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Question Selection for Multi-Modal Code Search Synthesis using Probabilistic Version Spaces

IEEE Transactions on software Engineering 2025年第6期51卷 1724-1744页

作者： Wu, Jiarong Jiang, Yanyan Wei, Lili Xu, Congying Cheung, Shing-Chi Xu, Chang The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong McGill University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Montreal Canada Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing China

Searching the occurrences of specific code patterns (code search) is a common task in software engineering, and programming by example (PBE) techniques have been applied to ease customizing code patterns. However, previous PBE tools only synthesize programs meeting the input-output examples, which may not always align with the user intent. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes Excalibur, a multi-modal (example and natural language description) and interactive synthesizer for code search. Excalibur ensures that the generated programs are correct for the provided examples (soundness) and include the user-intended program (bounded completeness). Furthermore, Excalibur helps the user identify the user-intended program through question-answer interaction. To minimize the required interaction efforts, question selection is crucial. To improve question selection for code search, we propose probabilistic version spaces (ProbVS), in which the user-intended program’s probability is high and others are low. ProbVS combines traditional version spaces for compactly representing extensive programs and large language models (on the user-provided natural language description) for adjusting programs’ probabilities to align with users’ intents. Extensive experiments on a benchmark of 44 tasks demonstrated the effectiveness of Excalibur and ProbVS and demystified how ProbVS affects probability distributions and how the configurable parameters affect ProbVS. © 1976-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Normal distribution

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A survey on cross-user federated recommendation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 7-32页

作者： Enyue YANG Yudi XIONG Wei YUAN Weike PAN Qiang YANG Zhong MING College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland WeBank AI Lab WeBank Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)

Recommender systems are effective in mitigating information overload, yet the centralized storage of user data raises significant privacy concerns. Cross-user federated recommendation(CUFR) provides a promising distributed paradigm to address these concerns by enabling privacy-preserving recommendations directly on user devices. In this survey, we review and categorize current progress in CUFR, focusing on four key aspects: privacy, security, accuracy, and efficiency. Firstly,we conduct an in-depth privacy analysis, discuss various cases of privacy leakage, and then review recent methods for privacy protection. Secondly, we analyze security concerns and review recent methods for untargeted and targeted *** untargeted attack methods, we categorize them into data poisoning attack methods and parameter poisoning attack methods. For targeted attack methods, we categorize them into user-based methods and item-based methods. Thirdly,we provide an overview of the federated variants of some representative methods, and then review the recent methods for improving accuracy from two categories: data heterogeneity and high-order information. Fourthly, we review recent methods for improving training efficiency from two categories: client sampling and model compression. Finally, we conclude this survey and explore some potential future research topics in CUFR.

关键词： cross-user federated recommendation federated recommendation federated learning recommender systems user privacy

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Pairwise tagging framework for end-to-end emotion-cause pair extraction

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Frontiers of computer Science 2023年第2期17卷 111-120页

作者： Zhen WU Xinyu DAI Rui XIA National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization Nanjing 210023China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210023China

Emotion-cause pair extraction(ECPE)aims to extract all the pairs of emotions and corresponding causes in a *** generally contains three subtasks,emotions extraction,causes extraction,and causal relations detection between emotions and *** works adopt pipelined approaches or multi-task learning to address the ECPE ***,the pipelined approaches easily suffer from error propagation in real-world *** multi-task learning cannot optimize all tasks globally and may lead to suboptimal extraction *** address these issues,we propose a novel framework,Pairwise Tagging Framework(PTF),tackling the complete emotion-cause pair extraction in one unified tagging *** prior works,PTF innovatively transforms all subtasks of ECPE,i.e.,emotions extraction,causes extraction,and causal relations detection between emotions and causes,into one unified clause-pair tagging *** this unified tagging task,we can optimize the ECPE task globally and extract more accurate emotion-cause *** validate the feasibility and effectiveness of PTF,we design an end-to-end PTF-based neural network and conduct experiments on the ECPE benchmark *** experimental results show that our method outperforms pipelined approaches significantly and typical multi-task learning approaches.

关键词： emotion-cause pair extraction pairwise tagging framework end-to-end neural network

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New Proper Reparameterization of Plane Rational Bézier Curves

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Journal of computer Science & technology 2024年第5期39卷 1193-1206页

作者： Zhen-Fei Wang Xiao-Diao Chen Jun-Hai Yong School of Computer Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Haihe Laboratory of Information Technology Application Innovation Tianjin 300480China School of Software Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Coincidence detection of two curves or two surfaces has wide application in computer-aided design(CAD)and computer-aided geometric design(CAGD).Proper reparameterization is the most complicated part in the *** paper presents and proves the efficient and necessary coincidence condition for two rational Bézier curves in a new *** also proposes an effective and efficient proper reparameterization method,Algorithm 1,for detecting a rational Bézier curve which can be degenerated into a new one of a lower degree.A numerical proper reparameterization method,Algorithm 2,and examples are also *** 1 is up to ten times faster than other prevailing methods,and Algorithm 2 is twice as fast and half as close as other prevailing *** CAD systems using Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 will hold accuracy and little computation time.

