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Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on embedded Wireless systems and Networks

作者： Niels Reijers Chi-Sheng Shih Embedded Systems and Wireless Networking Lab Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University

ISBN: (纸本)9780994988614

Many virtual machines have been developed for tiny devices with only a few KB of RAM and tens to a few hundred KB of flash memory. They pack an impressive set of features in a very limited space, but suffer from a large performance penalty: a slowdown of one to two orders of magnitude compared to optimised native code is typical for most VMs, reducing throughput and increasing power consumption. Compiling the VM’s bytecode to native code to improve performance has been studied extensively for larger devices, but has not received much attention in the context of sensor networks, where the restricted resources mean most modern techniques cannot be applied. Simply replacing each VM instruction with a predefined sequence of native instructions is known to improve performance, but there is still a large gap to native C performance and the trade off is that the resulting code is several times larger than the compiled C equivalent, limiting the amount of code that can be loaded onto a device. This paper presents techniques to mitigate this code size overhead, making translation to native code a more attractive option, and to further improve performance. We start by analysing the overhead resulting from the basic approach using a set of benchmarks with different characteristics: sort, binary search, fft, rc5, xxtea and md5. We identify three distinct sources of overhead, two of which are related to the JVM’s stack-based architecture, and propose a set of optimisations to target each of them. Combined these optimisations reduce code size overhead by 59%. While they do increase the size of the VM, the break even point at which this fixed cost is compensated for is well within the range of memory typically available on a sensor device, allowing us to load more code on a device. Performance overhead is reduced by 79%, resulting in an average performance that is only 68% slower than optimised C.

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Poster Abstract: Improving RGB-D SLAM Using Wi-Fi

Poster Abstract: Improving RGB-D SLAM Using Wi-Fi

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International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)

作者： Zakieh Sadat Hashemifar Charuvahan Adhivarahan Karthik Dantu Distributed Robotics and Networked Embedded Systems Lab (DRONES) Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo New York

ISBN: (纸本)9781467391474

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is the process of learning about both the environment and about a robot's location with respect to the environment and is essential for robots to autonomously navigate. A variety of algorithms using many different sensors such as RGB-D cameras, laser range finders, ultrasonic sensors and others have been proposed to perform SLAM. However, these algorithms face common challenges are that of computational complexity, wrong loop closure detection and failure to localize correctly when robot loses state (kidnapped robot problem). In this work, we utilize Wi-Fi signal strength sensing to aid the SLAM process in indoor environments and address the challenges mentioned above.

关键词： Simultaneous localization and mapping Wireless fidelity Indoor environments Lighting Feature extraction

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An experimental microarchitecture for a superconducting qantum processor 50

An experimental microarchitecture for a superconducting qant...

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50th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, MICRO 2017

作者： Fu, X. Rol, M.A. Bultink, C.C. Van Someren, J. Khammassi, N. Ashraf, I. Vermeulen, R.F.L. De Sterke, J.C. Vlothuizen, W.J. Schouten, R.N. Almudever, C.G. DiCarlo, L. Bertels, K. QuTech Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5046 Delft2600 GA Netherlands Computer Engineering Lab Delft University of Technology Netherlands Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology Netherlands Topic Embedded Systems B.V. Netherlands Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781450349529

Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems that are intractable for classical computers, such as factoring large numbers and simulating quantum systems. To date, research in quantum computer engineering has focused primarily at opposite ends of the required system stack: devising high-level programming languages and compilers to describe and optimize quantum algorithms, and building reliable low-level quantum hardware. Relatively little attention has been given to using the compiler output to fully control the operations on experimental quantum processors. Bridging this gap, we propose and build a prototype of a flexible control microarchitecture supporting quantum-classical mixed code for a superconducting quantum processor. The microarchitecture is based on three core elements: (i) a codeword-based event control scheme, (ii) queue-based precise event timing control, and (iii) a flexible multilevel instruction decoding mechanism for control. We design a set of quantum microinstructions that allows flexible control of quantum operations with precise timing. We demonstrate the microarchitecture and microinstruction set by performing a standard gate-characterization experiment on a transmon qubit. © 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.

