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Auto Digit Selection for Most Significant Digit First Multiplication

IEEE Embedded systems Letters 2025年

作者： Gorgin, Saeid Jaberipur, Ghassem Lee, Jeong-A Shin, Seokjoo Kim, Jungrae Computer Engineering Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology Tehran Iran Semiconductor Systems Engineering Department College of Information and Communication Engineering SungKyunKwan University Korea Republic of Brain Pool Program for Chosun University Gwangju Korea Republic of Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran Chosun University Department of Computer Engineering Gwangju Korea Republic of

Performance in modern embedded systems, particularly those executing computation-intensive signal/image processing and machine learning algorithms, is critically dependent on the efficiency of multiplication operations. Serial multiplication offers key advantages in these resource-constrained environments, including low memory usage and minimal interconnect complexity. The most significant digit first (MSDF) serial multiplication scheme further enhances efficiency by enabling early termination and supporting variable precision. It is ideal for embedded applications where power and performance are critical. This paper proposes an auto-selection scheme for MSDF multiplication, where product digits are generated as a byproduct of residual maintenance, leading to speed, cost, and power efficiency improvements. We demonstrate the implementation of serial-serial and serial-parallel multipliers, where the multiplier operand in the latter is fully available throughout the computation. Simulation and synthesis results, compared to the most relevant previous works, show reductions in delay (16% and 20%), area consumption (11% and 23%), and power dissipation (7% and 20%), making our approach well-suited for embedded systems requiring efficient, low-power multiplication hardware. © 2009-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Left-to-Right Arithmetic Machine Learning Algorithms MSDF Multiplication Online Arithmetic

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Performance Evaluation of Multi-ONU Customers Access Network using Spectrum Slicing and Duplication Techniques 5

Performance Evaluation of Multi-ONU Customers Access Network...

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5th International Conference on Emerging Electrical Energy, Electronics and Computing Technologies, ICE4CT 2024

作者： Rahman, Juwairiyyah Abdul Mugunthan, Sivaguru A.L. Hassan, Hasliza Abu Muslim, Norliana Ab-Rahman, Mohammad Syuhaimi Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences Universiti Selangor Selangor Bestari Jaya45600 Malaysia Department of Computer and Communication Technology Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Perak Kampar31900 Malaysia Department of Electrical Electronics and Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Malaysia Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Sohar University PC:311 Sohar Oman

This study aims to increase the number of access users by limiting the sample size to 30 users while ensuring that every Optical Network Unit (ONU) receives data from the Optical Line Terminal (OLT). The proposed solution allows for the determination of power requirements at each ONU based on bus-star topologies, facilitating an increase in user capacity. The power received by each ONU is a critical parameter that system designers must consider when planning the implementation of Fiber to the Home (FTTH), as it impacts the output data in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal Quality Factor (QF) for each user. Various parameters were evaluated to ensure that the enhanced network improves scalability while adhering to standard specifications. These parameters included the Q-factor, BER, eye diagram, user count, and received power. The study employed slicing and duplication techniques, utilizing Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) for signal duplication and Wavelength Division Multiplexing for signal slicing. The simulations were conducted using a transmitter operating at a frequency of 1491 nm with a power output of 0 dBm, utilizing the latest version of OptiSystem 20 software. The results highlighted the system's capability to support a total of 73,728 users, meeting stringent performance criteria. Specifically, the system achieved a Q-factor greater than 6, indicating high signal quality, and a bit error rate (BER) lower than 1 × 10-9, ensuring reliable data transmission. For the sampled 30 users, the average Q factor was 8.1527, and the average BER was 5.3648 × 10^-11, with an output power level of -54.278 dBm. Despite an increase in users, the quality of the data supplied to clients remained unchanged. These outcomes underscore the robustness and efficiency of the design in delivering high-capacity, error-resilient optical communication. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Q factor measurement

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AVTENet: A Human-Cognition-Inspired Audio-Visual Transformer-Based Ensemble Network for Video Deepfake Detection

