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TrafficNet: A Hybrid CNN-FNN Model for Analysis of Traffic Accidents in Seoul

Journal of Computing Science and engineering 2023年第4期17卷 182-194页

作者： Mustafa, Ghulam Cho, Seong-je Hwang, Youngsup Department of Computer Engineering Sun Moon University Asan Korea Republic of Department of Software Science Dankook University Yongin Korea Republic of

The escalating global trend of traffic accidents with subsequent loss of lives is a matter of grave concern that requires immediate attention. Extensive efforts have been made to mitigate accidents and develop effective prevention strategies. This research paper focuses on a comprehensive analysis of traffic accidents in Seoul, aiming to identify factors and accident types that contribute to increased severity. To achieve this, we introduced a new approach called "TrafficNet: A Hybrid CNN-FNN Model" to evaluate effects of various parameters on the severity of traffic accidents in Seoul. Our main objective was to classify accidents into four distinct levels of severity: minor injuries, slander, fatalities, and injury reports. To assess the effectiveness of our proposed model, we conducted comprehensive experiments using publicly available traffic accident data provided by Seoul Metropolitan Government. These experiments involved six different models, including five machine learning models (decision tree, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, gradient boosting, and support vector machine) and one deep learning model (multilayer perceptron). The proposed model demonstrated exceptional performance, surpassing all other models and previous research findings using the same dataset. On the test dataset, TrafficNet achieved an impressive accuracy of 93.98% with a precision of 94.31%, a recall of 93.98%, and an F1-score of 93.89%. Copyright 2023. The Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers

关键词： Support vector machines

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Dysarthric Speech Recognition: A Comparative Study 12

Dysarthric Speech Recognition: A Comparative Study

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12th International Conference on Speech Technology and Human-computer Dialogue, SpeD 2023

作者： Shah, Dhvani Lal, Vanshika Zhong, Zihan Wang, Qianli Shahamiri, Seyed Reza The University of Auckland Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Auckland New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9798350327977

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are designed to convert spoken words into written text. These systems have the potential to greatly benefit individuals with speech impairments like dysarthria, improving their overall quality of life. However, there are significant challenges that researchers must address in order to develop an effective ASR system for atypical speech, specifically dysarthric speech. Among these challenges are the limited availability of dysarthric speech data and the need for an accurate interpretation model. In this study, we explored the development of dysarthric ASR systems, starting from traditional approaches that were specifically designed to recognize dysarthric speech. We then delve into deep-learning-based ASR systems and modern ASR engines that utilize transformers. Additionally, we highlighted the notable dysarthric speech collections and identified the key factors that impede the performance of dysarthric ASR systems. The findings indicate that although researchers have achieved gradual improvements in performance, further research is required to achieve practical performance levels. Likewise, it is important to establish guidelines and standards to accurately measure and benchmark the performance of dysarthric ASR systems in order to ensure their usefulness and effectiveness in real-world applications. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Speech recognition

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SeerahGPT: Retrieval Augmented Generation based Large Language Model 18

SeerahGPT: Retrieval Augmented Generation based Large Langua...

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18th International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies, ICOSST 2024

作者： Obaid, Surayya Bawany, Narmeen Zakaria Center for Computing Research Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Jinnah Univesity for Women Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508692

Large Language Models(LLMs) have become widely recognized in recent years for their exceptional performance in language generation capabilities. As a result, an unprecedented rise is seen in its use cases in various domains specifically involving Natural Language Processing(NLP). These models however perform suboptimally when exploited in the field of studies where authenticity of the generated content is a critical aspect. One such domain is usage of LLM for exploration of the life of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W(commonly referred to as Seerah). It is of utmost significance to ensure the authenticity and reliability in the sources used and reported by the LLM due to the sensitive nature of the domain. The contemporary LLMs, however, lack the explainability in their response due to their inherent black-box nature. In our study, we have presented a novel LLM named SeerahGPT that addresses this challenge with the help of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). This technique enables the model to utilize both parametric and nonparametric memories for generating response of queries. Our model, built on the Llama-2-7b architecture, employs Sentence Transformer embedding to effectively retrieve relevant information. The model's capabilities are augmented by integrating it with a corpus having Islamic texts such as the Quranic translation and Hadith collections, and historical accounts. The model's performance is benchmarked against its base model using both quantitative and qualitative metrics. The comparative analysis with Llama-2-7b revealed that SeerahGPT incorporation with external knowledge sources, provided more authentic and verifiable responses, despite the others exhibiting greater fluency. Performance metrics such as BLEU, ROUGE, and METEOR indicated SeerahGPT's better accuracy and contextual handling. This study paves way for analysis of such sensitive domains in more efficient way that can be utilized in other complex domains such as Islamic theology and Fiqh or legal

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Cutting-Edge AI-Driven Higher Educational and Career Advisory Platform

Cutting-Edge AI-Driven Higher Educational and Career Advisor...

