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Convergence Analysis of Distributed Asynchronous Iterative Processes *

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1984年第2期17卷 1145-1146页

作者： D.P. Bertsekas Laboratory for Information and Decision System. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge MA 02139 USA

We consider a model of distributed iterative algorithms whereby several processors participate in the computation while collecting, possibly stochastic information from the environment or other processors via communication links. Several applications in distributed optimization, parameter estimation, and communication networks are described. Issues of asymptotic convergence and agreement are explored under very weak assumptions on the ordering of computations and the timing of information reception. Progress towards constructing a broadly applicable theory is surveyed.

关键词： Fixed Points Distributed Algorithm Optimization Shortest Path Dynamic Programming

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SHIP COMBAT system SIMULATION (SCSS)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 142-148页

作者： MENSH, DR The Authorreceived his B.S. and M.S. degrees in applied physics from Loyola College in Baltimore Md. and the American University in Washington D.C. He also has completed his course work towards his Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of system analysis and computer simulation. He has been employed at the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Laboratory Silver Spring Md. for the past seventeen years in the areas of weapon system analysis and the development of weapon system simulations. Since 1978 he has been involved in the development of simulation tools that can be applied to the solution of shipboard combat system architecture and engineering problems. Currently at the White Oak Laboratory he is responsible for the application of and further development of the Single Ship Combat System Simulation.

This paper will describe a combat system integration and analysis tool called the Ship Combat system Simulation (SCSS). The SCSS was designed as an analysis tool to study sensor command and control and weapon system integration for shipboard combat systems. The simulation represents the combat system components as nodes in a network. Data flows between the nodes through the links. SCSS is a structured program simulation written in Simscript II.5. The structured program feature allows for ease of combat system reconfiguration into different types of architectures. Consequently, SSCS can be used to study and analyze different combat system architectures. Currently the model has an antiairwarfare (AAW) capability and a partial antisurface warfare (ASUW) capability. The model has been used in ship vulnerability and survivability studies, individual combat system component studies, component trade-off analysis; and total system reaction time analysis. Figure 1 presents a sample of a SCSS link-node diagram. Figures 8 and 9 present combat system sequence and timing diagrams. The model boasts a postprocessing capability that includes both statistics and graphics packages. The SCSS has been developed jointly by the Naval Weapons Center, Naval Ocean systems Center, Naval Surface Weapons Center, Naval Ships Weapons systems engineering Station, and CACI, Inc. SCSS is supported by naval and industrial laboratories throughout the country. The users of the simulation belong to the SCSS User's Group which meets periodically throughout the year. Members of the User's Group develop equipment nodes and exchange ideas. The User's Group maintains SCSS configuration management allowing for Simscript II.5 code written by any one user to be used by all other users.

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RETROFITTING OF BULBOUS BOWS ON UNITED-STATES NAVY AUXILIARY AND AMPHIBIOUS WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第6期96卷 40-51页

作者： CHUN, SK HOUGH, JJ ENGLE, AH FUNG, SC Stephen K. Chunis a graduate of the Maritime College of the State University of New York class of 1981 from which he received a B.E. degree in naval architecture and his license as a Third Assistant Engineer from the U.S. Coast Guard. Since graduation he has worked for the U.S. Navy as a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamics Performance Division (SEA 55W3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Currently he is the task leader for hydrodynamic design for the DDG-51. He is also responsible for bulbous bow and appendage design for surf ace ships. Mr. Chun is a member of ASNE SNAME and ASE. Jeffrey J. Hough:is currently a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamic Performance Division (SEA 55VV3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA). In his current capacity he is a member of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Branch and is the divisional coordinator for computer supported design (CSD) technical director for the hull form design system (HFDS) Hull Engineering Group (SEA 55) assistant coordinator for CSD SEA 55 CSD coordinator for the DDG-51 contract design and SEA 55W3 project engineer for aircraft carrier/aviation support ship hydrodynamics. Mr. Hough received his B.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1978 and his M.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1979 from the University of Michigan. He began his career with the U.S. Navy in 1979 as an Engineer-in-Training in the Ship Design and Integration Directorate of NAVSEA. Prior to his current assignment Mr. Hough was the technical director responsible for the hull form and hydrodynamics energy conservation program and technical specialist for design practices for resistance and powering margins and hull form geometry. A member of ASNE since 1979 Mr. Hough is also a member of SNAME ASE and the U.S. Naval Institute. Allen H. Engleis a naval architect with the Hull Form Design and Performance Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S. degree in engineering science from th

