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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： J.R. Bellegarda P.V. de Souza D. Nahamoo M. Padmanabhan M.A. Picheny L.R. Bahl Advanced Technology Group Apple Computer Inc. Cupertino CA USA T J Watson Research Center IBM Research Yorktown Heights NY USA

Speaker adaptation typically involves customizing some existing (reference) models in order to account for the characteristics of a new speaker. This work considers the slightly different paradigm of customizing some reference data for the purpose of populating the new speaker's space, and then using the resulting (augmented) data to derive the customized models. The data augmentation technique is based on the metamorphic algorithm first proposed in Bellegarda et al. [1992], assuming that a relatively modest amount of data (100 sentences) is available from each new speaker. This contraint requires that reference speakers be selected with some care. The performance of this method is illustrated on a portion of the Wall Street Journal task.

关键词： Training data Hidden Markov models Error analysis Loudspeakers Switches Speech recognition Vocabulary Prototypes Speech analysis Testing

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AUTOMATED OPPOSING FORCES FOR TRAINING SIMULATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1995年第3期107卷 245-252页

作者： ANTON, PS MCADOW, KL SMITH, DB LEHNER, PE SHARP, MA Dr. Philip S. Anton:is currently the Terhnology Area Manager of Modeling and Reasoning in the MITRE Advanced Information Technologies Center. His research at MITRE has included behavioral models of military doctrine and command environmental modeling and reasoning for command forces and intelligent simulations of military entities. His other interests include neural networks artificial intelligence and intelligent agents. Dr. Anton received a U.S. degree in Computer Engineering from UCLA and an M.S. degree and a Ph.D in Computational Neuroscience from the University of California. Irvine After finishing nuclear power training Mr. McAdow served as an Engineering Department Division Officer on USS Mariano G. Vallejo (SSBN 658). He then worked as a civilian far the Naval Coastal Systems Center and then far Martin Marietta Aero and Naval Systems in the development of various submarine systems and unmanned undersea vehicles. David Smith:has been a member of the technical staff at MITRE s Advanced Information Technologies center since 1993. He has a B.S. degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from Albright College and an M.S. degree in Information and Computer Science from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Paul Lehner:is a part-time Principal Scientist in the MITRE Advanced Information Technologies Center. In addition. Dr. Lehner is an Associate Professor of Systems Engineering at George Mason University. His research at MITRE has included automated planning and scheduling adversarial planning and reasoning against uncertainty. Dr. Lehner received a B.S. degree in Psychology from Bethany College. He also holds M.S. degrees in Psychology and Mathematics and a Ph.D. in Mathematical Psychology from the University of Michigan. Prior to his current employment at MITRE and at George Mason University Dr. Lehner served as the Technical Director of the Decision Sciences Section at PAR Government Systems Corporation. After finishing nuclear power training Cdr. Sharp served as an Engineering Department Divisi

Providing realistic opposing forces is critical to the successful use of military training simulations. Unfortunately, a number of issues can make the manual control of realistic opposing forces difficult or unattainable, This paper explores these issues while discussing how Automatic Interactive Targets (AITs) can assist Training Exercise Controllers (TECs) in providing validated and realistic opposing forces in highly interactive situations. The features of the prototype Remote AIT Processing System (RAPS) are used to demonstrate how an AIT system can be designed to meet TEC requirements for automated entities, RAPS can provide remote control of AITs for existing or new systems while providing sufficient features to allow a TEC to appropriately select and control AITs for individual training exercises and crew proficiencies.

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A G1 TRIANGULAR SPLINE SURFACE OF ARBITRARY TOPOLOGICAL TYPE

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computer AIDED GEOMETRIC DESIGN 1994年第3期11卷 303-330页

作者： LOOP, C Advanced Technology Group Apple Computer Inc. 1 Infinite Loop MS: 301-3J Cupertino CA 95014 USA

A piecewise G1 spline surface composed of sextic triangular Bezier patches in one-to-one correspondence with the faces of a triangular control mesh is presented. Surfaces of arbitrary topological type are created by approximating any mesh that represents a triangulated 2-manifold. The surface has local support and is affine invariant. A set of shape parameters are available for additional local control over the shape of the surface. If some local regularities are present in the structure of the control mesh, then the corresponding patches may be parametrized as quintic or even quartic Bezier triangles. In the case of a regular triangulation (with appropriate shape parameters), the surface generated by this method is equivalent to a quartic C2 triangular B-spline.

关键词： ARBITRARY TOPOLOGICAL TYPE TRIANGULAR SPLINES TRIANGULAR PATCHES GEOMETRIC CONTINUITY

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Towards large vocabulary mandarin Chinese speech recognition

Towards large vocabulary mandarin Chinese speech recognition

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Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. Part 2 (of 6)

作者： Hon, Hsiaa-Wuen Yuan, Baosheng Chow, Yen-Lu Narayan, Shankar Lee, Kai-Fu Advanced Technology Group Apple Computer Inc. CupertinoCA95014 United States

Although commercial dictation products are beginning to emerge for English, the existence of a convenient keyboard has prevented pervasive use of dictation. On the other hand, for non-alphabetic languages like Chinese, there is no convenient input method. Therefore, dictation may already be 2 more appealing input method, for Chinese. In this paper, we demonstrate that our subsyllable HMM recognizer and tone classifier are able to yield state-of-the-art Mandarin Chinese syllable and tone recognition performance (95.7% for Syuables and 98.9% for tones). By combining the HMM syllable recognizer and tone classifier, the tOM1 syllable result (94%) appears adequate for a syllable-base dictation machine. Finally, to alleviate the homophone problem of syllable dictation, we developed a high-performance 5,000-word recognition system with 93% accurate for correct answer and 99% for top 3 candidates. © 1994 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.

