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Automated Inspection and High-Speed Vision Architectures 1987

作者： Malloch, Charles B. Kwak, William I. Gerhardt, Lester A. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Computer Integrated Manufacturing Program Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering TroyNY12180 United States

The development of a CIM (computer Integrated Manufacturing) environment requires that inspection processes be linked to databases containing the design data. Increased emphasis on flexibility must not be bought at the expense of increased human involvement in producing process directives. The RPI CIM program has developed an automated 3-D inspection system which integrates a CAD database to develop preliminary inspection directives. The design of the inspection system is characterized by real-time operation, an ability to utilize 3-D data originating from both a CAD model and from points on a test piece, the automatic generation of inspection programs based on model features, and the system's sensitivity to tolerancing issues. Inspection of manufactured parts and assemblies often requires large amounts of information in the form of test probe point locations and large amounts of time to perform the inspection. By optimally locating the probe points it is possible to maintain inspection reliability using fewer test probes in a reduced amount of time. A class of sampling schemes has been developed which use part model and manufacturing process information to generate an improved probe-point location set for routine inspection in a model-based, open-loop mode. The objective of the proposed sampling scheme is to optimize the placement of the sample points on the ideal model to minimize the chance of missing a discrepancy. The algorithm which generates the inspection program bases its test-point placement on an estimate of the likelihood of a machining discrepancy at any given point on the part surface. Implemented for evaluation in 2-D, the algorithm has been selected for its ability to be extended to 3-D. Test results show that it performs favorably on a large class of surfaces. © 1988 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inspection

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DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (DMS) - ASPECTS OF FLEET INTRODUCTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第6期100卷 41-47页

作者： BLACKWELL, LM Luther M. Blackwell:is presently the Data Multiplex System (DMS) program manager in the Bridge Control Monitoring and Information Transfer Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He graduated from the University of Maryland in 1964 receiving his BS degree in electrical engineering. After graduating he was employed in the Bureau of Ships where he held project engineering assignments on various ships entertainment magnetic tape recording fiber optics computer mass memory and information transfer systems. He has also pursued graduate studies in engineering management at The George Washington University.

The Data Multiplex System (DMS) is a general-purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1990–2000 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of DMS has increased as various digital control systems throughout naval ships have adopted distributed processing architectures and reconfigurable control consoles, and as the quantity of remotely sensed and controlled equipment throughout the ship has increased manyfold over what it was in past designs. Instead of miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, DMS will meet information transfer needs with general-purpose multiplex cable that will be installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of DMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, will free both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules, and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems. This paper describes the DMS system as it is currently being introduced into the fleet by the U.S. Navy. The results of its design and implementation in the DDG-51 and LHD-1 class ships are also presented.

关键词： Multiplexing Equipment

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APPLICATION OF A GENERAL-PURPOSE CAD SYSTEM IN THE DDG-51 DESIGN PROCESS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 265-274页

作者： AYERS, RE CALLAHAN, PJ KASSEL, B Randy E. Ayers:is a naval architect in the Computer Aided Engineering Division (Sea 507) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S.E. degree cum laude in structural materials and fluids engineering from the University of South Florida in 1979. Mr. Ayers began his career in the naval shipbuilding industry as a structural design engineer for the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Currently he is the computer applications manager for the DDG-51 consultant for other ship design projects and has special responsibility for teaching CAD applications and utilization. He has received a letter of appreciation for his work on the DDG-51 ship design and has earned several superior achievement awards while involved in such projects as the battleship modernization and CIWS. Mr. Ayers has been a project leader for the LHA and FF-1052 class of ships and for a number of other ships undergoing construction. He is also an active member of ASNE. Patrick J. Callahan:is the manager of the Computer Aided Design Branch of the Computer Applications Directorate at Designers & Planners Inc. Mr. Callahan worked at General Dynamics Electric Boat Division for 10 years where he was involved in CAD detail design efforts for the SSBN-726 class and the SSN-688 class submarines. In 1984 he joined M. Rosenblatt & Son Inc. and was CAD design supervisor overseeing the operations of their CAD system. Currently managing the CAD Branch at D&P he is responsible for a variety of CAD projects such as being a key member of the DDG-51 Computer Aided Ship Design Program developing procedures and documentation for systems operation. He served as project manager for the IGES conversion of 650 FFG-7 class drawings from a McAuto to a Computervision database. Most recently he was responsible for generating the digital drawing package for the AO-177 (Jumbo) contract design. Ben Kassel:received his BSME from the University of Maine in 1981 and joined the David Taylor Research Center as a mechanical design engineer and later became the CAD/CAM system

