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MLPFormer: MLP-integrated transformer for colorectal histopathology whole slide image segmentation

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4651-4661页

作者： Wang, Yuxuan Li, Dan Li, Xuechen Guo, Yan Zuo, Yanfei Shen, Linlin Department of Computer Science Wenzhou-Kean University Wenzhou China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuyi University Jiangmen China Department of Histo Pathology Shanghai Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center Shanghai China College of Computer Sicence and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, which is mainly diagnosed using pathological images. According to the characteristics of lesions, precancerous lesions can be classified into four different grades, i.e., background, normal, low and high level. However, due to the continuity of lesion development, tissue in different stages has high similarity. Recently, visual transformers have achieved impressive results in different visual tasks, due to their capacity of capturing long-range dependencies. However, due to computational cost, transformer cannot well extract detailed feature, which is important for lesion grading. To accurately segment pathological tissues with high similarity, in this work, we embed the multi-head MLP mixer module in the transformer network to extract cell and edge information. Furthermore, we propose a hierarchical MLP decoder to facilitate multi-scale feature fusion. The proposed transformer, namely MLPFormer, achieves remarkable results against competitive baselines on the Histo-CRC Biopsy dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that MLPFormer significantly outperforms the competitive baselines, i.e., a 3% dice improvement is achieved over the SegFormer series. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Learning to Cluster Person in the Video via Graph Convolution Network 13

Learning to Cluster Person in the Video via Graph Convolutio...

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13th International Conference on Information technology in Medicine and Education, ITME 2023

作者： Li, Wei Liang, Sixin Bian, Ang Du, Guodong College of Computer Science Sichuan University Chengdu China School of Information Science and Engineering Yanshan University The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province Qinhuangdao China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350319156

Video person re-identification is receiving academic interest. However, the practical application of the algorithm is hardly supported because of prohibitive annotated data. Hence, the study for unlabeled data will lead to an attractive alternative. This work explores an innovative strategy, namely, learning to cluster unlabeled person in the video through graph convolutional networks. In this paper, we find that the possibility of inter-frame linkage can be inferred from context. Therefore, a pose-guided topology linkage clustering framework is proposed. Our framework consists of three modules: (i) a pose-guided representation module;(ii) a pose-guided embedding module;(iii) a link prediction module. Firstly, the representation coding alone is performed at the level of relational induction bias, embedding the implicit pose structure information in image features. Then, based on the consideration of the topology relationship between adjacent and cross-frame, graph convolutional network is introduced to infer the likelihood of linkage between frame nodes. Experiments show that the method demonstrates excellent scalability in addition to being an effective response to person clustering in case of changes, and does not need the number of clusters as a prior. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Convolution

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A Reliability Framework for Proactive-Tolerance Reed-Solomon Storage systems

A Reliability Framework for Proactive-Tolerance Reed-Solomon...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Li, Jing Zhou, Zhenrui Ding, Jinali College of Computer Science and Technology Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin China Key Laboratory of Theory and System of Civil Aviation Smart Airport Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

Reed-Solomon coding has been widely adopted to protect data storage against failures in storage systems. Recently, proactive fault tolerance is coming to offer an added protection for data storage coping with the increased device failures. Reliability is critical for storage systems. Due to complex system states and fault tolerance patterns, it is very intricate to analyze the reliability of proactive-tolerance Reed-Solomon storage systems. In this paper, a reliability framework is proposed, which combines event-driven simulation with mathematical model to analyze the reliability of proactive-tolerance Reed-Solomon storage systems. Monte Carlo simulation model simulates storage systems operation according to the failure parameters of different subsystems generated from statistical data. A mathematical model is designed to analyze the probability of data loss under certain concurrent failures. The proposed framework models the impact of various device failures (including permanent device failures, transient failures and correlated failures), network bandwidth, and both accurate predictions and false alarms of proactive fault tolerance on the reliability. The proposed reliability framework can be adapted to different Reed-Solomon codes and system configurations, offering versatility in its application and assist system designers in optimizing trade-offs and comparing schemes, which is beneficial for system design and operation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Reed-Solomon codes

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RKSeg+: make full use of Runge–Kutta methods in medical image segmentation

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Multimedia systems 2024年第2期30卷 1-13页

作者： Zhu, Mai Fu, Chong Wang, Xingwei School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System Ministry of Education Shenyang110819 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang110819 China