To meet energy conservation goals of the U.S. Navy, its attention has been focused on ways to reduce individual ship total resistance and powering requirements. One possible method of improving ship powering characteristics is by modifying existing individual ship hulls with the addition of bulbous bows. This paper will identify the merits of retrofitting bow bulbs on selected U.S. Navy auxiliary and amphibious warfare ships. A procedure for performing a cost-benefit analysis will be shown for candidate ship classes. An example of this technique for an amphibious warfare ship will also be provided. A brief discussion of future methods to be used for bulbous bow design such as application of systematic model test data and numerical hydrodynamic techniques will be given.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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ADVANCES IN LONG-RANGE, HIGH-SPEED OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第4期93卷 39-48页

作者： BARTON, GG FELDMAN, S Mr. Sidney Feldman formerly with the Naval Applied Science Laboratory is presently with the Radiation Division of the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Silver Spring Maryland. He planned and supervised laboratory experiments of many optical systems for fleet evaluation several of his designs now being standard in the fleet. He received his BA degree in Physics from Brooklyn College in 1941 and majored in Physics at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. His professional memberships include the Optical Society of America American Association for the Advancement of Science and The Scientific Research Society of North America. He was the recipient of the Naval Ordnance Development Award in 1945 the Superior Achievement Award in 1957 the Quality Salary Increase Award in 1965 the Superior Accomplishment Award in 1967 1970 and 1979. Additionally he has been granted patents for a relamping tool for searchlights (1962) a lamp positioning mechanism for searchlights (1963) a daylnight digital sextant (1973) a portable sextant-computer system (1974) and with Mr. George Barton the remote-controlled LLLTV camera-sextant (1976) the automatic passive LLLTV-rangefinder (1977) and a patent disclosure for the omnidirectional transceiver (1980). Mr. George G. Barton has been employed by the Naval Research Laboratory Washington D. C. for the past ten years in the scientific and military application design engineering and fabrication of low light level TV camera systems. He was previously associated with the Smithsonian Institution and Northwestern University in the application of TV technology in astronomical investigations. He attended New York University Newark College of Engineering and New Mexico State University where he majored in Physical Optics. Presently he is with his own company BISMARC Inc. Harker's Island N.C. where he is involved principally in the design manufacture and marketing of sonar systems such as the unique VIDISEA fishscope research and development in electrooptic systems an

During periods of radio silence under Emission Control, communication depends on the slow ship-to-ship, manual-visual, 8-10 wpm Morse code signaling shutter searchlight employing the ac 1000-watt incandescent or the ac 1000-watt compact arc mercury-xenon lamp. These sources can be replaced by the dc compact arc xenon lamp to provide longer daylight ranges and highspeed (100 wpm teletype, 150 wpm Morse code, voice, etc.) communication since this source has superior brightness and the facility of considerably more rapid modulation. The excessive weight and size of the ac-dc power convertor and modulating circuitry which had prevented use of the dc xenon lamp have been overcome by developments in solid state electronics such as the rapid, high current, simmer-flash, 100 to one light output xenon lamp pulsing using the reliable, uncomplicated, low-cost silicon controlled rectifier shunt switch which could eliminate the mechanical signaling shutter. laboratory and sea evaluations have proved the feasibility of and provided the long daylight high-speed optical communication ranges that could be attained from operation of the dc 1000-watt and 2200-watt xenon lamps at the focus of 12-inch, 18-inch searchlights and in the Fresnel lens omni-directional beacon which a command ship uses to signal all ships in a task force at once. With these advances, optical communication provides the highspeed capability of radio communication, particularly, also, with the new omnidirectional transceiver.