This paper describes how the Naval Sea systems Command (NavSea) applied computer-aided design (CAD) to the DDG-51 class ship design. CAD tools and techniques are described along with a discussion on how new modes of operation, procedures, and standards are being introduced to take full advantage of CAD technology. Because geometric modeling techniques and geometric model analysis are major purposes of a CAD system they are described in detail. An explanation of how the model interfaces with other design tools is also presented. A summary of the computer applications implemented during the DDG-51 design is provided and areas which require additional consideration and future development are identified.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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NTDS - A PAGE IN NAVAL HISTORY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 53-61页

作者： SWENSON, EN MAHINSKE, EB STOUTENBURGH, JS Capt. Erick N. Swenson USNR (Ret.):is a project manager for special projects in the Surface Ship Systems Division Hughes Aircraft Company Fullerton Calif where he has been employed since his retirement from the U.S. Navy in 1975. Originally trained as an electronics technician during WWII in the Captain Eddy program he later received a BS degree in electrical engineering from the University of Rochester Rochester N. Y. in 1950. Subsequent engineering education was received at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Penn. and the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif. After commissioning he was ordered to duty as the electronics division officer on the USSMissouri(BB-63) and electronics ships superintendent at Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco Calif. When the design of the Naval Tactical Data System began in the mid-1950s Lt. (j.g.) Swenson was ordered to the Bureau of Ships Navy Department Washington D.C. as the junior engineering duty only officer assigned to the project. From 1962 to 1965 LCdr. Swenson was assigned as the BuShips technical representative on the program at Remington Rand Univac St. Paul Minn. For the next ten years he returned to BuShips/NavSea/NAVSEC as the NTDS project officer. During this time the project expanded considerably foreign military sales were heavily involved and interoperability with other services and countries were established. His final effort on active duty was to instigate the redesign of the previousSpruanceclass destroyers into the newerAdmiral Kiddclass improvement program. He is a registered professional electrical engineer in the State of California listed inWho's Who in the Worldis a life member of ASNE and chairman of the Long Beach/Greater LA Section. Capt. Edmund B. Mahinske USN (Ret.):is an alumnus of the U.S. Naval Academy the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Harvard Business School. His technical background is in electronics and he specialized in the management of programs involving the application of comp

A little over thirty years ago, a group of naval engineers were assembled by the Bureau of Ships to develop a new system approach to the combat information center (CIC). The CIC of World War II, with its “grease pencil” plots and voice telling of tactical information from sensors and other ships, could no longer provide the timely, coordinated reaction to postwar threats. This project group led the Navy into the new world of large-scale, high-speed digital electronics and into a new mode of conducting naval warfare as well. There were no off-the-shelf computers of the requisite capability, size and reliability; what were available were monstrous vacuum tube computers. There were no display equipments that were “conversant” in both the digital language of the computer and the analog language of the sensors and the weapon systems. Who ever heard, at that time, of a computer running a tactical communication net automatically? It was hard enough to find sufficient numbers of engineers who knew what a digital computer was. This paper, by three naval engineers in the implementing engineering office, depicts the evolvement of the Naval Tactical Data systems (NTDS) as they saw it. It discusses the problems that stemmed from the transition from the old world of analog into the new digital world, the system concepts that steered the development; the key decisions that were made; new electronic equipment and processes that became necessary; and the need of the mangagement to face the real world of deadlines, ship schedules and operational requirements.

