilitating collaborative task-solving through a web interface. Tailored for FPGAs, the system autonomously manages logic design, synthesis, and simulation. Acting as a gateway, it provides users fully control over FPGA development boards, including peripherals with real-time feedback via video streaming and live chat. This proposed intelligent cyber-physical system also possesses the capability to oversee multiple and diverse FPGA development boards through smart light control and power-saving mode, thereby augmenting the system's overall efficiency. This distinctive design offers the advantage of conducting student laboratory exercises or industrial training where FPGA hardware must be accessed by numerous users simultaneously. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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SCOPE: A Synthetic Multi-Modal Dataset for Collective Perception Including Physical-Correct Weather Conditions 27

SCOPE: A Synthetic Multi-Modal Dataset for Collective Percep...

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27th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation systems, ITSC 2024

作者： Gamerdinger, Jorg Teufel, Sven Schulz, Patrick Amann, Stephan Kirchner, Jan-Patrick Bringmann, Oliver University of Tübingen Embedded Systems Group Faculty of Science Department of Computer Science Germany Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505929

Collective perception has received considerable attention as a promising approach to overcome occlusions and limited sensing ranges of vehicle-local perception in autonomous driving. In order to develop and test novel collective perception technologies, appropriate datasets are required. These datasets must include not only different environmental conditions, as they strongly influence the perception capabilities, but also a wide range of scenarios with different road users as well as realistic sensor models. Therefore, we propose the Synthetic COllective PErception (SCOPE) dataset. SCOPE is the first synthetic multi-modal dataset that incorporates realistic camera and LiDAR models as well as parameterized and physically accurate weather simulations for both sensor types. The dataset contains 17,600 frames from over 40 diverse scenarios with up to 24 collaborative agents, infrastructure sensors, and passive traffic, including cyclists and pedestrians. In addition, recordings from two novel digital-twin maps from Karlsruhe and Tübingen are included. The dataset is available at https://***/scope © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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Software Implementation and Performance of a Computational Complexity Reduced Belief Propagation Polar Code Decoder

Software Implementation and Performance of a Computational C...

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2023 International Conference on Electrical, computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering, ICECCME 2023

作者： Van Den Brink, Arvid B. Meteer, Oǧuz Bekooij, Marco J.G. University of Twente Department of Computer Architectures for Embedded Systems Enschede Netherlands Nxp Semiconductors Department of Embedded Software and Signal Processing Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350322972

The belief propagation algorithm is one of the preferred algorithms for a polar code based decoder that can potentially achieve the lowest latency. Although belief propagation polar code algorithms have the ability for a highly parallelized implementation, they require more iterations to achieve a comparable frame error rate and bit error rate compared to the successive cancellation polar code algorithm. The iterative nature of the belief propagation algorithms also results in a higher computational complexity, i.e. O(N(2log2N-1)) compared to the computational complexity O(Nlog2N) of the successive cancellation decoder algorithm. In this paper we propose several software implementations of belief propagation polar code decoders using the computational complexity reduced belief propagation algorithm and the enhanced loop-weakened belief propagation algorithm, to increase the number of decoded codes per second. Compared to a baseline belief propagation implementation, our proposed radix-2 and radix-4 implementations increase the throughput by approximately 15.4% and 22.04% respectively. This gain is the result of a reduction of arithmetic operations, i.e., additions, compares, and multiplications, which is obtained without a loss in error-correcting performance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Belief propagation

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Real-Time Multi-object Tracking Using YOLOv8 and SORT on a SoC FPGA 21st

Real-Time Multi-object Tracking Using YOLOv8 and SORT on a...

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21st International Symposium on Applied Reconfigurable Computing, ARC 2025

作者： Danilowicz, Michal Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031879944

Multi-object tracking (MOT) is one of the most important problems in computer vision and a key component of any vision-based perception system used in advanced autonomous mobile robotics. Therefore, its implementation on low-power and real-time embedded platforms is highly desirable. Modern MOT algorithms should be able to track objects of a given class (e.g. people or vehicles). In addition, the number of objects to be tracked is not known in advance, and they may appear and disappear at any time, as well as be obscured. For these reasons, the most popular and successful approaches have recently been based on the tracking paradigm. Therefore, the presence of a high quality object detector is essential, which in practice accounts for the vast majority of the computational and memory complexity of the whole MOT system. In this paper, we propose an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) implementation of an embedded MOT system based on a quantized YOLOv8 detector and the SORT (Simple Online Realtime Tracker) tracker. We use a modified version of the FINN framework to utilize external memory for model parameters and to support operations necessary required by YOLOv8. We discuss the evaluation of detection and tracking performance using the COCO and MOT15 datasets, where we achieve 0.21 mAP and 38.9 MOTA respectively. As the computational platform, we use an MPSoC system (Zynq UltraScale+ device from AMD/Xilinx) where the detector is deployed in reprogrammable logic and the tracking algorithm is implemented in the processor system. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： System-on-chip

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Fusion Model Using a Neural Network and MLE for a Single Snapshot DOA Estimation with Imperfection Mitigation

Fusion Model Using a Neural Network and MLE for a Single Sna...

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2023 IEEE International Radar Conference, RADAR 2023

作者： De Oliveira, Marcio L. Lima Bekooij, Marco J. G. University of Twente Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems Enschede Netherlands University of Twente Department of Embedded Software and Signal Processing Nxp Semiconductors Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781665482783

In this paper, we discuss the fusion of deep neural networks with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) algorithm for estimating both the Direction Of Arrival (DOA) of MIMO radars and the number of sources for a single-snapshot scenario using a Minimum Redundancy antenna Array (MRA) with imperfections and evaluating it with synthetic and real-world data. The combination of Deep Learning (DL) with the classical MLE seems to be a viable solution for this problem, as it is less computationally intensive than a classical MLE while not losing generalization and being better at estimating the number of sources. In both our experiments, using synthetic and real-world data, our method performs close to MLE and appears to be a deployable solution for real scenarios. Besides reducing the computational load of MLE, the novelty of our model lies in the fact that the deep learning model learns the gain and phase errors as a function of the direction of arrival instead of applying a simple calibration. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation

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