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VEIN: High Scalability Routing Algorithm for Blockchain-based Payment Channel networks

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VEIN: High Scalability Routing Algorithm for Blockchain-base...

IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)

作者： Qianyun Gong Chengjin Zhou Le Qi Jianbin Li Jianzhong Zhang Jingdong Xu Institute of Systems and Networks College of Computer Science Nankai University Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Network and Data Security Technology Tianjin China Shijiazhuang Huayan Traffic Technology Co. Ltd.

ISBN: (纸本)9781665416597

The payment channel networks (PCNs), as the main method of blockchain off-chain expansion, have received extensive attention in recent years. Using the PCNs, two unconnected parties in a transaction can forward payments through existing payment channels of other nodes, which dramatically reduces interactions with the blockchain. But in large-scale dynamic PCNs, the routing mechanism is a challenge. Existing PCNs routing algorithms have some limitations. The landmark routing destroys the decentralization of blockchain. The static routing requires nodes having a global view and ultra-high computing power, which can not be applied to light nodes. We propose VEIN, a dynamic multi-path source routing algorithm, which is suitable for not only full nodes but also light nodes. We present an ingenious routing protocol, a modified max-flow algorithm to find edge-disjoint paths, and a path selection algorithm to deal with the NP-hard multi-path selection problem. Extensive experiments show that VEIN increases the transaction success ratio by 34% with the state-of-art algorithm, and realizes multiple orders of magnitude reduction in storage. In addition, we implement a prototype of VEIN on the Ethereum testnet to verify its feasibility.

关键词： Privacy Heuristic algorithms Veins Scalability Conferences Prototypes Routing

Device Activity Detection in mMTC with Low-Resolution ADC: A New Protocol

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Zhaorui Liu, Ya-Feng Wang, Ziyue Liu, Liang Pan, Haoyuan Cui, Shuguang The Future Network of Intelligence Institute The School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen518172 China The State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

This paper investigates the effect of low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) on device activity detection in massive machine-type communications (mMTC). The low-resolution ADCs induce two challenges on the device activity detection compared with the traditional setup with the assumption of infinite ADC resolution. First, the codebook design for signal quantization by the low-resolution ADC is particularly important since a good design of the codebook can lead to small quantization error on the received signal, which in turn has significant influence on the activity detector performance. To this end, prior information about the received signal power is needed, which depends on the number of active devices K. This is sharply different from the activity detection problem in traditional setups, in which the knowledge of K is not required by the BS as a prerequisite. Second, the covariance-based approach achieves good activity detection performance in traditional setups while it is not clear if it can still achieve good performance in this paper. To solve the above challenges, we propose a communication protocol that consists of an estimator for K and a detector for active device identities: 1) For the estimator, the technical difficulty is that the design of the ADC quantizer and the estimation of K are closely intertwined and doing one needs the information/execution from the other. We propose a progressive estimator which iteratively performs the estimation of K and the design of the ADC quantizer;2) For the activity detector, we propose a custom-designed stochastic gradient descent algorithm to estimate the active device identities. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the communication protocol. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Stochastic systems

Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning for Age-of-Information Minimization in IRS-aided and Wireless-powered Wireless networks

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Gong, Shimin Cui, Leiyang Gu, Bo Lyu, Bin Hoang, Dinh Thai Niyato, Dusit The School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen518055 China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education in Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications China The School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

In this paper, we focus on a wireless-powered sensor network coordinated by a multi-antenna access point (AP). Each node can generate sensing information and report the latest information to the AP using the energy harvested from the AP’s signal beamforming. blueWe aim to minimize the average age-of-information (AoI) by adapting the nodes’ transmission scheduling and the transmission control strategies jointly. To reduce the transmission delay, an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is used to enhance the channel conditions by controlling the AP’s beamforming bluevector and the IRS’s phase shifting bluematrix. blueConsidering dynamic data arrivals at different sensing nodes, we propose a hierarchical deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework to bluefor AoI minimization in two steps. The users’ transmission scheduling is firstly determined by the outer-loop DRL approach, e.g. the DQN or PPO algorithm, and then the inner-loop optimization is used to adapt either the uplink information transmission or downlink energy transfer to all nodes. A simple and efficient approximation is also proposed to reduce the blueinner-loop rum time overhead. Numerical results verify that the hierarchical learning framework outperforms typical baselines in terms of the average AoI and proportional fairness among different nodes. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

