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Incremental Instance Segmentation for Cluttered Baggage Threat Detection

Incremental Instance Segmentation for Cluttered Baggage Thre...

IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Virtual Environments for Measurement Systems and Applications

作者： Ammara Nasim Divya Velayudhan Abdelfatah Hassan Ahmed Taimur Hassan Samet Akcay Muhammad Usman Akram Naoufel Werghi Department of Computer and Software Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KUCARS and C2PS Khalifa University UAE Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Abu Dhabi University Abu Dhabi UAE R&D Division Intel Corporation UK

Identification of contraband items from highly oc-cluded baggage of air travelers is a challenging task even for human experts with very high experience. Many researchers have been working rigorously to develop computer vision-based techniques for baggage screening through X-ray images. Nu-merous machine learning and deep learning-based frameworks have been proposed by researchers in the last two decades. However, all of these techniques face limitations in segmenting prohibited items from highly occluded and cluttered baggage. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on semantic segmentation to automatically detect concealed prohibited items from X-ray baggage scans. Furthermore, to detect different overlapping instances of the same contraband item, we propose an instance-aware segmentation model that enables the semantic segmentation model to identify multiple instances of the same threat category through incremental learning without requiring additional overhead. The proposed framework is computationally lighter compared to other similar approaches as it requires min-imal training examples and leverages previous knowledge. The proposed model has outperformed state-of-the-art instance seg-mentation techniques when tested on publicly available GDXray and SIXray datasets, giving mean average precision scores of 0.50 and 0.47, respectively. In addition, the proposed framework leads other instance segmentation baseline models in terms of mean inference time.

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SpaceCube GHOST: A Resilient Processor for Low-Power, High-Reliability Space Computing

SpaceCube GHOST: A Resilient Processor for Low-Power, High-R...

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IEEE Conference on Aerospace

作者： Noah Perryman Nicholas Franconi Gary Crum Christopher Wilson Alan D. George Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NSF Center for Space High-Performance and Resilient Computing (SHREC) University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA Science Data Processing Branch Code 587 Software Engineering Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD

There is a direct need for high-visibility NASA missions that provide significant scientific impact or have a high mission class using completely radiation-hardened (rad-hard) electronics solutions, to enable artificial intelligence (AI) applications in harsh environments despite severe size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints. For these missions, where current state-of-the-art solutions are too power-demanding or are incapable of surviving the intended radiation environment, an alternative rad-hard processing architecture that can leverage the control-flow capabilities of scalar processors while also incorporating the hardware-acceleration capabilities of an FPGA is of significant value. Therefore, in this research, we propose a miniaturized (3.5 in. × 3.5 in. form factor) processor card featuring the GR740 quad-core rad-hard processor and the CertusPro-NX-RT radiation-tolerant FPGA, called the SpaceCube GR740 Host for Onboard Science and Telemetry (GHOST) architecture. The card will be designed to conform to the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) CubeSat Card Specification (CS2), which provides a common template to build new 1U CubeSat-sized cards compatible with a variety of other avionics designs. The GR740 features a fault-tolerant quad- processor LEON4FT SPARC V8 integer unit with a 7-stage pipeline and 4×4 KiB instruction and data caches. To extend the capabilities of the GR740, the CertusPro-NX-RT, a low-power radiation-tolerant FPGA, was combined to create a hybrid system architecture, providing the benefits of a programmable logic fabric. The GHOST architecture supports high-reliability, general-purpose processing and system monitoring via the GR740 while simultaneously increasing the AI-based application performance via a combination of the GR740 and CertusPro-NX-RT.

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Machine Learning Approach for Automatic Categorization of Service Support Requests on University Information Management System

Machine Learning Approach for Automatic Categorization of Se...

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International Conference on Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, INFUS 2020

作者： Onan, Aytuğ Atik, Erdem Yalçın, Adnan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Department of Computer Engineering İzmir Katip Çelebi University İzmir35620 Turkey Graduate School of Natural Sciences Division of Software Engineering İzmir Katip Çelebi University İzmir35620 Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9783030511555