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental systems 2025年

作者： Hashmi, Ammarah Shahzad, Sahibzada Adil Lin, Chia-Wen Tsao, Yu Wang, Hsin-Min Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Social Networks and Human-Centered Computing Program Taipei11529 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Institute of Information Systems and Applications Hsinchu30013 Taiwan National Chengchi University Department of Computer Science Taipei11605 Taiwan National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Academia Sinica Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Taipei11529 Taiwan

The recent proliferation of hyper-realistic deepfake videos has drawn attention to the threat of audio and visual forgeries. Most previous studies on detecting artificial intelligence-generated fake videos only utilize visual modality or audio modality. While some methods exploit audio and visual modalities to detect forged videos, they have not been comprehensively evaluated on multimodal datasets of deepfake videos involving acoustic and visual manipulations, and are mostly based on convolutional neural networks with low detection accuracy. Considering that human cognition instinctively integrates multisensory information including audio and visual cues to perceive and interpret content and the success of transformer in various fields, this study introduces the audio-visual transformer-based ensemble network (AVTENet). This innovative framework tackles the complexities of deepfake technology by integrating both acoustic and visual manipulations to enhance the accuracy of video forgery detection. Specifically, the proposed model integrates several purely transformer-based variants that capture video, audio, and audio-visual salient cues to reach a consensus in prediction. For evaluation, we use the recently released benchmark multimodal audio-video FakeAVCeleb dataset. For a detailed analysis, we evaluate AVTENet, its variants, and several existing methods on multiple test sets of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms all existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance on Testset-I and Testset-II of the FakeAVCeleb dataset. We also compare AVTENet against humans in detecting video forgery. The results show that AVTENet significantly outperforms humans. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： audio-visual AVTENet Deepfake detection

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Exploring Augmented Reality's Influence on Cognitive Load and Emotional Dynamics within UAV Training Environments

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IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies 2025年

作者： Rahimi, Fatema Sadeghi-Niaraki, Abolghasem Song, Houbing Wang, Huihui Choi, Soo-Mi Sejong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone XR Research Center Seoul Korea Republic of Department of Information Systems BaltimoreMD21250 United States St. Bonaventure University Cybersecurity Program St. BonaventureNY14778 United States

This study investigates the cognitive and emotional processes involved in augmented reality (AR)-based learning. The study looks at learning outcomes, emotional responses, meditation, and attention using a comprehensive approach that includes self-assessment, EEG data gathering, and post-experiment questionnaires. Twelve participants, selected based on their English proficiency and lack of prior knowledge of the course material, engaged in AR-based learning, while a baseline reading condition was included to contextualize cognitive and emotional engagement. The study findings indicate that the AR group's participants demonstrated notably elevated attention and meditation levels, indicating heightened engagement and focus that is advantageous for efficient assimilation and retention of knowledge. Furthermore, AR learners reported feeling less tired and exhausted, which may have mitigated the negative emotional states that are frequently connected to learning activities. However, no significant differences in negative emotions were observed between the reading and AR groups. These results emphasize the value of customized AR environments for education goals and the need for more study to maximize learning outcomes and affective experiences in AR learning contexts. © 2008-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Engineering education

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“Is It Future or Is It Past?”: From Self-contained Microtasks to AI-driven Collaborative Crowdsourcing

“Is It Future or Is It Past?”: From Self-contained Microta...

引用

Human-computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (HORA), International Congress on

作者： Daniel Schneider Marcos Antonio De Almeida Ramon Chaves Benjamim Fonseca Hesam Mohseni António Correia Postgraduate Program in Informatics (PPGI) Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil INESC TEC and University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real Portugal Faculty of Information Technology University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland

ISBN: (数字)9798331510886

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510893

Interest in artificial intelligence (AI)-driven crowd work has increased during the last few years as a line of inquiry that expands upon prior research on microtasking to represent a means of scaling up complex tasks through AI mediation. Despite the increasing attention to the macrotask phenomenon in crowdsourcing, there is a need to understand the processes, elements, and constraints underlying the infrastructural and behavioral aspects in such form of crowd work when involving collaboration. To this end, this paper provides a first attempt to characterize some of the research conducted in this direction to identify important paths for an agenda comprising key drivers, challenges, and prospects for integrating human-centered AI in collaborative crowdsourcing environments.