关键词： NAVAL WARFARE

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An automated medical record system for a skilled nursing facility

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Journal of Medical systems 1987年第5期11卷 367-380页

作者： Weiler, Philip G. Thorpe, Linda Walters, Richard Chiriboga, David From the Department of Community Health Center for Aging and Health United States the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Computer Science University of California Davis United States D-M Information Systems Inc. United States the Clinical Gerontology Program School of Allied Health Sciences University of Texas United States

This paper reports on the development of an on-line automated medical record system suitable for nursing homes. The software was written in standard MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utilities Multi-programming System) and is easy for the first-time user to operate. The data managed by the system may be divided into four major components, including text tables, the hierarchical problem dictionary, the patient admission data, and the care plan data. The system met all of the project's objectives and has been enthusiastically received by the nursing home staff. © 1987 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

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THE ROLE OF PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN THE LIFE-CYCLE OF A WEAPONS SYSTEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 239-248页

作者： BAILEY, JL The authoris an operations research analyst in the Systems Engineering Branch Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division at the Naval Surface Weapons Center (NSWC). Dr. Bailey received a B. S. degree in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964 a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Tennessee in 1968 and an M. S. in computer science from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1975. He was an assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Tennessee during the 1968-69 academic year then came to NSWC/Dahlgren in September 1969. He worked as an operations research analyst in mine warfare from 1969 to 1978 specializing in minefield planning. He headed the group which developed the minefield planning module of the Mine Warfare Trainer which was delivered to the Fleet and Mine Warfare Training Center in 1978-79. Dr. Bailey served as science advisor to the commander Mine Warfare Command in 1978-79 under the sponsorship of the Navy Science Assistance Program. In 1979-80 he led the development of military value assessment methodology for a ship survivability improvement program. In 1980 he moved to the Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division becoming leader of the Systems Performance Assessment Group in 1981. Dr. Bailey leads a group of analysts who do assessment of the predicted performance of the Aegis combat system and the effects of proposed changes to the system. Dr. Bailey has also served collateral duty as systems analysis manager for the Technical Division of the Aegis Project Office (PMS-400) in the Naval Sea Systems Command since 1981.

Performance analysis is the process of determining the predicted performance of a weapons system. It is generally used to examine predicted performance of systems in a variety of configurations and operational situations; it is accomplished through a variety of techniques, from the computation of straightforward algebraic functions to complex computer simulations. Performance analysis is necessary throughout the life-cycle of weapons systems. It is used to help determine original requirements, for conceptual and detailed design, and to support operational planning and determine upgrade requirements. The development, maintenance, and consistent application of a set of system specific performance analysis methods have enhanced the development of many weapons systems. This paper is in the form of a tutorial on the application of performance analysis techniques, using the development of the Aegis weapons system as a source of examples, and stressing the value of performance analysis methods which have been designed specifically for the Aegis system.

关键词： MILITARY EQUIPMENT

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MASTER ORDNANCE REPAIR APPLIED - STANDARD ITEM 009-67

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 35-42页

作者： STIMSON, WA MARSH, MT UTTICH, RM William A. Stimsonreceived his B.S. degree in mathematics from the University of Texas at El Paso in 1964 and his M.S. degree in engineering from the University of Santa Clara in 1971. He served in the U.S. Army Artillery during the Korean Conflict and subsequently was employed at IBM Huntsville Alabama until 1968 where he worked in the design of automatic control systems of the Saturn vehicle. From 1968 until 1971 he was employed at Ames Research Center Moffett Field in the design of nonlinear control systems for sounding rockets and pencil-shaped spacecraft. Following this Mr. Stimson worked at Hewlett Packard Sunnyvale California as a test engineer in automatic test systems. Since 1973 Mr. Stimson has been employed at the Naval Ship Weapon Systems Engineering Station Port Hueneme. He was a ship qualification trials project supervisor for many years and is now serving as master ordnance repair deputy program manager. Mr. Stimson is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and is program chairman of the Channel Islands Section. Cdr. Michael T. Marsh USNreceived a B.S. in mathematics from the University of Nebraska and was commissioned via the NESEP program in 1970. He holds an M.S. in computer science from the U.S. Navy Postgraduate School and an MBA from the State University of New York. Cdr. Marsh has served in the weapons department of USSFrancis Hammond (FF-1067) and of USSJohn S. McCain (DDG-36). He was weapons officer aboard USSSampson (DDG-10). As an engineering duty officer Cdr. Marsh was the technical design officer for PMS-399 at the FFG-7 Class Combat System Test Center from 1978 to 1982. He is presently combat system officer at SupShip Jacksonville and has been active in the MOR program since its inception. Cdr. Marsh is also the vice chairman of the Jacksonville Section of ASNE. LCdr. Richard M. Uttich USNholds B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering from Stanford University. He enlisted in the Navy in 1965 serving as an electronics technician aboard USSNereus (A