Multimodal Fusion and Vision-Language Models: A Survey for Robot Vision

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Han, Xiaofeng Chen, Shunpeng Fu, Zenghuang Feng, Zhe Fan, Lue An, Dong Wang, Changwei Guo, Li Meng, Weiliang Zhang, Xiaopeng Xu, Rongtao Xu, Shibiao The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center China

Robot vision has greatly benefited from advancements in multimodal fusion techniques and vision-language models (VLMs). We systematically review the applications of multimodal fusion in key robotic vision tasks, including semantic scene understanding, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), 3D object detection, navigation and localization, and robot manipulation. We compare VLMs based on large language models (LLMs) with traditional multimodal fusion methods, analyzing their advantages, limitations, and synergies. Additionally, we conduct an in-depth analysis of commonly used datasets, evaluating their applicability and challenges in real-world robotic scenarios. Furthermore, we identify critical research challenges such as cross-modal alignment, efficient fusion strategies, real-time deployment, and domain adaptation, and propose future research directions, including self-supervised learning for robust multimodal representations, transformer-based fusion architectures, and scalable multimodal frameworks. Through a comprehensive review, comparative analysis, and forward-looking discussion, we provide a valuable reference for advancing multimodal perception and interaction in robotic vision. A comprehensive list of studies in this survey is available at https://***/Xiaofeng-Han-Res/MF-RV. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supervised learning

An open-source project for real-time image semantic segmentation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2019年第12期62卷 246-247页

作者： Quan ZHOU Yu WANG Jia LIU Xin JIN Longin Jan LATECKI National Engineering Research Center of Communication and Network Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems Beihang University Department of Computer and Information Sciences Temple University

Recent years have witnessed great progress of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for solving scene understanding tasks [1–3]. These advances prefer to construct deeper and larger net-

关键词： image An open-source project for real-time image semantic segmentation

Hardware-Aware In Situ Learning Based on Stochastic Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

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Physical Review Applied 2022年第1期17卷 014016-014016页

作者： Jan Kaiser William A. Borders Kerem Y. Camsari Shunsuke Fukami Hideo Ohno Supriyo Datta Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47906 USA Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University Sendai Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems Tohoku University Sendai Japan Center for Spintronics Research Network Tohoku University Sendai Japan Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics Tohoku University Sendai Japan WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai Japan

One of the big challenges of current electronics is the design and implementation of hardware neural networks that perform fast and energy-efficient machine learning. Spintronics is a promising catalyst for this field with the capabilities of nanosecond operation and compatibility with existing microelectronics. Considering large-scale, viable neuromorphic systems however, variability of device properties is a serious concern. In this paper, we show an autonomously operating circuit that performs hardware-aware machine learning utilizing probabilistic neurons built with stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions. We show that in situ learning of weights and biases in a Boltzmann machine can counter device-to-device variations and learn the probability distribution of meaningful operations such as a full adder. This scalable autonomously operating learning circuit using spintronics-based neurons could be especially of interest for standalone artificial-intelligence devices capable of fast and efficient learning at the edge.

