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IEEE Winter Meeting Power engineering Society

作者： G. Sybille Hoang Le-Huy Power System Simulation Laboratory Institut de recherche d''Hydro-Quebec Varennes QUE Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Université Laval Sainte-Foy QUE Canada

The Power system Blockset (PSB) is a graphic tool that allows schematics and simulation of power systems to be built in the Simulink environment. The blockset uses the MATLAB/Simulink environment to represent common components and devices found in electrical power networks. Simulink's variable-step event-sensitive integration algorithms allow increased accuracy in zero-crossing detection of currents as compared with fixed step algorithms. One important feature of the Power system Blockset which has been introduced with version 2.0 is its ability to simulate either with continuous variable time-step integration algorithms or with a discretized system. For small and medium size systems, variable time steps algorithms are usually faster because the number of steps will be less than with a fixed-time step method. However, for large systems which contain many states or many nonlinear blocks such as power electronic switches, it is advantageous to discretize the electrical system. Both the continuous integration and fixed-time step methods are illustrated. The graphic interface of Simulink provides a user-friendly environment where the power circuit and control system are represented in the same diagram. The results are displayed while the simulation is running. The processing power of MATLAB allows the designer to perform complex post-processing on simulation results. This special technical session presents the features of the Power system Blockset and its applications in the simulation of power systems and power electronics systems.

关键词： Power system simulation Digital simulation MATLAB Power electronics Circuit simulation Libraries Power system modeling Power system analysis computing Graphics Control systems

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Importance of CAD tools and methodologies in high speed CPU design

Importance of CAD tools and methodologies in high speed CPU ...

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Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference

作者： H. Tago K. Hashimoto N. Ikumi M. Nagamatsu M. Suzuoki Y. Yamamoto System ULSI Engineering Laboratory Toshiba Corporation Semiconductor Company Kawasaki Japan System LSI Design Division Toshiba Corporation Semiconductor Company Kawasaki Japan Research & Development Division Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Minato Tokyo Japan

Design methodologies and CAD for "Emotion Engine" LSI are presented with emphasis on practical aspects of verification and timing closure. A combination of simulation, emulation and formal verification ensured the functional first silicon for system evaluation. In order to control wire delay in early design stage, floor plan based synthesis and wire load estimation are adopted for quick timing closure.

关键词： Design automation Timing Wire Delay estimation Design methodology Large scale integration Emulation Formal verification Silicon Control system synthesis

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Polycrystalline and amorphous sol-gel derived WO/sub 3/ thin films and their gas sensing properties

Polycrystalline and amorphous sol-gel derived WO/sub 3/ thin...

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Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices

作者： Y.X. Li K. Galatsis W. Wlodarski J. Cole S. Russo J. Gorman N. Rockelmann C. Cantalini School of Electrical and Computer System Engineering Department of Applied Physics RMIT University Australia Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chinese Academy and Sciences Shanghai China School of Electrical and Computer System Engineering Department of Applied Physics RMIT University Melbourne Australia Department of Chemistry and Materials University di L''Aquila Italy Manufacturing Science and Technology CSIRO Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0780366980

Amorphous and polycrystalline tungsten trioxide (WO/sub 3/) thin films were prepared using the sol-gel process. Tungsten ethoxide was used as precursor material. The WO/sub 3/ thin films were spun onto the sapphire and silicon substrates at 2500 rpm for 30 s. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the films annealed at low temperature of 420/spl deg/C for 1 hr. are amorphous while those annealed at as high as 500/spl deg/C are polycrystalline. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images revealed that the film annealed at 360/spl deg/C was amorphous and the surface was smooth. The film showed good responses to 100 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1% O/sub 2/ at an operating temperature of 170/spl deg/C. At high operating temperatures the films showed unsaturated and sluggish responses to oxygen gas. The amorphous WO/sub 3/ thin films showed no response to ozone. The crystallized thin films showed very stable response to oxygen.

关键词： Amorphous materials Transistors Annealing Temperature Tungsten Scanning electron microscopy Semiconductor thin films Silicon Substrates X-ray imaging

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Genetic programming of process decomposition strategies for evolvable hardware

Genetic programming of process decomposition strategies for ...