关键词： SHIPS

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INNOVATIONS IN computer-AIDED-DESIGN OF MARINE TURBINES USING INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 207-217页

作者： GINGRICH, JK WINTER, RL Mr. John K. Gingrich joined the General Electric Company after his graduation from Lafayette College in 1948. His early assignments were with the General Engineering Laboratory and the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory in Schenectady. N. Y. He joined the Marine Turbine and Gear Department in 1968 as Manager Engineering Administration. and assumed his present assignment as Manager Engineering Resource Planning & Administration in 1976. Mr. Gingrich was instrumental in procuring the Interactive Graphics System for the Medium Steam Department. having headed up the Study Team and is now responsible for the Interactive Graphics Systems management including new procurements. He is a member of the American Institute of Design Drafting and is currently the Chairman of the Computer-Aided Drafting Committee in that organization. Mr. Reinhold L. Winter is a graduate of the General Electric Apprentice Program and Salem State College from which he received his B.S. degree in Business Administration. He has nineteen years experience with the General Electric Company including eight years in Business Systems and Programming two years in Computer Operations Management and six years in his present position as Manager Engineering Business Systems. He was a member of the original Study Team that investigated and selected the present Applicon Interactive Graphics (IAG) equipment and currently is responsible for the management of software and hardware support for the ZAG Facility.

This paper discusses the Interactive Graphics system used by the General Electric Company, Medium Steam Turbine Department (engineering & Manufacturing) for designing, drafting, and manufacturing applications. A brief overview of the hardware malting up the system is described, followed by a more detailed description of the actual applications. Two-dimensional applications described include a Heat Balance Analysis, Flow Diagrams, and Electrical Schematics. A more fruitful area for increased productivity gains is described in the three-dimensional or mechanical applications including turbine design & layout and bucket design. coordination of the design with manufacturing for numerical control tape generation is described through CAM and Plate Frame Cutting applications. Finally, a short review of the engineering design work using Interactive Graphics is discussed. Productivity gains of 2.6 to 1 are being realized, and the overall savings to the Medium Steam Department are outlined.

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computer AIDS FOR SHIP DESIGN, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to computer-Aided Ship Design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull Design system (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship Designer and Design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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NAVAL COASTAL systemS laboratory - UNIQUE INSITU TEST AND EVALUATION SITE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1978年第2期90卷 119-129页

作者： JOLLIFF, JV CALLAHAN, CM USN Capt. James V. Jolliff USNgraduated from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1954. Following graduation he served in the USS S. N. Moore (DD—747) and USS Cimarron (AO—22). He received his MS degrees in Naval Architecture from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture and in Financial Management from The George Washington University. He culminated his education at The Catholic University of America where he was awarded his Doctorate in Ocean Engineering in 1972. Capt. Jolliff has served in Naval Shipyards as Ship Superintendent Assistant Repair Officer and Assistant Planning & Estimating Superintendent and as such was primarily concerned with the repair and conversion of U. S. Navy skips. In addition he has served as Maintenance Officer Staff of Commander Mine Force U. S. Pacific Fleet as Co—Chairman of the Naval Engineering Division Engineering Department U. S. Naval Academy and as CV Design Manager in the Advanced Concepts Division and as Head Ship Survivability Office Naval Ship Engineering Center. An active member of ASNE since 1966 he has served as a member of the National Council and is currently the Chairman of the Journal Committee. He has had several papers presented at ASNE Day and published in the Journal and in 1976 was one of the recipients of the ASNE President's Award. At the present time he is assigned as the Commanding Officer Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory (NCSL) Panama City Fla. Mr. Casville M. Callahanis a native of Southwest Virginia where he attended Elementary and Secondary School prior to his three year's service in the U. S. Navy during World War II. He graduated from Lincoln Memorial University Harrogate Tenn. in 1950 receiving his BS degree in Mathematics. In 1952 he received his MS degree in Mathematics from Auburn University Auburn Ala. and taught mathematics at Lincoln Memorial University and at Florida State University Tallahassee Fla. prior to joining the staff of the Mine Defense Laboratory in 1955. He has progressed through a variety of assignments as the Labo

