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2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024

作者： Anekal, Latha Williamson, Sheldon Ontario Tech University Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Oshawa Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376067

Understanding the thermal behaviour of lithiumion batteries (LIBs) with aging and degradation is crucial for developing an effective thermal management system and state-of-temperature estimation technique ensuring higher levels of accuracy over the entire battery cycle. The aging and degradation of LIBs are greatly affected by operating temperatures and battery degradation in turn increases the battery reversible and irreversible heat generation. This study deduces the relationship between aging parameters and temperature rise through cycling under normal operating temperatures using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The critical analysis of the temperature and EIS data shows that the equilibrium temperature has increased by 6°C with cycling due to the associated impedance rise. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Battery management systems

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Protection Schemes of Solid State Transformers for Different Fault Conditions 4

Protection Schemes of Solid State Transformers for Different...

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4th International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, SGRE 2024

作者： Lulbadda, Kushan Tharuka Seram, Ruvini De Sidhu, Tarlochan Williamson, Sheldon S. Ontario Tech University Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Oshawa Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306262

The idea of a Solid-State Transformer (SST) has received much interest recently and is being thoroughly explored for use in the electrical system by replacing the traditional low-frequency transformer (LFT) using high-frequency isolated ACAC conversion. The SSTs are able to offer several additional functions than the traditional LFT. As the SST concept becomes popular among the power system, the safety of the system becomes vulnerable. The SST is made of a collection of several power electronic switches which has less reliability in general. Several kinds of faults can be caused by this issue like overcurrent, overvoltage, and overtemperature. These main issues are generally discussed in this paper to give a better idea of the faults that can happen in the system due to the integration of SSTs. In order to protect the SST a specific protection scheme must be needed. Further, it must have the ability to protect the system from disturbances coursed by the integration of SST. There are several protection schemes are available in the literature for the purpose of protecting the SST. Most of them are designed based on traditional power systems which are equipped with the LFTs. A few of them are discussed in this paper with their schematic diagrams to give a better understanding. The main focus of these protection systems is the protection of power electronic switches which will discussed in detail in this paper. Therefore, this paper will be a huge benefit for the researchers who are working on designing the protection systems for SST. Further, this paper will highlight the research areas that need more focus from a protection perspective. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power system protection

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A Quad-Active Bridge (QAB)-Based Solid-State Transformer for Fast Charging of Light/Medium and Heavy Electric Vehicles 25

A Quad-Active Bridge (QAB)-Based Solid-State Transformer for...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Industrial technology, ICIT 2024

作者： De Seram, Ruvini Lulbadda, Kushan Tharuka Sidhu, Tarlochan Williamson, Sheldon S. Ontario Tech University Department Of Electrical Computer And Software Engineering Oshawa Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340266

Integrating electric vehicle (EV) fast charging stations with the medium voltage (MV) grid using a solid-state transformer (SST) has attracted more interest from researchers due to the reduced size and the smart functionalities it offers for maintaining the stability and power quality of the grid. However, the modular structure of SST requires many power converters and high-frequency transformers in the isolated DC/DC converter stage which again increases the space of the charging station. This paper proposes a design of an SST-based EV charging station using a quadruple-active-bridge (QAB) as the isolated DC/DC converter and investigates the power density enhancement compared to the dual-active-bridge (DAB)-based system. The proposed charging station can charge different EVs with different battery voltages (800V, 400V, and 200V) and capacities. The performance is validated by simulating a 1MVA, 10kV EV charging station using MATLAB. The control architecture and a detailed analysis of the system are included in the paper. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Bridges

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Temporal Sensitivity Analysis for Enhanced Dynamic Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries in On-board Battery Management Systems 50

Temporal Sensitivity Analysis for Enhanced Dynamic Equivalen...

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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Huynh, Alvin Samanta, Akash Williamson, Sheldon Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Ontario Tech University Oshawa Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