关键词： rational Bézier curve coincidence condition control polygon degeneration proper reparameterization

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Multi-Task Visual Semantic Embedding Network for Image-Text Retrieval

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Journal of computer Science & technology 2024年第4期39卷 811-826页

作者： Xue-Yang Qin Li-Shuang Li Jing-Yao Tang Fei Hao Mei-Ling Ge Guang-Yao Pang School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China School of Computer Engineering Weifang UniversityWeifang 261061China Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Intelligent Industry Software Wuzhou UniversityWuzhou 543002 China

Image-text retrieval aims to capture the semantic correspondence between images and texts,which serves as a foundation and crucial component in multi-modal recommendations,search systems,and online *** mainstream methods primarily focus on modeling the association of image-text pairs while neglecting the advantageous impact of multi-task learning on image-text *** this end,a multi-task visual semantic embedding network(MVSEN)is proposed for image-text ***,we design two auxiliary tasks,including text-text matching and multi-label classification,for semantic constraints to improve the generalization and robustness of visual semantic embedding from a training ***,we present an intra-and inter-modality interaction scheme to learn discriminative visual and textual feature representations by facilitating information flow within and between ***,we utilize multi-layer graph convolutional networks in a cascading manner to infer the correlation of image-text *** results show that MVSEN outperforms state-of-the-art methods on two publicly available datasets,Flickr30K and MSCOCO,with rSum improvements of 8.2%and 3.0%,respectively.

关键词： image-text retrieval cross-modal retrieval multi-task learning graph convolutional network

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An Understandable Cross-Chain Authentication Mechanism for JointCloud Computing

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Journal of computer Science and technology 2025年 1-16页

作者： Jiang, Feng Wang, Huai-Min Shi, Pei-Chang Fu, Xiang Feng, Liao-Liao Li, Rui Lin, Mo-Heng College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China China State Key Laboratory of Complex and Critical Software Environment Changsha410073 China

JointCloud computing is a new computing paradigm that supports cloud services to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. A key component of this model is the JointCloud computing distributed ledger, which ensures trust among cloud entities with diverse interests by providing digital space evidence. Blockchain forms the foundation of this framework, and its adoption is growing in various fields to optimize workflows. However, challenges related to blockchain interoperability and cross-chain data authentication remain unresolved, hindering the broader establishment of trust among cloud entities. This paper focuses on the specific scenario of cross-chain data authentication and provides a secure and easy-to-deploy solution. Drawing on the concepts of relay chain and notary mechanism in cross-chain methods, our solution leverages smart contracts and on-chain proofs to ensure security, thereby reducing the reliance on relay nodes. In cases of data falsification, our method offers mechanisms for accountability and data revocation, further enhancing security. Additionally, participating blockchains do not need to alter their data structures or network compositions for authentication, which makes the solution easy to deploy. Experimental results demonstrate that our design can be easily deployed on both homogeneous and heterogeneous blockchains. While maintaining performance comparable to existing solutions, it significantly enhances system security. In the event of data falsification, the solution can quickly hold individuals accountable and eliminate the impact of falsified data, reducing the time to mitigate the impact by half compared with other solutions. © Institute of Computing technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2025.

关键词： Interoperability

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DTCC:Multi-level dilated convolution with transformer for weakly-supervised crowd counting

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Computational Visual Media 2023年第4期9卷 859-873页

作者： Zhuangzhuang Miao Yong Zhang Yuan Peng Haocheng Peng Baocai Yin Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology Beijing Institute of Artificial IntelligenceFaculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Taiji Computer Corporation Ltd. China

Crowd counting provides an important foundation for public security and urban *** to the existence of small targets and large density variations in crowd images,crowd counting is a challenging *** methods usually apply convolution neural networks(CNNs)to regress a density map,which requires annotations of individual persons and ***-supervised methods can avoid detailed labeling and only require counts as annotations of images,but existing methods fail to achieve satisfactory performance because a global perspective field and multi-level information are usually *** propose a weakly-supervised method,DTCC,which effectively combines multi-level dilated convolution and transformer methods to realize end-to-end crowd *** main components include a recursive swin transformer and a multi-level dilated convolution regression *** recursive swin transformer combines a pyramid visual transformer with a fine-tuned recursive pyramid structure to capture deep multi-level crowd features,including global *** multi-level dilated convolution regression head includes multi-level dilated convolution and a linear regression head for the feature extraction *** module can capture both low-and high-level features simultaneously to enhance the receptive *** addition,two regression head fusion mechanisms realize dynamic and mean fusion *** on four well-known benchmark crowd counting datasets(UCF_CC_50,ShanghaiTech,UCF_QNRF,and JHU-Crowd++)show that DTCC achieves results superior to other weakly-supervised methods and comparable to fully-supervised methods.

