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Innovative Mechanical Ventilation Control for Enhanced Indoor Air Quality and energy Efficiency

energy engineering 2025年第3期122卷 861-883页

作者： Giovanni Miracco Francesco Nicoletti Vittorio Ferraro Dimitrios Kaliakatsos Department of Mechanical Energy and Management Engineering(DIMEG)University of CalabriaCosenza87036Italy Department of Computer ModellingElectronics and Systems Engineering(DIMES)University of CalabriaCosenza87036Italy

Indoor air quality(IAQ)is often overlooked,yet a poorly maintained environment can lead to significant health issues and reduced concentration and productivity in work or educational *** study presents an innovative control system for mechanical ventilation specifically designed for university classrooms,with the dual goal of enhancing IAQ and increasing energy *** classrooms with distinct construction characteristics were analyzed:one with exterior walls and windows,and the other completely *** each classroom,a model was developed using DesignBuilder software,which was calibrated with experimental data regarding CO_(2) concentration,temperature,and relative humidity *** proposed ventilation system operates based on CO_(2) concentration,relative humidity,and potential for free heating and *** addition,the analysis was conducted for other locations,demonstrating consistent energy savings across different climates and environments,always showing an annual reduction in energy *** demonstrate that mechanical ventilation,when integrated with heat recovery and free cooling strategies,significantly reduces energy consumption by up to 25%,while also maintaining optimal CO_(2) levels to enhance comfort and air *** findings emphasize the essential need for well-designed mechanical ventilation systems to ensure both psychophysical well-being and IAQ in enclosed spaces,particularly in environments intended for extended occupancy,such as ***,this approach has broad applicability,as it could be adapted to various building types,thereby contributing to sustainable energy management practices and promoting healthier indoor *** study serves as a model for future designs aiming to balance energy efficiency with indoor air quality,especially relevant in the post-COVID era,where the importance of indoor air quality has become more widely recognized.

关键词： Indoor air quality mechanical ventilation system innovative control system energy efficiency energy-Plus simulation

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Hacking the Fabric: Targeting Partial Reconfiguration for Fault Injection in FPGA Fabrics 33

Hacking the Fabric: Targeting Partial Reconfiguration for Fa...

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33rd IEEE Asian Test Symposium, ATS 2024

作者： Chaudhuri, Jayeeta Nassar, Hassan Gnad, Dennis R.E. Henkel, Jorg Tahoori, Mehdi B. Chakrabarty, Krishnendu Arizona State University School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering TempeAZ United States Institute of Computer Engineering Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529161

FPGAs are now ubiquitous in cloud computing infrastructures and reconfigurable system-on-chip, particularly for AI acceleration. Major cloud service providers such as Amazon and Microsoft are increasingly incorporating FPGAs for specialized compute-intensive tasks within their data centers. The availability of FPGAs in cloud data centers has opened up new opportunities for users to improve application performance by implementing customizable hardware accelerators directly on the FPGA fabric. However, the virtualization and sharing of FPGA resources among multiple users open up new security risks and threats. We present a novel fault attack methodology capable of causing persistent fault injections in partial bitstreams during the process of FPGA reconfiguration. This attack leverages powerwasters and is timed to inject faults into bitstreams as they are being loaded onto the FPGA through the reconfiguration manager, without needing to remain active throughout the entire reconfiguration process. Our experiments, conducted on a Pynq FPGA setup, demonstrate the feasibility of this attack on various partial application bitstreams, such as a neural network accelerator unit and a signal processing accelerator unit. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reconfigurable hardware

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Enhancing Total-Ionizing-Dose Effects in the Partial Insulator in a Buried-Channel-Array Transistor: A Structural Proposal and Analytical Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 2025年第2期25卷 212-222页

作者： Park, Je Won Kim, Dongyeong Kim, Suyeon Kim, Shinwook Yun, Jeonghyeon Lim, Chaehyuk Seo, Hyeona Kim, Sowon Lee, Juwon Lee, Hyerin Kim, Geon Park, Jinseok Lee, Seungchan Lee, Yong-Bok Jung, Sokhee P. Lee, Myoung Jin Chonnam National University Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of Chonnam National University Department of Environment and Energy Engineering Gwangju61186 Korea Republic of

In this paper, we present an analysis methodology for total ionizing dose (TID) effects in the partial insulator in a buried-channel-array transistor (Pi-BCAT) and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed structure. Previous research showed that the insertion of an insulator below the storage node in Pi-BCAT improved pre-irradiation gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) and pre-irradiation row hammer effect (RHE) characteristics compared to the conventional buried-channel-array transistor (BCAT). However, under extreme environmental conditions, high-energy radiation could exacerbate TID effects, further worsening RHE and GIDL characteristics, which directly impacts the reliability of dynamic random-access memory applications, necessitating a thorough analysis of TID effects. In this study, we analyze the TID effects in BCAT and Pi-BCAT in terms of GIDL and RHE based on the gamma-ray dose penetrating the chip and propose the optimal package thickness for stable operation under different radiation doses. The proposed Pi-BCAT structure demonstrated a 63% improvement in leakage current performance and a similar reduction in TID-induced storage node voltage drop under 300-krad radiation compared to the conventional BCAT. Furthermore, the chip weight required to maintain equivalent TID reliability characteristics improved by ~90%. © 2001-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Gamma rays