The bug reports and service support requests provided by users to software developers serve as an important source of information for software maintenance. For large software projects, the number of users involved may be high. As a result, large number of service support requests may be generated. In this study, we present a machine learning approach for automatic categorization of service support requests on university information management system of Izmir Katip Celebi University. We have collected a text corpus, which contains 17,831 bug reports and service support requests. On the corpus, preprocessing stages, such as, tokenization, stop word filtering and stemming have been employed. To represent text documents, TF-IDF term weighting scheme has been utilized in conjunction with 1-gram model. In the empirical analysis, five conventional classification algorithms (i.e., Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbor algorithm, C4.5 decision tree algorithm, random forest algorithm and support vector machines) have been taken into consideration. The experimental results indicate that the presented machine learning scheme can yield promising results on assigning service support requests to one of the related modules, as student information system, personnel information system, electronic document management system and scientific research projects system. We achieved a classification accuracy of 92.26% with support vector machines. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Robust Length of Stay Prediction Model for Indoor Patients

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5519-5536页

作者： Ayesha Siddiqa Syed Abbas Zilqurnain Naqvi Muhammad Ahsan Allah Ditta Hani Alquhayz M.A.Khan Muhammad Adnan Khan Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Information Sciences Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information College of Science in ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Riphah School of Computing&Innovation Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab Department of SoftwareGachon UniversitySeongnam13557Korea

Due to unforeseen climate change,complicated chronic diseases,and mutation of viruses’hospital administration’s top challenge is to know about the Length of stay(LOS)of different diseased patients in the *** management does not exactly know when the existing patient leaves the hospital;this information could be crucial for hospital *** could allow them to take more patients for *** a result,hospitals face many problems managing available resources and new patients in getting entries for their prompt ***,a robust model needs to be designed to help hospital administration predict patients’LOS to resolve these *** this purpose,a very large-sized data(more than 2.3 million patients’data)related to New-York Hospitals patients and containing information about a wide range of diseases including Bone-Marrow,Tuberculosis,Intestinal Transplant,Mental illness,Leukaemia,Spinal cord injury,Trauma,Rehabilitation,Kidney and Alcoholic Patients,HIV Patients,Malignant Breast disorder,Asthma,Respiratory distress syndrome,*** been analyzed to predict the *** selected six Machine learning(ML)models named:Multiple linear regression(MLR),Lasso regression(LR),Ridge regression(RR),Decision tree regression(DTR),Extreme gradient boosting regression(XGBR),and Random Forest regression(RFR).The selected models’predictive performance was checked using R square andMean square error(MSE)as the performance evaluation *** results revealed the superior predictive performance of the RFRmodel,both in terms of RS score(92%)and MSE score(5),among all selected *** Exploratory data analysis(EDA),we conclude that maximumstay was between 0 to 5 days with the meantime of each patient 5.3 days and more than 50 years old patients spent more days in the *** on the average LOS,results revealed that the patients with diagnoses related to birth complications spent more days in the hospital than other *** finding coul

关键词： Length of stay machine learning robust model random forest regression

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Optimizing Heart Failure Predictive Accuracy: An Effective Approach Using SMOTE Techniques

Optimizing Heart Failure Predictive Accuracy: An Effective A...

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International Conference on Emerging Trends in Networks and computer Communications (ETNCC)

作者： Ahmed Baber Faizan Ahmed Attique Ur Rehman Sabeen Javaid Menwa Alshammeri Azka Mir Deepak Kumar Department of Software Engineering University of Sialkot Sialkot Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences Al Jouf University Saudia Arabia Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara KKR and KSR institute of technology and sciences Guntur Andhra Pradesh

ISBN: (数字)9798350353266

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353273

Heart failure occurs when the heart's lower cham-bers (ventricles) weaken and can't pump blood effectively. The heart contains 2 ventricles that are left and right. When left ventricular failure occurs, it causes shortness of breath and fatigue, and when right ventricular failure occurs, it causes peripheral and abdominal fluid accumulation. Heart failure is a disorder in breathing and oxygen supply to the whole body. As we know, Heart is responsible for circulating blood all over the body parts. When it stops pumping, blood can no longer circulate effectively causing fluid to build up in the lungs causing difficulty in breathing and in the legs, causing swelling. The fluid buildup can cause shortness of breath and swelling of the legs and feet. As a result, fluctuation in breathing takes place and, in the end, the patient dies. This study investigates the use of machine learning tools, like k-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, and Random Forests, to identify heart failure. We are proposing a model for Heart Failure Prediction using a machine learning algorithm and a dataset to determine the performance in terms of accuracy. As a result, the Random Forest classifier along with the SMOTE operator provides the highest accuracy of 91.12%, precision of 87.88%, recall of 95.39%, and F1 measure of 91.48% among the models considered. This research is a very important contribution to healthcare for effective predictions of this disease, as the number of patients is increasing day by day. The results hold significance for future modifications too in medical diagnostics and helping material for more accurate detection methodologies.