关键词： crowd counting transformer dilated convolution global perspective field pyramid

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Reflective clothing detection based on YOLOv5s fused with SE attention mechanism

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International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems 2025年第1期17卷 9-16页

作者： Wang, Yuanyuan Gu, Dingyun Zhu, Yemeng Zhang, Zhihan Cao, Jiahui Zhang, Haiyan School of Computer and Software Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian223001 China Engineering Laboratory of Mobile Interconnection Technology for Internet of Things Jiangsu Province Huai’an Huaian City223001 China

This paper proposes a YOLOv5s deep learning algorithm incorporating the SE attention mechanism to address the issue of workers failing to wear reflective clothing on duty, which has resulted in casualties from time to time. The YOLOv5s model is used to train the reflective clothing dataset obtained by collecting images of construction sites, and the SE attention mechanism module is added to the network structure of YOLOv5 for improved performance. The reflective clothing detection algorithm is then deployed to the web for real-time detection. The experimental results show that the algorithm achieves mAP value of 96.70% with the SE attention module, resulting in an accuracy improvement of 1.09% compared to the model without the SE module. This enables practical applications to reduce the incidence of construction accidents at construction sites. Coрyright © 2025 Inderscience Enterрrises Ltd.

关键词： attention mechanism flask reflective clothing detection vue YOLOv5

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Self-Supervised Exploration via Temporal Inconsistency in Reinforcement Learning

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第11期5卷 5530-5539页

作者： Gao, Zijian Xu, Kele Zhai, Yuanzhao Ding, Bo Feng, Dawei Mao, Xinjun Wang, Huaimin National University of Defense Technology School of Computer Changsha410000 China State Key Laboratory of Complex and Critical Software Environment Beijing100191 China

In sparse extrinsic reward settings, reinforcement learning remains a challenge despite increasing interest in this field. Existing approaches suggest that intrinsic rewards can alleviate issues caused by reward sparsity. However, many studies overlook the critical role of temporal information, essential for human curiosity. This article introduces a novel intrinsic reward mechanism inspired by human learning processes, where curiosity is evaluated by comparing current observations with historical knowledge. Our method involves training a self-supervised prediction model, periodically saving snapshots of the model parameters, and employing the nuclear norm to assess the temporal inconsistency between predictions from different snapshots as intrinsic rewards. Additionally, we propose a variational weighting mechanism to adaptively assign weights to the snapshots, enhancing the model's robustness and performance. Experimental results across various benchmark environments demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, which outperforms other state-of-the-art methods without incurring additional training costs and exhibits higher noise tolerance. Our findings indicate that leveraging temporal information in intrinsic rewards can significantly improve exploration performance, motivating future research to develop more robust and accurate reward systems for reinforcement learning. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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How far are we to GPT-4V?Closing the gap to commercial multimodal models with open-source suites

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第12期67卷 5-22页

作者： Zhe CHEN Weiyun WANG Hao TIAN Shenglong YE Zhangwei GAO Erfei CUI Wenwen TONG Kongzhi HU Jiapeng LUO Zheng MA Ji MA Jiaqi WANG Xiaoyi DONG Hang YAN Hewei GUO Conghui HE Botian SHI Zhenjiang JIN Chao XU Bin WANG Xingjian WEI Wei LI Wenjian ZHANG Bo ZHANG Pinlong CAI Licheng WEN Xiangchao YAN Min DOU Lewei LU Xizhou ZHU Tong LU Dahua LIN Yu QIAO Jifeng DAI Wenhai WANG State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Shanghai AI Laboratory School of Computer Science Fudan University SenseTime Research Department of Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University

In this paper, we introduce InternVL 1.5, an open-source multimodal large language model(MLLM) to bridge the capability gap between open-source and proprietary commercial models in multimodal understanding. We introduce three simple improvements.(1) Strong vision encoder: we explored a continuous learning strategy for the large-scale vision foundation model — InternViT-6B, boosting its visual understanding capabilities, and making it can be transferred and reused in different LLMs.(2) Dynamic high-resolution: we divide images into tiles ranging from 1 to 40 of 448×448 pixels according to the aspect ratio and resolution of the input images, which supports up to 4K resolution input.(3) High-quality bilingual dataset: we carefully collected a high-quality bilingual dataset that covers common scenes, document images,and annotated them with English and Chinese question-answer pairs, significantly enhancing performance in optical character recognition(OCR) and Chinese-related tasks. We evaluate InternVL 1.5 through a series of benchmarks and comparative studies. Compared to both open-source and proprietary commercial models, InternVL 1.5 shows competitive performance, achieving state-of-the-art results in 8 of 18 multimodal benchmarks. Code and models are available at https://***/OpenGVLab/InternVL.

关键词： multimodal model open-source vision encoder dynamic resolution bilingual dataset

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