Test and Evaluation have become paramount in today's Department of Defense acquisition process. Therefore, the U. S. Navy requires both private and public facilities to accomplish the final goals of the “Fly before Buy” concept. Such a facility exists at the Naval Coastal systems laboratory (NCSL); an integral part of the Chief of Naval Material's, Director of Navy Laboratories organization. This paper briefly addresses the laboratory, its mission, and its history. This is followed by an in—depth facilities overview in order to create an understanding of the slow but steady evolution of NCSL's unique fixed facilities. These facilities, when coupled to the local natural environment, provide a unique in situ test and evaluation capability which is unequalled in the United States for assessing seagoing coastal systems. Of prime consideration is the Range Date Acquisition Center (RADAC) and Its ancillary subsystems for tracking, environmental monitoring, communications, and post run analysis. The paper is concluded with a discussion of both past and present use of the aforementioned facilities with an emphasis on user acceptance and future potential growth.

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A TOWED PLANING HULL SLED FOR FAST SURFACE DELIVERY OF POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1977年第2期89卷 129-137页

作者： WARD, RUSSELL S. LARRABEE, RICHARD M. Mr. Russell S. Ward is a Supervisory Mechanical Engineer at the Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory (NCSL) Panama City. Florida where he is presently the Task Leader for the developmental model of the U.S. Coast Guard's Fast Surface Delivery System. He has been the Project Engineer for several R&D Projects at NCSL including the developmental Swimmer Delivery Vehicle and its delivery sled. He has received three Superior Achievement Awards and is the co—holder of one U.S. Patent. Mr. Ward graduated from the University of Florida in 1951 receiving his BCE degree. He is a registered Professional Land Surveyor and a Past Chairman of the local Chapter of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Lt. Richard M. Larabee USCG was commissioned in June 1967 upon his graduation from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. During his first tour of duty he served in several assignments in the operations Department including that of Operations Officer USCG High Endurance Cutter Casco. From 1969 until 1970 he was the Commanding Officer USCGC Cape Hatteras based in Santa Barbara Calif after which he served as Public Information Officer and Aide for the Commander ELEVENTH Coast Guard District. He received his Masters degree in Ocean Engineering from the University of Rhode Island and in 1974 reported to U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters where he was assigned to the Search and Rescue Projects Branch in the Office of Research and Development. In 1975 he was reassigned to the Pollution Projects Branch and is currently acting as a Project Officer for the development of a Fast Surface Delivery System for Pollution Response Equipment development of a computer based instrumentation system for supporting pollution equipment and working in the area of hazardous chemical discharge amelioration. In 1972 he was the recipient of the Coast Guard Achievement Medal.

A Fast Surface Delivery system was developed at the Naval Coastal systems laboratory, Panama City, Florida, for the U.S. Coast Guard to provide an efficient means to deliver and off—load pollution control equipment at sea. A planing hull sled, towable by surface vessel and helicopter, was designed as the transportation vehicle. The all—aluminum sled is 45–feet long and has a 15–foot beam. The system can deliver a 20,000–pound payload and can be unloaded at sea manually. Test results have shown that the equipment—loaded sled can be safely and efficiently towed by an HH3F helicopter at speeds up to 50 knots and by a Coast Guard 82–foot WPB at speeds up to 17 knots in Sea State 3 or less. The empty sled at rest in the water lies with the aft end submerged. Sled mounted hand winches are used to inhaul and secure the floating payload. After the sled is underway, the water drains, the stem comes up, and the sled hydroplanes. At the deployment site, quick—release hooks on the lines securing the equipment to the sled are tripped and the stern submerges, leaving the payload floating free. © 1977 American Society of Naval Engineers

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TRANSIM‐A GENERAL PURPOSE PROBLEM SOLVING TOOL

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Naval Engineers Journal 1973年第5期85卷 79-92页