关键词： Crowdsourcing Human computer interaction Collaboration Artificial intelligence Mediation Robots Optimization

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Supply Chain Sustainability in Disruption: SC Intelligence, Customer Knowledge Transfer, and the Mediating Role of IS/IT

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IEEE Engineering Management Review 2025年

作者： Ratna, Silvia Saide, Saide Rater, Salya Svyazhanovna, Baizakova Saule Herzavina, Herzavina Faculty of Information Technology Department of Informatics Engineering and Department of Information Systems Banjarmasin Indonesia State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau-UIN SUSKA Riau Department of Information Systems Faculty of Science and Technology Indonesia PRO Knowledge Indonesia Pekanbaru Indonesia Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai Indonesia Lembaga Enreach UIN Suska Riau Indonesia Politeknik Aceh Selatan Department of Informatics Engineering Aceh Indonesia Information Communication Technologies Robotics in Arkalyk Pedagogical Institute Master of Natural Sciences Educational Program for the Informatics Computer Science Kazakhstan Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai Department of Informatics Engineering Indonesia National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan

Knowledge resource and information system/technology (IS/IT) capability have been considered to improve firm performance, however there is still a gap regarding the sustainability of supply chain to face and recover from disruption (e.g., COVID-19). Questionnaire-based surveys was adopted and received feedback from sixty (160) Indonesian companies or about 28.07% of response rate. © 1973-2011 IEEE.

关键词： customer knowledge transfer disruption information system/technology (IS/IT) responding knowledge management resource-based view (RBV) Supply chain (SC) sustainability supply chain knowledge transfer

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A computational framework for longitudinal medication adherence prediction in breast cancer survivors: A social cognitive theory based approach

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Kaur, Navreet Gonzales, Manuel Alcaraz, Cristian Garcia Gong, Jiaqi Wells, Kristen J. Barnes, Laura E. Department of Systems and Information Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA United States SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology San DiegoCA United States Department of Computer Science The University of Alabama TuscaloosaAL United States Department of Psychology San Diego State University San DiegoCA United States

Non-adherence to medications is a critical concern since nearly half of patients with chronic illnesses do not follow their prescribed medication regimens, leading to increased mortality, costs, and preventable human distress. Amongst stage 0-3 breast cancer survivors, adherence to long-term adjuvant endocrine therapy (i.e., Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors) is associated with a significant increase in recurrence-free survival. This work aims to develop multi-scale models of medication adherence to understand the significance of different factors influencing adherence across varying time frames. We introduce a computational framework guided by Social Cognitive Theory for multi-scale (daily and weekly) modeling of longitudinal medication adherence. Our models employ both dynamic medication-taking patterns in the recent past (dynamic factors) as well as less frequently changing factors (static factors) for adherence prediction. Additionally, we assess the significance of various factors in influencing adherence behavior across different time scales. Our models outperform traditional machine learning counterparts in both daily and weekly tasks in terms of both accuracy and specificity. Daily models achieved an accuracy of 87.25% (Precision – 92.04%, Recall – 93.15%, Specificity – 77.50%), and weekly models, an accuracy of 76.04% (Precision – 75.83%, Recall – 85.80%, Specificity – 72.30%). Notably, dynamic past medication-taking patterns prove most valuable for predicting daily adherence, while a combination of dynamic and static factors is significant for macro-level weekly adherence patterns. While our models exhibit strong predictive performance, they are constrained by potential cohort-specific biases, reliance on self-reported adherence data, and a limited understanding of the context around non-adherence. Future research will focus on external validation across diverse populations and explore the real-world implementation of sensor-rich systems for a more compre