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2024 International Conference on Innovative Computing, Intelligent Communication and Smart Electrical Systems, ICSES 2024

作者： Dewasurendra, S.V. Udunuwara, U.K.C. Wanniarachchi, T.T. Panditharathne, P.D.R.L. Thelijjagoda, Samantha Dissanayaka, Kapila Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9798331543617

Sri Lankan students, especially those from rural and low-income backgrounds, face significant challenges in accessing higher education, including university applications, career planning, and financial aid. This research introduces an AI-powered platform designed to provide personalized assistance through university course recommendations, career guidance, financial aid information, and AI-generated mock aptitude tests. The platform employs Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for course recommendations, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for career guidance, and a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) model for financial aid navigation. Additionally, AI-driven algorithms with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology support exam preparation. Data from students and universities informed model training, and evaluations showed high accuracy and user satisfaction across components. Results indicated that the platform effectively aligns educational resources with students' academic and career goals, promoting greater educational accessibility and support for underserved Sri Lankan students. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Reconstruct and Match: Out-of-Distribution Robustness via Topological Homogeneity 38

Reconstruct and Match: Out-of-Distribution Robustness via To...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Chen, Chaoqi Tang, Luyao Huang, Hui College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University China School of Informatics Xiamen University China

Since deep learning models are usually deployed in non-stationary environments, it is imperative to improve their robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data. A common approach to mitigate distribution shift is to regularize internal representations or predictors learned from in-distribution (ID) data to be domain invariant. Past studies have primarily learned pairwise invariances, ignoring the intrinsic structure and high-order dependencies of the data. Unlike machines, humans recognize objects by first dividing them into major components and then identifying the topological relation of these components. Motivated by this, we propose Reconstruct and Match (REMA), a general learning framework for object recognition tasks to endow deep models with the capability of capturing the topological homogeneity of objects without human prior knowledge or fine-grained annotations. To identify major components from objects, REMA introduces a selective slot-based reconstruction module to dynamically map dense pixels into a sparse and discrete set of slot vectors in an unsupervised manner. Then, to model high-order dependencies among these components, we propose a hypergraph-based relational reasoning module that models the intricate relations of nodes (slots) with structural constraints. Experiments on standard benchmarks show that REMA outperforms state-of-the-art methods in OOD generalization and test-time adaptation settings. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Federated Learning for Enhanced Intrusion Detection in Smart City Environments 18

Federated Learning for Enhanced Intrusion Detection in Smart...

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18th International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies, ICOSST 2024

作者： Hamid, Soomaiya Bawany, Narmeen Zakaria Jinnah University for Women Center for Computing Research Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508692

The integration of IoT devices in smart cities enhances urban infrastructure, services, and governance but also introduces significant cybersecurity challenges. Traditional centralized Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) face several issues, including data privacy concerns and high-power consumption due to centralized data processing. These challenges increase the risks of unauthorized access, data breaches, and privacy violations, undermining user trust and compliance with privacy regulations. Additionally, the centralization of data and processing leads to higher power consumption, making these systems less sustainable for widespread deployment in smart cities. This research addresses these issues by proposing a Federated Learning (FL)based intrusion detection framework for smart cities. FL enables collaborative and privacy-preserving model training across distributed IoT devices, mitigating the need to share sensitive data centrally. By aggregating local model updates, FL ensures data privacy and distributes the computational workload, significantly reducing power consumption compared to traditional centralized systems. The proposed model leverages advanced AI techniques and is trained using the IoTID20 dataset. The Flower framework, utilizing the FedAvg algorithm, facilitates the federated learning process. Our experimental results demonstrate that the global model achieves 98% accuracy, with individual clients achieving accuracies of around 85% to 98%. This approach provides continuous learning mechanisms, anomaly detection, and ensemble learning capabilities, enhancing the resilience of federated intrusion detection systems against emerging threats and adversarial attacks. This research systematically investigates the application of federated learning for intrusion detection in smart city networks, addressing key challenges and advancing the state-of-the-art in decentralized cybersecurity solutions. The proposed framework offers a robust, scalable, and privacyco

关键词： Federated learning

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Protein-Protein Interaction Sites Prediction Using Graph Convolutional Networks

Protein-Protein Interaction Sites Prediction Using Graph Con...