The 600-ship United States Navy offers private shipyards an unprecedented opportunity for overhaul of surface combatants with complex combat systems. Recognizing the new challenge associated with the overhaul of high technology combat systems in the private sector, the Navy in 1983 established the master ordnance repair (MOR) program. This program, a joint effort of the Naval Sea systems Command (NAVSEA) and the Shipbuilders Council of America (SCA), was designed to identify and qualify those companies and private shipyards technically capable of managing combat systems work and conducting combat system testing. Standard Item 009–67 describes the role of the MOR company in combat system overhaul. It defines terms that are important to understanding the item itself, and imposes upon the prime contractor an obligation to utilize the MOR subcontractor in a managerial capacity. Specific tasks are assigned to the MOR company in planning, production, and testing. Finally, this standard item describes to the Navy planner how to estimate the size of the MOR team appropriate to the work package, a feature that will ensure that combat system bids are tailored to a specific availability.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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A NAVAL WARFARE DEVELOPMENT SITE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第1期98卷 25-29页

作者： LANGSTON, MJ POOLE, JR LCDR. Marvin J. Langston USN is presently located in a staff office to RAdm. Wayne E. Meyer USN deputy commander weapons and combat systems. Currently he is working to define battle force system engineering. Prior to that time he served as command & decision and Aegis display system computer program development manager for DDG-51 class development. He spent three years in St. Paul Minnesota as the NA VSEA technical representative working on DDG-993 class combat system testing DDG-2/15 class NTDS development and ACDS concept development. He served as assistant electronic maintenance officer on USS America CV-66. LCdr. Langston has prior enlisted service in nuclear power reactor operation and holds an MSEE from the Naval Postgraduate School and a BSEE from Purdue University. Capt. James R. Poole USN (Ret.) is a 1957 graduate of the United States Naval Academy and has served in a variety of sea and shore billets during his 28 year naval career. Sea assignments included tours in destroyers submarines (conventional fleet and nuclear missile) logistic support ships and USS Norton Sound as commanding officer during at-sea evaluation of the Aegis EDM-1 weapon system. Shore tours at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School staff COMSUBLANT Aegis Project Office and Aegis Techrep RCA Moorestown N.J. preceded his final active duty assignment as deputy for operations U.S. Naval Academy. Capt. Poole has been a designated WSAM since 1975. He is currently employed by Advanced Technology Incorporated.

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AUTOMATION OF PROPELLER INSPECTION AND FINISHING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 124-131页

作者： STERN, H METZGER, R Howard K. Stern:is presently vice president of Robotic Vision Systems Inc. He received a bachelor of electrical engineering degree from College of the City of New York in 1960. Mr. Stern joined Dynell Electronics Corporation in 1971 and became part of the Robotic Vision Systems Inc. staff at the time of its spin-off from Dynell. He was program manager of the various three-dimensional sensing and replication systems constructed by Dynell and Robotic Vision Systems. As program manager his responsibilities encompassed technical administrative and operational areas. The first two portrait sculpture studio systems and the first three replication systems built by Robotic Vision Systems Inc. were designed manufactured and operated under his direction. Before joining Dynell Mr. Stern was a senior engineer at Instrument Systems Corporation and chief engineer of the Special Products Division of General Instrument Corporation. Prior to these positions Mr. Stern was chief engineer of Edo Commercial Corporation. At General Instrument and Edo Commercial he was responsible for the design and manufacture of military and commercial avionics equipment. Mr. Stern is presently responsible for directing the systems design and development for all of the company's programs. Robert J. Metzger:is currently engineering group leader at Robotic Vision Systems Inc. He graduated summa cum laude from the Cooper Union in 1972 with a bachelor of electrical engineering degree. Under sponsorship of a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship he graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974 with the degrees of electrical engineer and master of science (electrical engineering). In 1979 Mr. Metzger graduated from Polytechnic Institute of New York with the degree of master of science (computer science). Since 1974 Mr. Metzger has been actively engaged in the design of systems and software for noncontact threedimensional optical measurement for both military and commercial applications. Of particular note are his c