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Supporting collaborative learning through the use of electronic conversational props 4th

Supporting collaborative learning through the use of electro...

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4th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction, EWHCI 1994

作者： Bellamy, R.K.E. Cooper, E.B.W. Borovoy, R.D. Advanced Technology Group Apple Computer Inc. 1 Infinite Loop 301-3E CupertinoCA95014 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540586487

This paper explores the use of electronic ‘conversational props’ to facilitate collaborative learning. Model-Based Communication (MBC), a technology that links application views, video and text messages — these application views are props for the conversation encoded in the messages — has been applied to the educational domain, the resulting application is called Media Fusion. This paper describes an ethnographic study of Media Fusion, where students in California and Washington D.C. used Media Fusion to explore and collaborate around issues concerning global warming. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994.

关键词： E-learning

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Vector-quantization-based video codec for software-only playback on personal computers

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Multimedia Systems 1994年第5期2卷 191-203页

作者： Wang, Katherine S. Normile, James O. Wu, Hsi-Jung Rodriguez, Arturo A. Advanced Technology Group Apple Computer Inc. One Infinite Loop Cupertino 95014 CA United States Kaleida Labs Inc. Mountain View 94043 CA United States

This paper discusses a video compression and decompression method based on vector quantization (VQ) for use on general purpose computer systems without specialized hardware. After describing basic VQ coding, we survey common VQ variations and discuss their impediments in light of the target application. We discuss how the proposed video codec was designed to reduce computational complexity in every principal task of the video codec process. We propose a classified VQ scheme that satisfies the data rate, image quality, decoding speed, and encoding speed objectives for software-only video playback. The functional components of the proposed VQ method are covered in detail. The method employs a pseudo-YUV color space and criteria to detect temporal redundancy and low spatial frequency regions. A treestructured-codebook generation algorithm is proposed to reduce encoding execution time while preserving image quality. Two separate vector codebooks, each generated with the treestructured search, are employed for detail and low spatial frequency blocks. Codebook updating and sharing are proposed to further improve encoder speed and compression. © 1994 Springer-Verlag.

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Constructing new interface frameworks 94

Constructing new interface frameworks

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Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 1994

作者： Mountford, S. Joy Design Center Advanced Technology Group Apple Computer Inc. M/S 301-3H One Infinite Loop CupertinoCA95014 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897916514

The design frameworks used successfully in the past by the interface community are largely becoming outmoded. Given current trends toward more personal, portable, media-based products the CHI community needs to revise their design frameworks to help shape a new cycle of interaction design. This talk will use media-based examples to show how the past has been influenced and present some new interface frameworks to help guide future interface design directions. © 1994 ACM.

关键词： Product design

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Collaborative multimedia: Ge'lting beyond the obvious 2

Collaborative multimedia: Ge'lting beyond the obvious

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2nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MULTIMEDIA 1994

作者： Nardi, Bonnie Bly, Sara Isaacs, Ellen Wei, Sha Xin Whittaker, Steve Advanced Technology Group Apple Computer United States Xerox PARC United States SunSoft United States Stanford University United States Lotus Development Corp. United States

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How to make "complex" software customizable

How to make "complex" software customizable

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： J.C. Spohrer A. Cypher A. James R. Kleiman E. Ohmaye D.C. Smith Advanced Technology Group Apple Computer Inc. Cupertino CA USA

KidSim and Puppeteer are two authoring tools that allow non-programmers to create and customize interactive educational simulations. KidSim and Puppeteer illustrate the effectiveness of task specific authoring tools as an approach to making complex software that is customizable. In this paper, a brief description of these two task specific tools is provided, and then enabling technology for building task specific tools is discussed.< >

关键词： Software tools

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Virtual Permanent Connection: network computing over switch-based high-speed networks

Virtual Permanent Connection: network computing over switch-...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)

作者： Mengjou Lin D.H.C. Du Advanced Technology Group Apple Computer Inc. Cupertino CA USA Computer Science Department University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

Recent progress in switch based high speed local area networks (LANs) makes distributed network computing promising. Three evolving switch based high speed networks are the High Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI), Fiber Channel (FC), and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) standards. We study how high performance computing can be carried out over such networks. High performance computing can be characterized as follows: it includes multiple modules and each module is executed in a processor; its communication data flow forms a special application topology and usually such application topologies are regular; and it requires frequent communication between adjacent modules in the application topology. In order to reduce the amount of time required for a processor to set up a connection during the execution of an application, we propose a new communication protocol called the Virtual Permanent Connection (VPC). For a given application topology, a set of connections are set up and permanently maintained during the execution of the application. Communication between processors are via this group of connections. We study how a set of VPCs are chosen based on a given application topology (this process is called application topology embedding).

关键词： computer networks Switches Network topology Asynchronous transfer mode High performance computing Local area networks Distributed computing High-speed networks Optical fiber communication Optical fiber LAN

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