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2024 International Conference on computer and Applications, ICCA 2024

作者： Alkhateeb, Noor Jamal Awad, Mamoun United Arab Emriates University Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Alain United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350367560

Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are essential in keeping the cells functioning properly. Identifying PPI binding sites is a fundamental problem in system Biology, and it contributes to a better understanding of lower organisms such as viruses, a multitude-drug design and vaccines. The experimental methods for PPI binding sites identification are slow and expensive. Therefore, great research efforts have been attempted to improve the performance of computational methods. In this paper, we use a deep learning model based on Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) to predict putative interaction sites on the surface of an isolated protein. We extracted features from both protein sequence and structure to enhance the accuracy of PPI binding sites predictions. Our model achieved higher accuracy compared to other models. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Empowering Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification with Large Foundation Models 38

Empowering Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification with La...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Hu, Zhangyi Yang, Bin Ye, Mang National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan China

Visible-Infrared Person Re-identification (VI-ReID) is a challenging cross-modal retrieval task due to significant modality differences, primarily resulting from the absence of color information in the infrared modality. The development of large foundation models like Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) motivates us to explore a feasible solution to empower VI-ReID with off-the-shelf large foundation models. To this end, we propose a novel Text-enhanced VI-ReID framework driven by Large Foundation Models (TVI-LFM). The core idea is to enrich the representation of the infrared modality with textual descriptions automatically generated by VLMs. Specifically, we incorporate a pre-trained VLM to extract textual features from texts generated by VLM and augmented by LLM, and incrementally fine-tune the text encoder to minimize the domain gap between generated texts and original visual modalities. Meanwhile, to enhance the infrared modality with extracted textual representations, we leverage modality alignment capabilities of VLMs and VLM-generated feature-level filters. This enables the text model to learn complementary features from the infrared modality, ensuring the semantic structural consistency between the fusion modality and the visible modality. Furthermore, we introduce modality joint learning to align features across all modalities, ensuring that textual features maintain stable semantic representation of overall pedestrian appearance during complementary information learning. Additionally, a modality ensemble retrieval strategy is proposed to leverage complementary strengths of each query modality to improve retrieval effectiveness and robustness. Extensive experiments on three expanded VI-ReID datasets demonstrate that our method significantly improves the retrieval performance, paving the way for the utilization of large foundation models in downstream multi-modal retrieval tasks. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundat

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MonkeyGPT: Generative AI in Network Anomaly Detection of Video Conference Applications 22

MonkeyGPT: Generative AI in Network Anomaly Detection of Vid...

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22nd IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, ISPA 2024

作者： Xu, Junhao He, Dongbiao Zhang, Chen Zhou, Xu Ming, Zhongxing Cui, Laizhong Sangfor Technologies Inc China Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering China China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509712

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has led to the creation of transformative applications such as ChatGPT, which significantly boosts text processing efficiency and diversifies audio, image, and video content. Beyond digital content creation, GAI's capability to analyze complex data distributions holds immense potential for next-generation networks and communications, especially given the swift rise of video conferencing applications (VCAs). This paper presents a dynamic, real-time method for detecting anomalous network links in video conferencing applications. The proposed tool, MonkeyGPT, generates tracing representations of network activity and trains a large language model from scratch to serve as a detection system based on network traffic data. Unlike traditional methods, MonkeyGPT provides an unrestricted search space and does not rely on predefined rules or patterns, enabling it to detect a wider range of anomalies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of MonkeyGPT as an anomaly detection tool in real-world VCAs. The results indicate that the model possesses strong detection capabilities, achieving an accuracy rate of over 97%. It is applicable to various platforms, including Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Tencent Meeting, and Feishu, showcasing its robust adaptability. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Video conferencing

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Student’s Health Exercise Recognition Tool for E-Learning Education

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 149-161页

作者： Tamara al Shloul Madiha Javeed Munkhjargal Gochoo Suliman AAlsuhibany Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Ahmad Jalal Jeongmin Park Department of Humanities and Social Science Al Ain UniversityAl Ain15551UAE Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain15551UAE Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain15551UAE Department of Computer Engineering Korea Polytechnic UniversitySiheung-siGyeonggi-do237Korea

Due to the recently increased requirements of e-learning systems,multiple educational institutes such as kindergarten have transformed their learning towards virtual *** student health exercise is a difficult task but an important one due to the physical education needs especially in young *** proposed system focuses on the necessary implementation of student health exercise recognition(SHER)using a modified Quaternion-basedfilter for inertial data refining and data fusion as the pre-processing ***,cleansed data has been segmented using an overlapping windowing approach followed by patterns identification in the form of static and kinematic signal ***,these patterns have been utilized to extract cues for both patterned signals,which are further optimized using Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis(FLDA)***,the physical exercise activities have been categorized using extended Kalmanfilter(EKF)-based neural *** system can be implemented in multiple educational establishments including intelligent training systems,virtual mentors,smart simulations,and interactive learning management methods.

关键词： E-learning exercise recognition online physical education student’s healthcare

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