Ship's propellers are currently measured by manual procedures using pitchometers, templates and gauges. This measurement process is extremely tedious, labor intensive and time consuming. In an effort to provide increased accuracy, repeatability and cost effectiveness in propeller manufacture, an automated propeller optical measurement system (APOMS) has been built which rapidly and automatically scans an entire ship's propeller using a 3-D vision sensor. This equipment is integrated with a propeller robotic automated templating system (PRATS) and the propeller optical finishing system (PROFS) which robotically template and grind the propeller to its final shape, using the APOMS-derived data for control feedback. The optical scanning and the final shape are both controlled by CAD/CAM data files describing the desired propeller shape. An automated propeller balancing system is incorporated into the PROFS equipment. The APOMS/PRATS/PROFS equipment is expected to provide lower propeller manufacturing costs.

关键词： PROPELLERS

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR PACIFIC FLEET FF-1052 CLASS SHIPS TO SAVE ENERGY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 315-321页

作者： PEHLIVAN, H KENYON, CW Hasan Pehlivan:received his BS in marine engineering from the Merchant Marine Academy (Turkey) in 1971 and his MS degree from Old Dominion University (Norfolk) in 1975. He was employed by D.B. Cargo Line (Turkey) as an engineering officer on ocean-going cargo vessels from 1971 to 1973. After receiving his masters degree in power engineering in 1975 he was employed by J.J. Henry Co. Inc. in Washington DC where he was involved in supporting the DTNSRDC Shipboard Energy Conservation Program which included the development of the steam system simulation (STMSYS) heat balance computer program for FF-1052/1078 class frigates. In addition he was cognizant engineer for various fluid systems designs for PCG and CSGN. In 1978 he joined M. Rosenblatt & Sons Inc. where he was cognizant engineer for various fluid systems designs for CVV DDG-51 and ARS-50. He was also leading engineer in support of DTNSRDC for the development of innovative machinery options for the baseline DD-963. In 1980 he joined NKF Engineering Inc. where he directs and performs DTNSRDC ship energy conservation analyses for frigates cruisers destroyers and aircraft carriers. He has been assisting the NAVSEA energy office in directing and performing Ship Energy Conservation Assist Team (SECAT) surveys aboard Navy ships since 1982. Mr. Pehlivan is currently manager of ship auxiliary systems in charge of the design and development of fluid systems pollution abatement distilling plants etc. He is a member of ASNE. Clarence W. Kenyon:graduated from the State University of New York Maritime College in 1960 and sailed on a third assistant engineer's license with Isbrandtsen Steamship Company before accepting an engineering position with the Long Beach Naval Shipyard in 1961 where he worked in the Steam Propulsion and Auxiliaries Section and the Mechanical and Hydraulic Section. He also taught a course in engineering fundamentals to engineering technicians in the evenings. In 1963 he accepted a position with the Space Division of North American Avia

The shipboard energy conservation assist team (SECAT) program was introduced to the US Pacific Surface Fleet (SURFPAC) in 1983 following one year testing in the US Atlantic Surface Fleet (SURFLANT). Experiences aboard SURFLANT ships had provided the basis for improvements which could also be applied to SURFPAC ships. Chief among these improvements were simple fuel measurement, fuel curve development methods, an energy survey checklist, and an equipment status board which identifies economic machinery alignments. The first SURFPAC ship to receive a SECAT visit was a FF-1052 class ship. Fuel consumption was significantly higher on this ship than the six FF-1052/1078 class SURFLANT ships previously visited. SECAT immediately looked for reasons for this increase in fuel consumption. Three significant changes received by this ship and not received by the six SURFLANT ships were identified. They were a new design economizer, Navjet vice Wallsend burners, and removal of overload control valves on the forced draft blowers. Another SURFPAC frigate with the same three changes was visited to validate the results obtained from the first ship. This paper discusses recent improvements to the SECAT program. It also examines the differences in fuel consumption observed between SURFLANT and SURFPAC FF-1052/1078 class ships. The economics of potential solutions to the higher fuel consumption problem aboard SURFPAC ships is analyzed with special emphasis on alternative burner designs and forced draft blower changes. Recommendations are made to reduce fuel consumption both by equipment changes and expanded energy initiatives.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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