State-of-the-art lithium-ion battery state estimation techniques, including state-of-charge, state-of-health, and remaining useful life in battery management systems (BMS), are extensively dependent on equivalent electric circuit model (ECM) parameters. ECM parameters are subject to change due to battery aging, changes in operating temperature, and other operating conditions. Therefore, updating the model parameters in real-time by on-board BMS is essential to maintain the accuracy of state estimation where ECM is used as the primary building block. ECM parameters obtained in laboratory conditions cannot guarantee accuracy in onboard BMS throughout the entire life cycle of an electric vehicle battery. Currently, onboard state estimation techniques use static ECM parameters due to complexity and computational time in parameterization and online computation, especially with higher-order ECMs. Therefore, this paper presents a comparative analysis of 2-RC, 3-RC, and 4-RC ECMs concerning parameterization time, computational cost, and accuracy, providing an understanding of the possible integration of dynamic ECM models through regular parameterization in onboard BMS. The sensitivity analysis depicts that the 3-RC model would be most appropriate for considerably high accuracy for a BMS with moderate computational power, ensuring safe and reliable state estimation throughout the lifetime of the battery. Moreover, with the changes in ambient conditions, as the sensitivity of R2 and C2 are much lower compared to other parameters thus, these do not need update with the changes in operating temperature. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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Analyzing the Behavior of Solid State Protection System for Dual Active Bridge in Solid State Transformers Under Short Circuit Faults

Analyzing the Behavior of Solid State Protection System for ...

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2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024

作者： Lulbadda, Kushan Tharuka De Seram, Ruvini Sidhu, Tarlochan Williamson, Sheldon S. Ontario Tech University Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Oshawa Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376067

DC microgrids equipped with solid-state transformers (SST) offer a contemporary alternative to traditional low-frequency transformers (LFT) by increasing the system's power density. The SST consists of a front-end AC/DC converter and a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) as the two major components. However, the protection of the SSTs is still under minor development as they need a fast and reliable protection system. Solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) are becoming more popular in DC power systems due to the need for protection at ultrafast speed. The main objective of this article is to analyze the performance of the SSCB-based protection system for DAB during short circuit faults. PLECS simulation environment has been used to simulate and analyze the protection system's reaction to short circuit failures. A 1kW SSCB integrated DAB has been implemented in testing with actual hardware to validate the simulation results. The SSCB-based protection system achieves a remarkably high speed tripping time of 340μs. For a better understanding of the system, the behavior of the SSCB during a short circuit has been demonstrated at 50V by achieving a response time of 55.4μs. Moreover, the system is tested for different voltage levels to demonstrate the response time. This illustrates how the SSCB can safeguard SST quickly and effectively, improving safety and reliability. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Transformer protection

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Line Graph is the Key: An Exploration of Line Graph on Link Prediction with Social Networks 11

Line Graph is the Key: An Exploration of Line Graph on Link ...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing, BESC 2024

作者： Xing, Chen Makrehchi, Masoud Ontario Tech University Dept. of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Oshawa Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531904

Network data plays a crucial role in various real-world applications, as connections between entities can be represented and analyzed through graphs. These include various types, such as social, information, and technical networks. However, the complex topologies of these networks present challenges in converting graph data into machine-readable vector formats. Existing models, such as Graph Neural Networks, Graph Attention Networks, and node2vec, have made strides in graph embeddings. For edge-related tasks, models such as node2vec typically use indirect methods like concatenating node vectors to represent edges. This approach is useful for tasks like link prediction. In this paper, we present LineDi2vec, a novel approach that improves the Node2vec embedding method by utilizing a line graph. The proposed LineDi2vec not only generalizes the original graphs, transforming the relationships between edges and nodes but also maintains the original graphs' topological integrity for effective node embedding by Node2vec. We evaluated LineDi2vec on four real-world datasets, focusing on link prediction. The results demonstrate that LineDi2vec outperforms traditional node concatenation methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Graph embeddings

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Optimal Slot Utilization in IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH Networks using Reinforcement Learning 35

Optimal Slot Utilization in IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH Networks usi...

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35th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC 2024

作者： Ara, Tarana Liscano, Ramiro Ontario Tech University Dept. of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Oshawa Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362244

This paper presents an innovative MAC scheduling algorithm to achieve energy savings in IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH sensor networks leveraging reinforcement learning to determine an optimal number of slots to keep active in order to maintain a specific packet delivery ratio for the network. The goal is to turn off slots in the 802.15.4e TSCH frame that are not highly utilized. Each node determines the slots that should be deactivated based on a threshold Q value. This scheduling strategy allows the nodes to conserve energy effectively by finding the optimal active timeslots for both transmission and reception. This algorithm we name it as RAST Reinforcement-based Slot utilization technique) algorithm. Through extensive simulations and evaluations across various network configurations, the RAST algorithm reveals a significant packet delivery ratio improvement as compared to Orchestra utilizing less active slots. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Scheduling algorithms

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CORNERING CHARACTERISTICS OF A PASSENGER CAR TIRE USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

CORNERING CHARACTERISTICS OF A PASSENGER CAR TIRE USING FINI...