关键词： Program compilers

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Regional detection of unknown sources for the sub-diffusion process

Regional detection of unknown sources for the sub-diffusion ...

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American Control Conference

作者： Fudong Ge Yang Quan Chen Chunhai Kou School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences Mechatronics Embedded Systems and Automation Lab University of California Merced Department of Applied Mathematics Donghua University

ISBN: (纸本)9781509045839

In this paper, we shall discuss the problem of regional detection of unknown source in a sub-diffusion process. The notions of sources, detection and regional strategic/spy sensors are introduced and the relationships between regional spy sensors and regional strategic sensors in a sub-diffusion process are explored. Moreover, we show, using an extension of the Hilbert Uniqueness Methods approach, how to reconstruct a regionally detectable source for the time fractional diffusion system based on the output functions. An example is given in the end to confirm our results.

关键词： Regional detection Sources Sensors Sub-diffusion process Time fractional diffusion systems Sensors Diffusion processes Regional Unknown

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PID2018 benchmark challenge: Model-based feedforward compensator with a conditional integrator ??

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Yuan, Jie Ates, Abdullah Dehghan, Sina Zhao, Yang Fei, Shumin Chen, YangQuan School of Automation Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Engineering Faculty Computer Engineering Department Inonu University Malatya44280 Turkey Mechatronics Embedded Systems and Automation Lab University of California MercedCA95340 United States School of Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan250061 China Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of CSE Ministry of Education School of Automation Southeast University Nanjing210096 China

Since proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers absolutely dominate the control engineering, numbers of different control structures and theories have been developed to enhance the effciency of PID controllers. Thus, it is essential and inspiring to operate different PID control strategies to the PID2018 Benchmark Challenge. In this paper, a novel control strategy is designed for this refrigeration system, where a feedforward compensator and a conditional integrator are utilized to compensate the disturbances and remove the steady-state error in the benchmark problem, respectively. The simulation results given in the benchmark problem show the straightforward effectiveness of the proposed control structure compared with the existing control methods. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Disturbance rejection

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Pixie: A heterogeneous virtual coarse-grained reconfigurable array for high performance image processing applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Kulkarni, Amit Stroobandt, Dirk Werner, Andre Fricke, Florian Huebner, Michael ELIS Department Computer Systems Lab Ghent University iGent Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 15 GhentB-9052 Belgium Chair for Embedded Systems for Information Technology Ruhr University of Bochum Bochum44780 Germany

Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) enable ease of programmability and result in low development costs. They enable the ease of use specifically in reconfigurable computing applications. The smaller cost of compilation and reduced reconfiguration overhead enables them to become attractive platforms for accelerating high-performance computing applications such as image processing. The CGRAs are ASICs and therefore, expensive to produce. However, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are relatively cheaper for low volume products but they are not so easily programmable. We combine best of both worlds by implementing a Virtual Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Array (VCGRA) on FPGA. VCGRAs are a trade off between FPGA with large routing overheads and ASICs. In this perspective we present a novel heterogeneous Virtual Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Array (VCGRA) called "Pixie" which is suitable for implementing high performance image processing applications. The proposed VCGRA contains generic processing elements and virtual channels that are described using the Hardware Description Language VHDL. Both elements have been optimized by using the parameterized configuration tool flow and result in a resource reduction of 24% for each processing elements and 82% for each virtual channels respectively. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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A Fractional Micro-Macro Model for Crowds of Pedestrians Based on Fractional Mean Field Games

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2016年第3期3卷 261-270页

作者： Kecai Cao Yang Quan Chen Daniel Stuart College of Automation Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications IEEE Mechatronics Embedded Systems and Automation Lab School of Engineering University of California Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University

Modeling a crowd of pedestrians has been considered in this paper from different aspects. Based on fractional microscopic model that may be much more close to reality, a fractional macroscopic model has been proposed using conservation law of mass. Then in order to characterize the competitive and cooperative interactions among pedestrians, fractional mean field games are utilized in the modeling problem when the number of pedestrians goes to infinity and fractional dynamic model composed of fractional backward and fractional forward equations are constructed in macro scale. Fractional micromacro model for crowds of pedestrians are obtained in the end. Simulation results are also included to illustrate the proposed fractional microscopic model and fractional macroscopic model, respectively. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