The dynamical system perspective has been used to build efficient image classification networks and semantic segmentation networks. Furthermore, the Runge–Kutta (RK) methods are powerful tools for building networks from the dynamical systems perspective. Hence, the Runge–Kutta segmentation network (RKSeg) for medical image segmentation was born. Skip connections and multiple scaling are often used in common models but lack mathematical explanations. RKSeg interprets and uses skip connections based on the RK methods. Therefore, RKSeg greatly improves segmentation efficiency. However, it does not explain and use multiple scales from a dynamical system perspective but only inherits the multi-scale scheme of existing models. We compensate for this shortcoming by interpreting and using multiple scales based on the RK methods. In addition, the network structure also limits the excellent image classification networks as the backbones of RKSegs. Therefore, we modify the network structure to support more image classification networks as backbones. As a result, we propose a novel network structure RKSeg+. Our proposed RKSeg+ achieves better segmentation results with fewer parameters than RKSeg. Furthermore, RKSeg+, well configured with few parameters, outperforms state-of-the-art models on six of the ten organ datasets in the Medical Segmentation Decathlon. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Trimap generation with background for natural image matting 3

Trimap generation with background for natural image matting

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3rd International Conference on Optics and Machine Vision, ICOMV 2024

作者： Fu, Qian Liang, Yihui Kun, Zou Feng, Fujian Xu, Xiang School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Computer Science Zhongshan Institute University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan China Guizou Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510680319

Image matting is a widely-used image processing technique that aims at accurately separating foreground from an image. However, this is a challenging and ill-posed problem that demands additional input, such as trimaps and background images, for providing prior knowledge. However, the manual annotation of trimaps require lots of labor, limiting the application of trimap-based methods. Some trimap-free methods explore alternatives with low labor requirements by utilizing captured background images, including background-based methods. However, the quality of alpha mattes predicted by trimap-free methods still fall short of trimap-based methods. To reduce the performance gap between background-based and trimap-based methodes, we present Trimap Generation from Background Image (TG-BG) method which can generate trimaps from the input image and a captured background image. It provides an economical solution to facilitate the application of trimap-based methods, allowing for low-cost and high-quality alpha matte predictions. TP-BG leverages a ViT backbone for feature extraction and employs the Image and Background Detail Fusion Stream (IBDFS) to capture multi-scale detail information. The introduction of foreground impact loss encourages the network to pay more attention to the foreground in the image. We validate the trimap prediction performance of TP-BG by comparing the alpha matte quality obtained by background-based methods and that obtained by trimap-based methods integrated with TP-BG. The experimental results demonstrate that TP-BG can generate high-quality trimap from a background image, and trimap-based methods integrated with TP-BG outperform the state-of-the-art background-based methods in terms of four alpha matte quality metrics. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Costs

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A Study on Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation of Ship Flame Images 29

A Study on Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation of Ship Fla...

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29th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed systems, ICPADS 2023

作者： Wan, Junwei Chen, Yaojie Zheng, Xuecong Wuhan University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330717

In addressing the challenges of limited semantic labeling data and imprecise segmentation regions prevalent in the semantic segmentation of ship flame images, this study introduces a semi-supervised semantic segmentation method tailored for ship flame images. This approach is grounded in the principles of pairwise similarity with strong-weak perturbations. Adopting a pseudo-label self-learning strategy, the method employs weak-strong perturbation pairwise similarity, ensuring the propagation of high-confidence predictions during label generation, and thereby enhancing performance. Additionally, to tackle the inherent difficulties presented by smoke enveloping and obscuring flame regions in ship images, we have conceived a Vertical Continuity Feature Enhancement module. This module empowers the model to discern more explicit inter-class boundaries. Empirical evaluations on our proprietary dataset substantiate the superiority of our method, registering an improvement of 4.12 percentage points in mIoU over other semi-supervised approaches. Such results attest to the efficacy of the proposed pairwise similarity approach and the Vertical Continuity Feature Enhancement module in flame semantic segmentation. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Feature enhancemen Pairwise similarity Semantic segmentation Semi-Supervised learning

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Improved Demonstration-Knowledge Utilization in Reinforcement Learning

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第5期5卷 2139-2150页

作者： Liu, Yanyu Zeng, Yifeng Ma, Biyang Pan, Yinghui Gao, Huifan Zhang, Yuting Xiamen University Xiamen Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Analysis and Decision Department of Automation Xiamen361102 China Northumbria University Department of Computer and Information Sciences NewcastleNE1 8ST United Kingdom Minnan Normal University Department of Computer Science Zhangzhou363000 China Shenzhen University National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen518060 China

