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When Software Security Meets Large Language Models:A Survey

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第2期12卷 317-334页

作者： Xiaogang Zhu Wei Zhou Qing-Long Han Wanlun Ma Sheng Wen Yang Xiang IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology

Software security poses substantial risks to our society because software has become part of our life. Numerous techniques have been proposed to resolve or mitigate the impact of software security issues. Among them, software testing and analysis are two of the critical methods, which significantly benefit from the advancements in deep learning technologies. Due to the successful use of deep learning in software security, recently,researchers have explored the potential of using large language models(LLMs) in this area. In this paper, we systematically review the results focusing on LLMs in software security. We analyze the topics of fuzzing, unit test, program repair, bug reproduction, data-driven bug detection, and bug triage. We deconstruct these techniques into several stages and analyze how LLMs can be used in the stages. We also discuss the future directions of using LLMs in software security, including the future directions for the existing use of LLMs and extensions from conventional deep learning research.

关键词： Large language models (LLMs) software analysis software security software testing

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Secure beamforming and deployment design for rate-splitting multiple access-based UAV communications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 342-356页

作者： Bing WANG Xiaofeng TAO Shujun HAN Huici WU Kai YANG Zhu HAN National Engineering Research Center of Mobile Network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Peng Cheng Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston

Rate-splitting multiple access(RSMA) has recently gained attention as a potential robust multiple access(MA)scheme for upcoming wireless networks. Given its ability to efficiently utilize wireless resources and design interference management strategies, it can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) networks to provide convenient services for large-scale access ground users. However, due to the line-of-sight(LoS) broadcast nature of UAV transmission, information is susceptible to eavesdropping in RSMA-based UAV networks. Moreover, the superposition of signals at the receiver in such networks becomes complicated. To cope with the challenge, we propose a two-user multi-input single-output(MISO) RSMA-based UAV secure transmission framework in downlink communication networks. In a passive eavesdropping scenario, our goal is to maximize the sum secrecy rate by optimizing the transmit beamforming and deployment location of the UAV-base station(UAV-BS),while considering quality-of-service(QoS) constraints, maximum transmit power, and flight space limitations. To address the non-convexity of the proposed problem, the optimization problem is first decoupled into two subproblems. Then, the successive convex approximation(SCA) method is employed to solve each subproblem using different propositions. In addition, an alternating optimization(AO)-based location RSMA(L-RSMA) beamforming algorithm is developed to implement joint optimization to obtain the suboptimal solution. Numerical results demonstrate that(1) the proposed L-RSMA scheme yields a28.97% higher sum secrecy rate than the baseline L-space division multiple access(SDMA) scheme;(2) the proposed L-RSMA scheme improves the security performance by 42.61% compared to the L-non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) scheme.

关键词： rate-splitting multiple access UAV communication precoding optimization deployment location physical layer security

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Deep learning for code generation: a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 5-40页

作者： Huangzhao ZHANG Kechi ZHANG Zhuo LI Jia LI Jia LI Yongmin LI Yunfei ZHAO Yuqi ZHU Fang LIU Ge LI Zhi JIN Key Lab of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University) Ministry of Education School of Computer Science Peking University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University

In the past decade, thanks to the powerfulness of deep-learning techniques, we have witnessed a whole new era of automated code generation. To sort out developments, we have conducted a comprehensive review of solutions to deep learning-based code generation. In this survey, we generally formalize the pipeline and procedure of code generation and categorize existing solutions according to taxonomy from perspectives of architecture, model-agnostic enhancing strategy, metrics, and tasks. In addition, we outline the challenges faced by current dominant large models and list several plausible directions for future research. We hope that this survey may provide handy guidance to understanding, utilizing, and developing deep learning-based code-generation techniques for researchers and practitioners.

关键词： code generation automated software engineering deep learning large model artificial intelligence

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Formal Verification of Data Modifications in Cloud Block Storage Based on Separation Logic

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 112-127页

作者： Bowen ZHANG Zhao JIN Hanpin WANG Yongzhi CAO Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (MOE) School of Computer Science Peking University School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou University School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering Guangzhou University

Cloud storage is now widely used, but its reliability has always been a major concern. Cloud block storage(CBS) is a famous type of cloud storage. It has the closest architecture to the underlying storage and can provide interfaces for other types. Data modifications in CBS have potential risks such as null reference or data *** verification of these operations can improve the reliability of CBS to some extent. Although separation logic is a mainstream approach to verifying program correctness, the complex architecture of CBS creates some challenges for verifications. This paper develops a proof system based on separation logic for verifying the CBS data modifications. The proof system can represent the CBS architecture, describe the properties of the CBS system state, and specify the behavior of CBS data modifications. Using the interactive verification approach from Coq, the proof system is implemented as a verification tool. With this tool, the paper builds machine-checked proofs for the functional correctness of CBS data modifications. This work can thus analyze the reliability of cloud storage from a formal perspective.