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ASME 2024 International Design engineering technical Conferences and computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2024

作者： Fathi, Haniyeh El-Sayegh, Zeinab Ren, Jing Department of Automotive and Mechatronics Engineering Ontario Tech University OshawaON Canada Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Ontario Tech University OshawaON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888339

This paper delves into the cornering characteristics of a passenger car tire on a hard surface across diverse operating conditions. Specifically, it employs finite element analysis to model a 235/55R19 passenger car tire, utilizing multiple layers to simulate the tread, sidewall, cap ply, beads, rim, and carcass. The Mooney-Rivlin material model is utilized to accurately capture the hyperelastic behavior of the tire rubber compound. To ensure precision, the tire model undergoes rigorous verification in both static and dynamic scenarios against manufacturer-provided data. Verification includes assessing longitudinal, lateral, and vertical stiffness, alongside the first mode of vibration. Subsequently, the verified tire model is employed to explore the dynamics of tire-road interaction during cornering maneuvers. This investigation encompasses varying operating conditions such as vertical load (3 kN, 5 kN, and 8 kN), inflation pressure (172 kPa, 228 kPa, 352 kPa), and slip angles (ranging from 0 to 12 degrees). Moreover, the effect of high speed was captured on the cornering stiffness and cornering force. It concluded that the cornering force is very sensitive to the vertical load at large slip angles (higher than 4 degrees). Moreover, it was investigated that the cornering stiffness value is directly affected by the inflation pressure. The outcomes of this research are anticipated to yield valuable insights into the analysis of passenger car tire-road interaction, with implications for further testing and refinement of rubber compound material models. © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Passenger cars

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Digitally Controlled Misalignment-Tolerant Inductive Power Transfer System with Adaptive Hybrid Compensation for CC/CV Charging of E-Scooter 14

Digitally Controlled Misalignment-Tolerant Inductive Power T...

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14th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC 2025

作者： Shrestha, Niranjan Oruganti, V. S. R. Varaprasad Williamson, Sheldon Ontario Tech University Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering Oshawa Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516116

This paper presents a digitally controlled Inductive power transfer (IPT) system for charging Electric scooters (E-scooters), utilising an adaptive hybrid compensation network design. This system ensures constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charging, with misalignment. It leverages the advantages of double-sided inductor-capacitor-capacitor (DS-LCC) and LCC-series (LCC-S) topologies, which respectively provide CC and CV output. A Type-II digital anti-windup PI control method with a selectable compensation network is introduced, allowing both CC and CV modes to operate with zero voltage switching (ZVS) under misalignment conditions. This approach reduces system losses and enhances the stability and efficiency of the IPT system. A 270W/85-kHz IPT-based E-scooter charger was designed and simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, and an experimental prototype was developed to evaluate the performance of the proposed charger as per SAE J2954 standards. Testing under three different coupling conditions perfect alignment, 5 cm misalignment, and 10 cm misalignment demonstrated that the output parameters remained constant across all conditions, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed control technique. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Zero voltage switching

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A multi-mode real-time system verification model using efficient event-driven dataset

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2024年第2期15卷 1187-1200页

作者： Islam, Nayreet Azim, Akramul Department of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering University of Ontario Institute of Technology Oshawa Canada

Real-time systems experience many safety and performance issues at run time due to different uncertainties in the environment. Systems are now becoming highly interactive and must be able to execute in a changing environment without experiencing any failure. A real-time system can have multiple modes of operation such as safety and performance. The system can satisfy its safety and performance requirements by switching between the modes at run time. It is essential for the designers to ensure that a multi-mode real-time system operates in the expected mode at run time. In this paper, we present a verification model that identifies the expected mode at run time and checks whether the multi-mode real-time system is operating in the correct mode or not. To determine the expected mode, we present a monitoring module that checks the environment of the system, identifies different real-world occurrences as events, determines their properties and creates an event-driven dataset for failure analysis. The dataset consumes less memory in comparison to the raw input data obtained from the monitored environment. The event-driven dataset also facilitates onboard decision-making because the dataset allows the system to perform a safety analysis by determining the probability of failure in each environmental situations. We use the probability of failure of the system to determine the safety mode in different environmental situations. To demonstrate the applicability of our proposed scheme, we design and implement a real-time traffic monitoring system that has two modes: safety, and performance. The experimental analysis of our work shows that the verification model can identify the expected operating mode at run time based on the safety (probability of failure) and performance (usage) requirements of the system as well as allows the system to operate in performance mode (in 3295 out of 3421 time intervals) and safety mode (in 126 out of 3421 time intervals). The experimental resul

关键词： Real time systems

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