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NASA/DoD Workshop on Evolvable Hardware

作者： Ho-Sik Seok Kwang-Ju Lee Byoung-Tak Zhang Dong-Wook Lee Kwee-Bo Sim Artificial Intelligence Laboratory SCAI School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Robotics and Intelligent Information System Lab Electrical and Electronic Engineering Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea

Evolvable hardware is able to offer considerably higher performance than general-purpose processors and significantly more flexibility than ASICs. In order to take the advantages of general-purpose processors and ASICs, dividing a complex process into subprocesses is essential. In this paper, we propose a evolutionary method called context switching that splits a task into a set of subtasks whose complexity is manageable on the given hardware. The method is based on genetic programming. Due to its expressive power generic program can represent flexible strategies for decomposing complex tasks. The effectiveness of context switching is demonstrated on the design of adaptive controllers for a team of autonomous mobile robots.

关键词： Genetic programming Hardware Genetic algorithms Artificial intelligence Intelligent robots Mobile robots Programmable control Adaptive control computer architecture Application specific integrated circuits

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Fully complex backpropagation for constant envelope signal processing

Fully complex backpropagation for constant envelope signal p...

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IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing

作者： Taehwan Kim T. Adali Information Technology Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA Center for Advanced Aviation System Development MITRE Corporation McLean VA USA

One of the challenges in designing a neural network to process complex-valued signals is finding a suitable nonlinear complex activation function. The main reason for this difficulty is the conflict between the boundedness and the differentiability of complex functions in the entire complex plane, stated by Louiville's theorem. To avoid this difficulty, splitting, i.e., using two separate real nonlinear activation functions for the real and imaginary signal components has been the traditional approach. We introduce a feedforward neural network (FNN) architecture employing hyperbolic tangent tanh(z) function defined in the entire complex domain, and compare its performance with the FNN that uses a split complex structure. Since tanh(z) is analytic and bounded almost everywhere in the complex plane, when trained by backpropagation, it can easily outperform the non-analytic split complex activation function in convergence speed and achievable minimum squared error when the domain is bounded around the unit circle. We demonstrate this property by an equalization example, equalization of multi-phase shift keying (MPSK) signals corrupted by a multipath channel. The properties of tanh(z) and future directions to combat nonlinear distortions in complex transmission schemes are discussed.

关键词： Backpropagation Signal processing Neural networks Signal analysis Phase modulation Wireless communication Information technology Laboratories computer science Signal design

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Pupil diameter variability in humans

Pupil diameter variability in humans

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： G. Calcagnini F. Censi S. Lino S. Cerutti Istituto Superiore di Sanità Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Rome Italy Department of Computer and System Sciences La Sapienza and University of Rome Rome Italy Clinical Pathophysiology La Sapienza and University of Rome Italy Department of Biomedical Engineering Polytechnic University of Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0780364651

The aim of this study was to investigate the origin of the pupil fluctuations in humans. The authors assess whether and to which extent LF and HF cardiovascular rhythms contribute to spontaneous pupil diameter fluctuations at rest, during sympathetic activation by Head-Up Tilt Test 70/spl deg/ and during a non-invasive modulation of carotid baroreceptors by Neck Suction (NS). The responses of the pupil to the NS was studied at stimulation frequencies of 0.10 and 0.20 Hz. The effect of tilting on PD fluctuations spectra and the physiological background of the pupil control are consistent with the hypothesis that pupil fluctuations reflect a generalized increase of the sympathetic tone. The findings obtained with the NS stimulation suggest that blood pressure fluctuations propagate to the pupil via carotid baroreceptor afferent pathways. However a central contribution can not be excluded.

关键词： Humans Fluctuations Rhythm Hafnium Resonant frequency Blood pressure Muscles Heart rate variability Cardiology Neck

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Electromagnetic field characteristics of radial line slot antennas for surface wave coupled plasma production

Electromagnetic field characteristics of radial line slot an...