关键词： Formal verification Separation logic Cloud block storage Verification tool Coq

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Investigating mobility patterns through crowd-sourced activity data

Advances in Transportation Studies

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Advances in Transportation Studies 2025年 65卷 253-270页

作者： Castiglione, M. Cipriani, E. Gemma, A. Nigro, M. Department of Civil Computer Science Aeronautical Technologies Engineering Roma Tre University Rome00146 Italy

Investigating trip purposes represents an important phase of travel demand modeling which allows to correctly infer mobility patterns and to better understand travel behavior. Until now, researchers collected information on the motivation for carrying out a trip mainly through travel surveys. However, traditional methods of acquiring this type of information are challenging and expensive to implement;therefore, they are typically performed infrequently and with low sampling rates. These two occurrences do not always allow for adequate representation of the heterogeneity of trip purposes. This paper aims to investigate trip purposes through the joint processing of GPS-based data, such as Floating Car Data (FCD), and aggregated activity data available through open-source platforms, such as Google Popular Times (GPT), which provide information on the daily distribution of visits in a certain activity venue as well as the average visit duration based on aggregated data obtained from users who share their mobile phones geotraces. Through the application of clustering techniques on a FCD dataset containing trips carried out between September and November 2020 in the EUR district of Rome, Italy, we classify the trips as Home-Work trips and Not Home-Work trips, obtaining a total of 96 Origin-Destination matrices (one for every 15 minute time interval). Not Home-Work trips are further examined, exploiting 6 patterns obtained through the clustering of GPT activity data, and classified according to the arrival time at destination and the duration of their stopover. The obtained Origin-Destination matrices have been compared to values found in literature in terms of spatial and temporal flexibility to validate the results. © 2025, Aracne Editrice. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spatio-temporal data

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Topological edge conduction induced by strong anisotropic exchange interactions

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Physical Review B 2024年第10期110卷 L100407页

作者： Shehrin Sayed Pratik Brahma Cheng-Hsiang Hsu Sayeef Salahuddin Materials Sciences Division Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Headway Technologies Inc. Milpitas California 95035 USA

We predict that an interplay between isotropic and anisotropic exchange interactions in a honeycomb lattice structure can lead to topological edge conduction when the anisotropic interaction is at least twice the strength of the isotropic interaction. For materials like Na2IrO3, such a strong anisotropic exchange interaction simultaneously induces a zigzag type of antiferromagnetic order that breaks the time-reversal symmetry of the topological edge conductor. We show that the electronic transport in such topological conductors will exhibit a quantized Hall conductance without any external magnetic field when the Fermi energy lies within a particular energy range.

关键词： Exchange interaction Magnetic order Quantum Hall effect Quantum transport Spintronics Topological phase transition Topological materials

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An infrastructure software perspective toward computation offloading between executable specifications and foundation models

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 380-382页

作者： Dezhi RAN Mengzhou WU Yuan CAO Assaf MARRON David HAREL Tao XIE Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (PKU) Ministry of Education School of Computer SciencePeking University School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science

Foundation models(FMs) [1] have revolutionized software development and become the core components of large software systems. This paradigm shift, however, demands fundamental re-imagining of software engineering theories and methodologies [2]. Instead of replacing existing software modules implemented by symbolic logic, incorporating FMs' capabilities to build software systems requires entirely new modules that leverage the unique capabilities of ***, while FMs excel at handling uncertainty, recognizing patterns, and processing unstructured data, we need new engineering theories that support the paradigm shift from explicitly programming and maintaining user-defined symbolic logic to creating rich, expressive requirements that FMs can accurately perceive and implement.

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Exploring Multi-Task Learning for Forecasting Energy-Cost Resource Allocation in IoT-Cloud Systems

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4603-4620页

作者： Mohammad Aldossary Hatem A.Alharbi Nasir Ayub Department of Computer Engineering and Information College of EngineeringPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Al-Dawasir11991Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMadinah42353Saudi Arabia Department of Creative Technologies Air University IslamabadIslamabad44000Pakistan