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Blockchain-Envisioned Onion Routing Framework for Internet of Vehicles Communication toward 6G

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IEEE Internet of Things Magazine 2024年第1期7卷 82-88页

作者： Jadav, Nilesh Kumar Nair, Anuja Gupta, Rajesh Tanwar, Sudeep Alabdulatif, Abdulatif Sharma, Ravi Computer Science and Engineering Department Nirma University Ahmedabad India Qassim University Saudi Arabia University of Petroleum and Energy Studies India

The advent of the Internet of things (IoT) guided the rapid transformation of traditional vehicle ad-hoc networks (VANETs) into the Internet of vehicles (IoVs). It started with a sharp rise in the number of vehicles, leading to mass data exchange between vehicles and infrastructure and computational tasks on these vehicles. Emergent issues such as active road safety, traffic monitoring, and efficiency are significant concerns in IoV. Hence, achieving anonymity and the security and privacy of the vehicles involved in IoV is still under work. A vital issue is the issue of latency and reliability in IoV for exchanging a mass amount of sensitive information. Given this background, we proposed ToR-IoV, a blockchain and onion routing-based secure IoV communication framework underlying the 6G network. Our proposed framework permits the IoV hashed data to get encapsulated in multiple layers of encryption, and a verifying token (VT) and time to live (TTL) has been assigned to each IoV to authenticate and validate the network attacks on OR. Also, the interplanetary file system (IPFS) constructs the ToR-IoV system cost-effective. Finally, we have demonstrated performance evaluation of ToR-IoV on different parameters such as encryption-decryption time, scalability with IPFS, and latency with 6G. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicles

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Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring for energy Management in Smart Grids Incorporating EVs

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2024年第1期71卷 1696-1706页

作者： Yang, Nan Wang, Yunqi Zhang, Yuning Mohy-Ud-Din, Ghulam Yuan, Dong The University of Sydney School of Electrical and Computer Engineering DarlingtonNSW2008 Australia Energy Business Unit NewcastleNSW2300 Australia

In the current smart grid, managing high-energy consumption loads, particularly electric vehicles (EVs), become increasingly complex. This paper introduces a framework that employs non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) techniques for enhanced energy management in smart grids. Our approach encompasses a broader range of common flexible loads and energy related to EV charging. The NILM technology enables the detailed analysis of individual appliance consumption patterns from aggregated smart meter data, addressing privacy concerns and technical limitations. In detail, we propose a new NILM algorithm, Serial Multi-task Transformer with Attention (SMTA), to address the problem of long-term household load disaggregation. SMTA uses a Serial-Correlation mechanism with period-based dependencies and cyclical information aggregation for effective period time series analysis and utilizes the Task-Specific Attention strategy to find the power influence between appliances. Afterwards, based on the NILM results, we develop an energy management model aiming to optimize the net operation cost in the smart grid, after all active customers participation in ancillary service programs. The proposed framework has been verified on a modified IEEE 57-bus radial distribution system based on real-world household data. The results show that the SMTA algorithm significantly improves load disaggregation accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed framework in comparison to basic energy management. reduces the net operation costs by up to 26.9%, highlighting the substantial economic benefits of integrating NILM into smart grid operations. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Smart power grids

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HVdc and FACTS: Revolutionizing Low-Carbon Electricity Grids [Guest Editorial]

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IEEE POWER & energy MAGAZINE 2025年第2期23卷 17-19页

作者： Zhang, Xiao-Ping Nuqui, Reynaldo Fan, Lingling Department of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Birmingham United Kingdom Hitachi Energy Raleigh United States University of South Florida Tampa United States

As the backbone of energy delivery and distribution, electricity grids become increasingly important when we are working toward clean energy transitions. In fact, electricity grids have been in operation for more than 100 years, delivering power to households, businesses, and industry in the most efficient manner. For the implementation of the net-zero target and energy transition, we will need to develop bigger, stronger, and smarter grids.

关键词： Special issues and sections HVDC transmission Low carbon economy energy management Net zero Electricity supply industry Power distribution Power grids Flexible AC transmission systems Renewable energy sources Wind energy integration Power system stability

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Microgrid Control Latency Prediction with PMU Data from Hardware-in-the-Loop Experiments

Microgrid Control Latency Prediction with PMU Data from Hard...