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Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium

作者： T. Yamamoto M. Ono M. Ando N. Goto N. Ishii Y. Yasaka Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sci. Faculty of Eng Yamagata University Yonezawa Yamagata Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Eng Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo Japan Department of Electronics and System Faculty of Engineering Takushoku University Hachioji Tokyo Japan Corporate R&D Central Research Laboratory Tokyo Electron Limited Nirasaki Yamanashi Japan

In plasma processing systems for large sized wafer, quick evacuation of reaction gas by making the process space gap narrow is required to realize higher productivity and better quality of microelectronic devices. The wafer must be placed closely to the antenna aperture in this case. A radial line slot antenna (RLSA) for surface wave coupled plasma (SWP) is a promising candidate to this end. A novel slot arrangement in the aperture, which consists of densely arrayed transverse slots, was fabricated and tested. A uniform, high electron density of 3/spl times/10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/ and large-area plasma under the condition of low electron temperature has already been realized by experiments. It dispenses with DC magnetic fields required in ECR systems. For further development of slot design as well as the mechanism extraction of plasma generation, this paper evaluates the electromagnetic near fields of SWP RLSAs. As the first step, antennas in free space without the plasma as well as the glass vacuum window, is analyzed using the periodic array model. The predicted near field distribution is compared with the experiments and reasonable agreement is reported.

关键词： Electromagnetic fields Slot antennas Plasma temperature Plasma devices Apertures Plasma density Plasma waves Electrons Plasma properties Plasma materials processing

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2.44 GFLOPS 300MHz floating-point vector processing unit for high performance 3D graphics computing

2.44 GFLOPS 300MHz floating-point vector processing unit for...

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25th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, ESSCIRC 1999

作者： Ide, Nobuhiro Hirano, Masashi Endo, Yukio Yoshioka, Shin'Ichi Murakami, Hiroaki Kunimatsu, Atsushi Sato, Toshinori Kamei, Takayuki Okada, Toyoshi Suzuoki, Masakazu System ULSI Engineering Laboratory Toshiba Corporation Japan Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Japan

A Vector Unit (VU) for the high performance 3D graphics computing has been developed. Four fMAC (floating-point Multiply-Accumulate) units which execute multiply-add operation with one throughput, one fDIV (floating-point Divide) unit which executes division and square root operations with 6 cycles at 300 MHz and 128 bits × 32 words fReg (floating-point register file) are implemented. This architecture delivers a peak performance of 2.44 GFLOPS at 300MHz. © 1999 Editions Frontieres.

关键词： Digital arithmetic

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Three-dimensional facial model reconstruction and plastic surgery simulation

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IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 1999年第3期3卷 214-220页

作者： Lee, Tong-Yee Sun, Yung-Nien Lin, Yung-Ching Lin, Leewen Lee, Chungnan Visual System Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan Kaohsiung Senior Vocational Commerce School Kaohsiung Taiwan Institute of Computer and Information Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan

Facial model reconstruction and surgical simulation are essential to plastic surgery in today's medicine. Both can help surgeons to design appropriate repair plans and procedures prior to actual surgery. In this paper, we exploit a metamorphosis technique in our new design. First, using metamorphosis and vision techniques, we can establish three-dimensional facial models from a given photo. Second, we design several morphing operators, including augmentation, cutting, and lacerating. Experiments show that the proposed algorithms can successfully create acceptable facial models and generate realistically visual effects of surgical simulation.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Interactive 3-D virtual colonoscopy system

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IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 1999年第2期3卷 139-150页

作者： Lee, Tong-Yee Lin, Ping-Hsien Lin, Chao-Hung Sun, Yung-Nien Lin, Xi-Zhang Visual System Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine National ChengKung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan

We describe a low-cost three-dimensional (3-D) virtual colonoscopy system that is a noninvasive technique for examining the entire colon and can assist physicians in detecting polyps inside the colon. Using the helical CT data and proposed techniques, we can three-dimensionally reconstruct and visualize the inner surface of the colon. We generate high resolution of video views of the colon interior structures as if the viewer's eyes were inside the colon. The physicians can virtually navigate inside the colon in two different modes: interactive and automatic navigation, respectively. For automatic navigation, the flythrough path is determined a priori using the 3-D thinning and two-pass tracking schemes. The whole colon is spatially subdivided into several cells, and only potentially visible cells are taken into account during rendering. To further improve rendering efficiency, potentially visible cells are rendered at different levels of detail. Additionally, a chain of bounding volume in each cell is used to avoid penetrating through the colon during navigation. In comparison with previous work, the proposed system can efficiently accomplish required preprocessing tasks and afford adequate rendering speeds on a low-cost PC system.

关键词： Medical imaging

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