Cloud computing has become increasingly popular due to its capacity to perform computations without relying on physical infrastructure,thereby revolutionizing computer ***,the rising energy consumption in cloud centers poses a significant challenge,especially with the escalating energy *** paper tackles this issue by introducing efficient solutions for data placement and node management,with a clear emphasis on the crucial role of the Internet of Things(IoT)throughout the research *** IoT assumes a pivotal role in this study by actively collecting real-time data from various sensors strategically positioned in and around data *** sensors continuously monitor vital parameters such as energy usage and temperature,thereby providing a comprehensive dataset for *** data generated by the IoT is seamlessly integrated into the Hybrid TCN-GRU-NBeat(NGT)model,enabling a dynamic and accurate representation of the current state of the data center *** the incorporation of the Seagull Optimization Algorithm(SOA),the NGT model optimizes storage migration strategies based on the latest information provided by IoT *** model is trained using 80%of the available dataset and subsequently tested on the remaining 20%.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,with a Mean Squared Error(MSE)of 5.33%and a Mean Absolute Error(MAE)of 2.83%,accurately estimating power prices and leading to an average reduction of 23.88%in power ***,the integration of IoT data significantly enhances the accuracy of the NGT model,outperforming benchmark algorithms such as DenseNet,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Decision Trees,and *** NGT model achieves an impressive accuracy rate of 97.9%,surpassing the rates of 87%,83%,80%,and 79%,respectively,for the benchmark *** findings underscore the effectiveness of the proposed method in optimizing energy efficiency and enhancing the predictive

关键词： Cloud computing energy efficiency data center optimization internet of things(IoT) hybrid models

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Multi-objective cloud load-balancing with hybrid optimization

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2023年第10期45卷 611-625页

作者： Geeta, Koppula Kamakshi Prasad, V. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies Basar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering JNTUH College of Engineering Hyderabad India

In this study, the cloud computing platform is equipped with a hybrid multi-objective meta-heuristic optimization-based load balancing model. Physical Machine (PM) allocates a specific virtual machine (VM) depending on multiple criteria, such as the amount of memory used, migration expenses, power usage, and the load balancing settings, upon receiving a request to handle a cloud user's duties (‘Response time, Turnaround time, and Server load’). Additionally, the optimal virtual machine (VM) is chosen for efficient load balancing by utilizing the recently proposed hybrid optimization approach. The Cat and Mouse-Based Optimizer (CMBO) and Standard Dingo Optimizer (DXO) are conceptually blended together to get the proposed hybridization method known as Dingo Customized Cat mouse Optimization (DCCO). The developed method achieves the lowest server load in cloud environment 1 is 33.3%, 40%, 42.3%, 40.2%, 36.8%, 42.5%, 50%, 40.2%, 39.2% improved over MOA, ABC, CSO, SSO, SSA, ACSO, SMO, CMBO, BOA, DOX, and FF-PSO, respectively. Finally, the projected DCCO model has been evaluated in terms of makespan, memory usage, migration cost, response time, usage of power server load, turnaround time, throughput, and convergence. ABBREVIATION: CDC, cloud data center;CMODLB, Clustering-based Multiple Objective Dynamic Load Balancing As A Load Balancing;CSP, Cloud service providers;CSSA, Chaotic Squirrel Search Algorithm;DA, Dragonfly Algorithm;ED, Euclidean Distance;EDA-GA, Estimation Of Distribution Algorithm And GA;FF, FireFly algorithm;GA, Genetic Algorithm;HHO, Harris Hawk Optimization;IaaS, Infrastructure-as-a-Service;MGWO, Modified Mean Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm;MMHHO, Mantaray modified multi-objective Harris Hawk optimization;MRFO, Manta Ray Forging Optimization;PaaS, Platform-as-a-Service;PM, Physical Machine;PSO, Particle Swarm Optimization;SaaS, Software-as-a-Service;SAW, Sample additive weighting;SLA-LB, Service Level Agreement-Based Load Balancing;TBTS, Threshold-Bas

关键词： Electric power utilization

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Static Arabic Sign Language Recognition in Real Time Using Machine Learning and MediaPipe 1

Static Arabic Sign Language Recognition in Real Time Using M...

引用

1st International Conference on Emerging technologies for Dependable Internet of Things, ICETI 2024

作者： Hussein, Lamis Ali Mohammed, Ziad Saeed Computer Engineering Technologies Department Northern Technical University Technical Engineering College/Mosul Mosul Iraq Computer Engineering Technologies Department Northern Technical University Technical Engineering College for Computer and AI Mosul Iraq

ISBN: (纸本)9798331533557

Sign language is a form of visual communication used by individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing to communicate. This visual language relies on gestures, handshapes, facial expressions, and body movements to convey meaning rather than spoken words. Therefore, to improve the lives of deaf or hard of hearing people in the Arab community, a more comfortable approach to learning and working must be developed. This paper presents an interactive computer vision-based system for recognizing static hand gestures (letters and numbers) in Arabic sign language in real-time. The MediaPipe framework is used to extract features (hand landmarks) from each image, and a support vector machine to recognize the static gesture inputted in front of the camera and then translate it into its equivalent text and voice, an approach developed to bridge the communication gap between deaf and hearing people. Experiments were conducted using HopeArSL, a large dataset that collected 12,000 images of 40 Arabic sign language gestures. This approach's experiments showed 100% and 99.94% training accuracy for numbers and alphabet letters, respectively. The accuracy and average response time in real-time for numbers and alphabet letters were (98.08%, 1.43 ms) and (99.09%, 7.48 ms), respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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