关键词： Heart Legged locomotion Accuracy Fluids Machine learning algorithms Pumps Nearest neighbor methods Cardiovascular diseases Random forests Blood

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Evaluation of Valued Tolerance Rough Set and Decision Rules Method for WiFi-Based Indoor Localization in Different Environments

Evaluation of Valued Tolerance Rough Set and Decision Rules ...

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Network, ICISN 2023

作者： Duong-Bao, Ninh He, Jing Thi, Luong Nguyen Lee, Seon-Woo Nguyen-Huu, Khanh College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha410082 China Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics Dalat University Dalat66100 Viet Nam Faculty of Information Technology Dalat University Dalat66100 Viet Nam Division of Software Hallym University Chuncheon24252 Korea Republic of Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Dalat University Dalat66100 Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9789819947249

Among various technologies being applied for indoor localization, WiFi has become a common source of information to determine the pedestrian’s position due to the widespread of WiFi access points in indoor environments. However, the fluctuation of the WiFi signals makes it difficult to achieve a good localization result. In this paper, to handle this problem, the valued tolerance rough set and decision rules method (VTRS-DR), which is firstly registered to WiFi fingerprinting-based localization, will be implemented and evaluated in big and complicated environments using two public datasets. The first one was conducted by a subject using a smartphone at a multi-floor library for several months. Furthermore, to evaluate the localization accuracy when WiFi data was collected from different pedestrians as well as different smartphones, a crowdsourced WiFi fingerprinting dataset was utilized. From the deep analyses of localization results, the VTRS-DR method shows high accuracy and high robustness when testing in different environments with a mean error of 3.84 m, which is 27.87% lower than other compared methods. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Smartphones

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A Blockchain-Based Distributed Collaborative Sensing and Spectrum Access Approach for Consumer Electronics

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Peng, Yuhuai Li, Yuan Guo, Yu Zhang, Dawei Khan, Fazlullah Alturki, Ryan Alshawi, Bandar Northeastern University College of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China Zhiyuan Research Institute Xihu District Hangzhou China Zhengzhou University School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Henan Zhengzhou450001 China University of Nottingham Ningbo China School of Computer Science Faculty of Science and Engineering Zhejiang Ningbo315104 China KKR and KSR Institute of Technology and Sciences Department of Computer Science and Engineering Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara India University Centre of Research and Development Chandigarh University Mohali India Umm Al-Qura University Department of Software Engineering College of Computing Makkah Saudi Arabia Umm Al-Qura University College of Computing Department of Computer and Network Engineering Makkah Saudi Arabia

Cognitive radio (CR) provides key technical support for the seamless communication of consumer electronic (CE) devices through distributed cooperative sensing and spectrum access. However, its openness and dynamic nature introduce potential security risks and challenges. Due to the openness of wireless communication, spectrum sensing and access are vulnerable to malicious attacks, and resource-constrained devices cannot effectively implement artificial intelligence (AI)-driven encryption and access control strategies. To address these limitations, this study proposes a blockchain-based distributed collaborative sensing method for CE devices. In the proposed method, after sensing, the smart contracts verify node legitimacy using the ring signature method. The malicious users are rejected by the outlier detection method, which improves the collaborative anti-interference ability. In addition, by using a centralized training and distributed execution architecture, a secure spectrum sensing strategy based on multi-agent reinforcement learning is designed. The proposed strategy ensures that each node makes independent decisions, which enhances the adaptability of the CE ecosystem. The proposed method is verified by extensive simulations, and the results show that it can maintain spectrum awareness of more than 95.72% and an access success rate of 91.19% under malicious attacks. Moreover, communication overhead is significantly reduced by approximately 93.53%. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Comparison of Multi-Phase Power Converters and Power Delivery Networks for Next-Generation Space Architectures

Comparison of Multi-Phase Power Converters and Power Deliver...