关键词： Spintronics Stochastic inference Synapses Artificial neural networks Magnetic tunnel junctions Stochastic dynamical systems Machine learning

Advancing Chinese biomedical text mining with community challenges

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zong, Hui Wu, Rongrong Cha, Jiaxue Feng, Weizhe Wu, Erman Li, Jiakun Shao, Aibin Tao, Liang Li, Zuofeng Tang, Buzhou Shen, Bairong Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine Department of Critical Care Medicine Institutes for Systems Genetics Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu610041 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Department of Urology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu610041 China Faculty of Business Information Shanghai Business School Shanghai201400 China Takeda Co. Ltd. Shanghai200040 China Department of Computer Science Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Objective: This study aims to review the recent advances in community challenges for biomedical text mining in China. Methods: We collected information of evaluation tasks released in community challenges of biomedical text mining, including task description, dataset description, data source, task type and related links. A systematic summary and comparative analysis were conducted on various biomedical natural language processing tasks, such as named entity recognition, entity normalization, attribute extraction, relation extraction, event extraction, text classification, text similarity, knowledge graph construction, question answering, text generation, and large language model evaluation. Results: We identified 39 evaluation tasks from 6 community challenges that spanned from 2017 to 2023. Our analysis revealed the diverse range of evaluation task types and data sources in biomedical text mining. We explored the potential clinical applications of these community challenge tasks from a translational biomedical informatics perspective. We compared with their English counterparts, and discussed the contributions, limitations, lessons and guidelines of these community challenges, while highlighting future directions in the era of large language models. Conclusion: Community challenge evaluation competitions have played a crucial role in promoting technology innovation and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration in the field of biomedical text mining. These challenges provide valuable platforms for researchers to develop state-of-the-art solutions. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Data description

Biomedical data and AI

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第5期68卷 1536-1540页

作者： Hao Xu Shibo Zhou Zefeng Zhu Vincenzo Vitelli Liangyi Chen Ziwei Dai Ning Yang Luhua Lai Shengyong Yang Sergey Ovchinnikov Zhuoran Qiao Sirui Liu Chen Song Jianfeng Pei Han Wen Jianfeng Feng Yaoyao Zhang Zhengwei Xie Yang-Yu Liu Zhiyuan Li Fulai Jin Hao Li Mohammad Lotfollahi Xuegong Zhang Ge Yang Shihua Zhang Ge Gao Pulin Li Qi Liu Jing-Dong Jackie Han Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (CLS) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Department of Physics University of Chicago School of Life Sciences Southern University of Science and Technology Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lambic Therapeutics Inc. Changping Laboratory Al for Science Institute Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Peking University International Cancer Institute and Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Institute and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterPeking University Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling the Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences School of Medicine and Department of Computer and Data Sciences and Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve University Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California Sanger Institute Department of Automation Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems I

The development of artificial intelligence(AI) and the mining of biomedical data complement each other. From the direct use of computer vision results to analyze medical images for disease screening, to now integrating biological knowledge into models and even accelerating the development of new AI based on biological discoveries, the boundaries of both are constantly expanding, and their connections are becoming closer.

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Fiber-coupler-based microfluidic system for trapping of DNA biomolecules

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Optoelectronics Letters 2019年第6期15卷 476-480页

作者： WU Ji-xuan WANG Qian SONG Bin-bin LIU Bo ZHANG Hao ZHANG Cheng DUAN Shao-xiang BAI Hua Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell Phamaceutica College of Electronic and Information Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and Systems Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Nankai University

A miniature fiber-coupler-based microfluidic system is proposed for trapping of DNA biomolecules. The loop-shaped fiber-coupler is fabricated by using flame tapering technique and integrated in a microfluidic channel. Probe-DNA immobilized on the fiber-coupler surface enables specific recognition of target DNA sequences and effectively facilitates the trapping of target DNA molecules. The binding characteristics of biomolecules on the fiber-coupler surface have been theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. Experimental results indicate that the spectral response of the loop-shaped fiber coupler immobilized with probe DNA exhibits a red-shift with the trapping of the DNA biomolecules. The proposed microfluidic system possesses such desirable merits as simple structure, label-free method and high integration, which make it a promising candidate for applications in molecular biology and related bioengineering areas.

关键词： fiber trapping system