作者： McMICHAEL, DAVID L. ORLEANS, BEATRICE S. Mr. David L. McMichael:is Senior Development Engineer on the Project TRANSIM Staff at the University of California at Los Angeles. He is widely experienced in the application of quantitative analytical methods in particular computer simulation to the solution of real-world problems. Prior to joining the UCLA Staff he was a commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy and was assigned to the Naval Ship Systems Command as a system analyst engaged in the introduction of quantitative analysis methods in the Navy management decision-making process. He has also been Senior Systems Analyst ASSET Inc. Industrial Engineer with the Surface Combustion Corp. and Speiser Engineering Inc. and a lecturer in Mathematics at North Virginia Community College. He received his MS degree in Operations Research at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School having specialized in gaming and simulation and his BSME degree at Tri-State College Angola Indiana. Miss Beatrice S. Orleans:holds a BA degree in Mathematics and Statistics from Hunter College and a MS degree in Statistics from Columbia University-Graduate School of Business. She has also completed graduate courses at Columbia George Washington and American Universities. Prior to her present position she was employed by the International Statistical Bureau as an economic statistician the Educational Testing Service as a research assistant the Air Force Human Resources Research Laboratory as an aviation psychologist and Head of the Statistics Section and CNO Aviation Plans and Programs as a mathematical statistician. For the past 20 years she has been with the Bureau of Ships and now the Naval Ship System Command in what is known as the Statistical Engineering Branch of which she has been the Branch Head for the last 10 years. She also has worked in the areas of Statistical Quality Control and Design of Experiments and Reliability and in addition has taught a number of sessions of a course in Introduction to Statistical Inference for the Navy the Laboratories and the Army.

This paper describes TRANSIM simulation a a method for solving problems. There is a brief discussion of modeling and its importance. TRANSIM is compared with other general purpose simulators, special purpose simulation, and network analysis techniques such as PERT/CPM. Data requirements for TRANSIM applications are discussed, and a few examples of specific Navy applications are described in a general fashion. In conclusion, the paper details the latest TRANSIM development work in project analysis and output formats for project risk, resource allocation and scheduling. © 1973 American Society of Naval Engineers

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PATCH: Empowering Large Language Model with Programmer-Intent Guidance and Collaborative-Behavior Simulation for Automatic Bug Fixing

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ACM Transactions on Software engineering and Methodology 1000年

作者： Yuwei Zhang Zhi Jin Ying Xing Ge Li Fang Liu Jiaxin Zhu Wensheng Dou Jun Wei Key Laboratory of System Software (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University) Ministry of Education School of Computer Science Peking University School of Computer Science Wuhan University China School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China School of Computer Science Peking University China State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University China

Bug fixing holds significant importance in software development and maintenance. Recent research has made substantial strides in exploring the potential of large language models (LLMs) for automatically resolving software bugs. However, a noticeable gap in existing approaches lies in the oversight of collaborative facets intrinsic to bug resolution, treating the process as a single-stage endeavor. Moreover, most approaches solely take the buggy code snippet as input for LLMs during the patch generation stage. To mitigate the aforementioned limitations, we introduce a novel stage-wise framework named PATCH. Specifically, we first augment the buggy code snippet with corresponding dependence context and intent information to better guide LLMs in generating the correct candidate patches. Additionally, by taking inspiration from bug management practices, we decompose the bug-fixing task into four distinct stages: bug reporting, bug diagnosis, patch generation, and patch verification. These stages are performed interactively by LLMs, aiming to simulate the collaborative behavior of programmers during the resolution of software bugs. By harnessing these collective contributions, PATCH effectively enhances the bug-fixing capability of LLMs. We implement PATCH by employing the powerful dialogue-based LLM ChatGPT. Our evaluation on the widely used bug-fixing benchmark BFP demonstrates that PATCH has achieved better performance than state-of-the-art LLMs.

关键词： Bug Fixing Large Language Model Bug Management Multi-Agent Collaboration

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