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IEEE Conference on Aerospace

作者： Nicholas Franconi Thomas Cook Christopher Wilson Alan D. George NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Science Data Processing Branch Code 587 Software Engineering Division Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NSF Center for Space High-Performance and Resilient Computing (SHREC) University of Pittsburgh

Next-generation spacecraft developers are earnestly investigating the application of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms onboard to enable new mission concepts for space exploration and science. However, the current generation of radiation-hardened processors are inferior compared to commercial-off-the-shelf alternatives in terms of the computational performance required by modern AI applications. To address this disparity, space-system designers have started employing novel radiation-tolerant architectures combining both commercial and radiation-hardened components to mitigate radiation effects at a system level. Unfortunately, developing single-board computers with radiation-tolerant, high-performance processors is challenging because designers must balance the sparce selection of radiation-hardened power converters and high-reliability decoupling capacitors with SmallSat/CubeSat area constraints and limited thermal conduction. Consequently, the next-generation of space processors, including the AMD-Xilinx Versal Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform require demanding power solutions capable of supplying core rails with 0.8V ± 18mV and currents up to 150 A. In this paper, we present a multifaceted analysis of the power system and decoupling network for a future Versal-based design. We developed preliminary power estimates based on expected processor and FPGA resource utilization for common AI processing applications. These estimates drive the power system requirements and a comparative analysis of single-phase integrated converters and multi-phase discrete converters for high-current FPGA supplies. We develop a tradespace between the number of phases, input voltage, load current, switching frequency, power efficiency, and printed circuit board area. Finally, we design and simulate four power delivery networks based on commercial, high-reliability, and flight-qualified capacitors to compare the efficacy of 0201 decoupling capacitors in flight missions.

关键词： Rails Program processors Capacitors Voltage Power systems Resource management Artificial intelligence

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Fused Fuzzy Deep Learning and Information Steganography for Privacy Preservation in Medical Consumer Electronics

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Chen, Jingxue Zhao, Pengbiao Deng, Erqiang Khan, Fazlullah Alturki, Ryan Alshawi, Bandar Xiong, Hu School of Information and Software Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China the School of Computer Science Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China Zhejiang Ningbo315104 China the KKR and KSR institute of technology and sciences Andhra Pradesh Guntur India the Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara India the University Centre of Research and Development Chandigarh University Mohali India the Department of Computer and Network Engineering College of Computing Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia the Department of Software Engineering College of Computing Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia

—Medical Consumer Electronics (MCE) have greatly facilitated people’s lives, allowing patients to obtain personal medical information including medical images. These medical images obtained from MCE need to be processed using segmentation, diagnosis, recognition to obtain useful information. Deep learning plays an important role in medical image segmentation and recognition. However, other personal information about the patient, such as previous cases, is often required to determine the final diagnosis. However, sending personal information and medical images generated through MCE to the clinic directly exposes patient privacy. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a digital medical image privacy protection framework based on information steganography with fuzzy deep learning. The proposed framework transforms patient privacy information into invisible noise and hides it in the deep covert space of the image. This method plays a crucial role in ensuring patient privacy and data security. Furthermore, this method can ensure a high level of image segmentation accuracy that supports the development of personalized medical services. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can embed patient information in medical images without affecting the segmentation task, and effectively protect privacy. Finally, the proposed framework provides new possibilities and impetus for the popularization of MCE. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Towards Cluster-Based Split Federated Learning Approach for Continuous User Authentication 7

Towards Cluster-Based Split Federated Learning Approach for ...

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7th Cyber Security in Networking Conference, CSNet 2023

作者： Wazzeh, Mohamad Arafeh, Mohamad Ould-Slimane, Hakima Talhi, Chamseddine Mourad, Azzam Otrok, Hadi Department of Software and It Engineering Montreal Canada Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Trois-Rivières Canada Cyber Security Systems and Applied Ai Research Center Lebanese American University Department of Csm Beirut Lebanon New York University Division of Science Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Khalifa University Department of Eecs Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350342871

In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, ensuring the security of systems requires continuous authentication over sessions and comprehensive access management during user interaction with a device. With the increasing use of smartphones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Split Learning (SL) and Federated Learning (FL) have emerged as promising technologies that can tackle the authentication problem while protecting the user's private data. The SL distributed technology enables users with limited resources to complete neural network model training with server assistance, lessening the computational burden from the client side. In addition, FL aims to combine knowledge between different nodes collaboratively. The privacy and security of the user's data are ensured in both approaches, as only the models' weights are shared with a server. This study employs a cluster-based approach using split learning and federated learning techniques to improve the efficiency and robustness of training Machine Learning (ML) models. We compare the approaches' performance to baseline methods and demonstrate their advantages using the UMDAA-02-FD face detection and MNIST datasets. Our findings show that combining both technologies achieves high accuracy in continuous authentication scenarios while maintaining user privacy. These results highlight the importance of SL and FL in cybersecurity, enabling continuous authentication and demonstrating their potential to revolutionize how we address security. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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