关键词： Control systems Electrical engineering

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eQASM: An executable quantum instruction set architecture

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Fu, X. Riesebos, L. Rol, M.A. van Straten, J. van Someren, J. Khammassi, N. Ashraf, I. Vermeulen, R.F.L. Newsum, V. Loh, K.K.L. de Sterke, J.C. Vlothuizen, W.J. Schouten, R.N. Almudever, C.G. DiCarlo, L. Bertels, K. QuTech Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5046 Delft2600 GA Netherlands Quantum Computer Architecture Lab Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 Delft2628 CD Netherlands Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5046 Delft2600 GA Netherlands Computer Engineering Lab Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 Delft2628 CD Netherlands P.O. Box 155 Delft2600 AD Netherlands Topic Embedded Systems B.V. P.O. Box 440 AK Best5680 Netherlands

A widely-used quantum programming paradigm comprises of both the data flow and control flow. Existing quantum hardware cannot well support the control flow, significantly limiting the range of quantum software executable on the hardware. By analyzing the constraints in the control microarchitecture, we found that existing quantum assembly languages are either too high-level or too restricted to support comprehensive flow control on the hardware. Also, as observed with the quantum microinstruction set QuMIS [1], the quantum instruction set architecture (QISA) design may suffer from limited scalability and flexibility because of microarchitectural constraints. It is an open challenge to design a scalable and flexible QISA which provides a comprehensive abstraction of the quantum hardware. In this paper, we propose an executable QISA, called eQASM, that can be translated from quantum assembly language (QASM), supports comprehensive quantum program flow control, and is executed on a quantum control microarchitecture. With efficient timing specification, single-operation-multiple-qubit execution, and a very-long-instruction-word architecture, eQASM presents better scalability than QuMIS. The definition of eQASM focuses on the assembly level to be expressive. Quantum operations are configured at compile time instead of being defined at QISA design time. We instantiate eQASM into a 32-bit instruction set targeting a seven-qubit superconducting quantum processor. We validate our design by performing several experiments on a two-qubit quantum processor. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer architecture

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An Experimental Microarchitecture for a Superconducting Quantum Processor

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Fu, X. Rol, M.A. Bultink, C.C. van Someren, J. Khammassi, N. Ashraf, I. Vermeulen, R.F.L. de Sterke, J.C. Vlothuizen, W.J. Schouten, R.N. Almudever, C.G. DiCarlo, L. Bertels, K. QuTech Delft University of Technology P.O. Box 5046 Delft2600 GA Netherlands Computer Engineering Lab Delft University of Technology Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology Topic Embedded Systems B.V

关键词： Quantum optics

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Concurrent Transmissions for Communication Protocols in the Internet of Things

Concurrent Transmissions for Communication Protocols in the ...

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Conference on Local computer Networks (LCN)

作者： Martina Brachmann Olaf Landsiedel Silvia Santini Embedded Systems Lab TU Dresden Germany Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

Standard Internet communication protocols are key enablers for the Internet of Things (IoT). Recent technological advances have made it possible to run such protocols on resource-constrained devices. Yet these devices often use energy-efficient, low-level communication technologies, like IEEE 802.15.4, which suffer from low-reliability and high latency. These drawbacks can be significantly reduced if communication occurs using concurrent transmissions - a novel communication paradigm for resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we show that Internet protocols like TCP/UDP and CoAP can run efficiently on top of a routing substrate based on concurrent transmissions. We call this substrate LaneFlood and demonstrate its effectiveness through extensive experiments on Flocklab, a publicly available testbed. Our results show that LaneFlood improves upon CXFS - a representative competitor - in terms of both duty cycle and reliability. Furthermore, LaneFlood can transport IoT traffic with an end-to-end latency of less than 300 ms over several hops.

关键词： Concurrent Transmissions Wireless Sensor Networks Internet of Things

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