Reinforcement learning (RL) has made great success in recent years. Generally, the learning process requires a huge amount of interaction with the environment before an agent can achieve acceptable performance. This motivates many techniques, such as incorporating prior knowledge which is usually presented as experts' demonstration, and using a probability distribution to represent state-and-action values, to accelerate the learning process. The methods perform well when the prior knowledge is genuinely correct and no much change occurs to the learning environment. However, the requirement is not perfectly realistic in many complex applications. The demonstration knowledge may not reflect the true environment and even be full of noise. In this article, we introduce a dynamic distribution merging method to improve knowledge utilization in a general RL algorithm, namely Q-learning. The new method adapts a normal distribution to represent state-action values and merges the prior and learned knowledge in a discriminative way. We theoretically analyze the new learning method and demonstrate its empirical performance over multiple problem domains. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Merging

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Video matting based on local-global features fusion 4

Video matting based on local-global features fusion

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4th International Conference on Machine Learning and computer Application, ICMLCA 2023

作者： Dong, Niuniu Liang, Yihui Zou, Kun Li, Wensheng Feng, Fujian School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China School of Computer Science Zhongshan Institute University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang China

ISBN: (数字)9781510680265

ISBN: (纸本)9781510680258

Video matting aims at accurately separating foreground from videos. Recent video matting researches pursue to eliminate auxiliary inputs. However, due to the limited ability of extracting global correlation features, these methods suffer from performance degradation when dealing with complex scenes or natural background videos. To address this challenge, we propose a video matting method called Video Matting Based on Local-Global Features Fusion (VMBLGFF) which can extract both comprehensive global correlation features and local subtle features. VMBLGFF contains two closely connected networks: a transformer network that utilizes window and global attention mechanisms to obtain global correlation features within and cross windows, and a fusion network that integrates local subtle features into the global correlation features to supplement the local detail information which may be overlooked by the attention mechanisms. VMBLGFF alleviates the issue of limiting global correlation features and has been benchmarked on both synthetic and real datasets, and the results demonstrate that VMBLGFF improves the quality of video matting and exhibits good generalization performance. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： computer vision

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A Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm for Expensive Dynamic Multimodal Optimzation 13

A Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm for Expensive Dy...

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13th IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2024

作者： Wu, Xunfeng Liu, Songbai Ji, Junkai Ma, Lijia Leung, Victor C. M. Shenzhen University National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China The University of British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vancouver Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308365

Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have demonstrated promising optimization performance in addressing expensive dynamic optimization problems or expensive multimodal optimization problems. However, none of existing SAEAs are designed specifically for tackling expensive dynamic multimodal optimization problems (EDMMOPs). Therefore, in this paper, a first SAEA for tackling EDMMOPs is proposed. First, a nearest density clustering is designed to divide the population into a number of subpopulations, enhancing the diversity of the population. Then, a surrogate-assisted evolutionary optimizer is developed to construct surrogate models for each subpopulation and evolve all solutions in subpopulations by means of the built surrogate models, accelerating the population's converge towards several optimal solutions rapidly. Finally, a transfer learning-based prediction is devised to generate initial samples for next environment by leveraging the stored training samples in the previous environments. To assess the performance of our proposed algorithm, a set of complex benchmark problems is adopted, and the experimental results confirm its superior performance over several competitive algorithms on most test cases. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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Intersecting-Boundary-Sensitive Fingerprinting for Tampering Detection of DNN Models 41

Intersecting-Boundary-Sensitive Fingerprinting for Tampering...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Bai, Xiaofan He, Chaoxiang Ma, Xiaojing Zhu, Bin Benjamin Jin, Hai School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System China Services Computing Technology and System Lab China Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security China Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security China Microsoft United States School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Cluster and Grid Computing Lab China

Cloud-based AI services offer numerous benefits but also introduce vulnerabilities, allowing for tampering with deployed DNN models, ranging from injecting malicious behaviors to reducing computing resources. Fingerprint samples are generated to query models to detect such tampering. In this paper, we present Intersecting-Boundary-Sensitive Fingerprinting (IBSF), a novel method for black-box integrity verification of DNN models using only top-1 labels. Recognizing that tampering with a model alters its decision boundary, IBSF crafts fingerprint samples from normal samples by maximizing the partial Shannon entropy of a selected subset of categories to position the fingerprint samples near decision boundaries where the categories in the subset intersect. These fingerprint samples are almost indistinguishable from their source samples. We theoretically establish and confirm experimentally that these fingerprint samples' expected sensitivity to tampering increases with the cardinality of the subset. Extensive evaluation demonstrates that IBSF surpasses existing state-of-the-art fingerprinting methods, particularly with larger subset cardinality, establishing its state-of-the-art performance in black-box tampering detection using only top-1 labels. The IBSF code is available at: https://***/CGCL-codes/IBSF. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： HTTP

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