关键词： Endocrinology

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Towards Safe AI Clinicians: A Comprehensive Study on Large Language Model Jailbreaking in Healthcare

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Hang Lou, Qian Wang, Yanshan Intelligent Systems Program School of Computing and Information University of Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Computer Science University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States Department of Health Information Management University of Pittsburgh PA United States Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Pittsburgh PA United States Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States University of Pittsburgh Medical Center PittsburghPA United States

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in healthcare applications. However, their deployment in clinical practice raises significant safety concerns, including the potential spread of harmful information. This study systematically assesses the vulnerabilities of seven LLMs to three advanced black-box jailbreaking techniques within medical contexts. To quantify the effectiveness of these techniques, we propose an automated and domain-adapted agentic evaluation pipeline. Experiment results indicate that leading commercial and open-source LLMs are highly vulnerable to medical jailbreaking attacks. To bolster model safety and reliability, we further investigate the effectiveness of Continual Fine-Tuning (CFT) in defending against medical adversarial attacks. Our findings underscore the necessity for evolving attack methods evaluation, domain-specific safety alignment, and LLM safety-utility balancing. This research offers actionable insights for advancing the safety and reliability of AI clinicians, contributing to ethical and effective AI deployment in healthcare. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Patient treatment

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ADISSA - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF information-systems BASED ON STRUCTURED ANALYSIS

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information systems 1988年第2期13卷 193-210页

作者： SHOVAL, P Computer and Information Systems Program Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer Sheva 84105 Israel

ADISSA is a methodology for Architectural Design of information systems and Software, based on Structured Analysis. The architectural design includes: 1. (a) design of a tree-structured menu system, which interfaces between the users and the system—viewed as the “external architecture” of the system; and 2. (b) design of the transactions of the system, composed of various functions which are activated in response to user needs and various events in the universe of discourse—viewed as the “internal architecture” of the system. The menu tree and the transactions are tied up with the other major components of the system architecture: the inputs and outputs, and the database. ADISSA methodology is fully compatible and consistent with Structured Analysis, and therefore the stages of system analysis and design are integrated into one complete process.

关键词： Architectural design data flow diagram development methods software engineering structured analysis and design transactions user interface

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A Novel Human Interaction Framework Using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis with HMM

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 1557-1573页

作者： Tanvir Fatima Naik Bukht Naif Al Mudawi Saud S.Alotaibi Abdulwahab Alazeb Mohammed Alonazi Aisha Ahmed AlArfaj Ahmad Jalal Jaekwang Kim Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia Information Systems Department Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16273Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Convergence Program for Social Innovation Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon03063Korea

Human-human interaction recognition is crucial in computer vision fields like surveillance,human-computer interaction,and social *** enhances systems’ability to interpret and respond to human behavior *** research focuses on recognizing human interaction behaviors using a static image,which is challenging due to the complexity of diverse *** overall purpose of this study is to develop a robust and accurate system for human interaction *** research presents a novel image-based human interaction recognition method using a Hidden Markov Model(HMM).The technique employs hue,saturation,and intensity(HSI)color transformation to enhance colors in video frames,making them more vibrant and visually appealing,especially in low-contrast or washed-out *** filters reduce noise and smooth imperfections followed by silhouette extraction using a statistical *** extraction uses the features from Accelerated Segment Test(FAST),Oriented FAST,and Rotated BRIEF(ORB)*** application of Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA)for feature fusion and discrimination enables high-dimensional data to be effectively analyzed,thus further enhancing the classification *** ensures that the final features loaded into the HMM classifier accurately represent the relevant human *** impressive accuracy rates of 93%and 94.6%achieved in the BIT-Interaction and UT-Interaction datasets respectively,highlight the success and reliability of the proposed *** proposed approach addresses challenges in various domains by focusing on frame improvement,silhouette and feature extraction,feature fusion,and HMM *** enhances data quality,accuracy,adaptability,reliability,and reduction of errors.

关键词： Human interaction recognition HMM classification quadratic discriminant analysis dimensionality reduction

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