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2025 IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference and Exposition, Grid Edge 2025

作者： Ma, Zhihao Cui, Qiushi Mai, Lihao Weng, Yang Arizona State University Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Tempe United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352528

The commission of a real microgrid may encounter unexpected time latency if no hardware experiment is conducted. Meanwhile, it is difficult to estimate the control signal latency of a microgrid's energy management system (EMS) without an efficient prediction algorithm. Thus, this paper proposes a time-latency prediction method utilizing the grid edge technology of PMU and hardware-in-the-Ioop (HIL) experiments. The latency problem has the following challenges based on unique properties of data: (1) Spatially, PMU and SCADA sensors have different locations and latency. Thus, it's required to approximate the data correlations to estimate the missing data accurately. (2) Temporally, the dynamic transitions in SCADA samples are scarce, urging efficient utilization of the SCADA data to approximate the dynamics. For challenge (1), we employ Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with high capacities to capture spatial-temporal information to predict dynamic states. For challenge (2), we develop a new mechanism to utilize SCADA data efficiently and eliminate the latency by estimating the latency distribution. The results show that our EM (Expectation-Maximization) algorithm in time synchronization offers superior performance over other methods in detecting and fixing time latency. This advanced algorithm effectively identifies discrepancies in time data by iteratively estimating a statistical model's parameters to ensure synchronization's precision and reliability. The proposed method shows its potential in tackling time latency and data scarcity under 2 different systems in 4 different scenarios in our HIL real-world setup. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Expectation maximization algorithm

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Impact of Rb Condensation on Resonant Structures for Microwave Rydberg-Atom Electrometers

Impact of Rb Condensation on Resonant Structures for Microwa...

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2025 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium, RWS 2025

作者： Sandidge, Georgia Popovic, Zoya The University of Colorado Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering BoulderCO United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377743

This paper discusses resonant cavity sensitivity enhancement of a Rydberg-atom X-band quantum receiver. The vapour cell containing the atoms is placed in a multimode metal waveguide cavity, and here we report a study of the effect of the cell on the resonator. In this work, the waveguide cavity is designed for the 59D5/2 Rydberg state of Rubidium at 10.22 GHz, with frequency tuning capability on the order of tens of MHz to compensate for any detuning due to fabrication. Specifically, inserting the glass vapour cell with Rubidium atoms has an effect on frequency and Q-factor of the cavity, which ultimately affects the receiver sensitivity. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Rydberg states

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Digital Twin Assisted Beamforming Design for Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems 58

Digital Twin Assisted Beamforming Design for Integrated Sens...

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58th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and computers, ACSSC 2024

作者： Jiang, Shuaifeng Alkhateeb, Ahmed School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354058

This paper explores a novel research direction where a digital twin is leveraged to assist the beamforming design for an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. In this setup, a base station designs joint communication and sensing beamforming to serve the communication user and detect the sensing target concurrently. Utilizing the electromagnetic (EM) 3D model of the environment and ray tracing, the digital twin can provide various information, e.g., propagation path parameters and wireless channels, to aid communication and sensing systems. More specifically, our digital twin-based beamforming design first leverages the environment EM 3D model and ray tracing to (i) predict the directions of the line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing channel paths and (ii) identify the dominant one among these sensing channel paths. Then, to optimize the joint sensing and communication beam, we maximize the sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the dominant sensing channel component while satisfying a minimum communication signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirement. Simulation results show that the proposed digital twin-assisted beamforming design achieves near-optimal target sensing SNR in both LoS and NLoS dominant areas, while ensuring the required SINR for the communication user. This highlights the potential of leveraging digital twins to assist ISAC systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Ciphering the Modern World: A Comprehensive Analysis of DES, AES, RSA and DHKE 18

Ciphering the Modern World: A Comprehensive Analysis of DES,...

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18th INDIAcom;11th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, INDIACom 2024

作者： Parikh, Prasann Patel, Nishil Patel, Dev Modi, Pratham Kaur, Hargeet Pandit Deendayal Energy University Computer Science and Engineering Department Gandhinagar India

ISBN: (纸本)9789380544519

This review paper's objective is to contrast and analyze four well-known cipher techniques, with a focus on their application to information security: DES (Data Encryption Standard), AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) and DHKE (Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange). Evaluating these cryptographic techniques' merits and demerits in terms of encryption speed, key management, and general fit for modern information security needs is the main goal. Evaluating these ciphers' effectiveness in protecting data in transit and at rest, the study explores the mathematical underpinnings and real-world applications of these techniques. Key length, the effectiveness of encryption algorithms, and susceptibility to contemporary dangers like quantum computing are among the other elements it takes into account. The study attempts to give security experts, researchers, and decision-makers useful insights through a thorough analysis, helping them to make decisions for safeguarding sensitive data in the ever-changing threat landscape of today. © 2024 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.

关键词： AES Comprehensive Analysis of Algorithms DES DHKE Encryption Modern Ciphers RSA

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