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computer-based learning in the physical sciences

Physics Education 1972年第3期7卷 136-142页

作者： Abbatt, F.R. Cook, G.B. Hartley, J.R. Rawson, M.E. Shaw, M. Research Councils' Computer Based Learning Project University of Leeds United Kingdom Whitwood Mining and Technical College

The emphasis is on the multi-terminal computing system as a valuable educational resource which will permit individualized instruction to be given to students. A brief account given of the hardware and software requirements for a computer-based learning system and a short review of computer-based methods are given. An account of some of the work in progress at Leeds University with special reference to the physical sciences is given.

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CR3DT: Camera-RADAR Fusion for 3D Detection and Tracking

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Baumann, Nicolas Baumgartner, Michael Ghignone, Edoardo Kühne, Jonas Fischer, Tobias Yang, Yung-Hsu Pollefeys, Marc Magno, Michele The Center for Project-Based Learning D-ITET ETH Zurich Switzerland The Computer Vision and Geometry Group D-INFK ETH Zurich Switzerland

To enable self-driving vehicles accurate detection and tracking of surrounding objects is essential. While Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors have set the benchmark for high-performance systems, the appeal of camera-only solutions lies in their cost-effectiveness. Notably, despite the prevalent use of Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) sensors in automotive systems, their potential in 3D detection and tracking has been largely disregarded due to data sparsity and measurement noise. As a recent development, the combination of RADARs and cameras is emerging as a promising solution. This paper presents Camera-RADAR 3D Detection and Tracking (CR3DT), a camera-RADAR fusion model for 3D object detection, and Multi-Object Tracking (MOT). Building upon the foundations of the State-of-the-Art (SotA) camera-only BEVDet architecture, CR3DT demonstrates substantial improvements in both detection and tracking capabilities, by incorporating the spatial and velocity information of the RADAR sensor. Experimental results demonstrate an absolute improvement in detection performance of 5.3% in mean Average Precision (mAP) and a 14.9% increase in Average Multi-Object Tracking Accuracy (AMOTA) on the nuScenes dataset when leveraging both modalities. CR3DT bridges the gap between high-performance and cost-effective perception systems in autonomous driving, by capitalizing on the ubiquitous presence of RADAR in automotive applications. The code is available at: https://***/ETH-PBL/CR3DT. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Radar measurement

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Removing Scattered Light in Biomedical Images via an Unsupervised Deep Neural Network

Removing Scattered Light in Biomedical Images via an Unsuper...

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Data Science and Engineering in Healthcare, Medicine and Biology, IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference on

作者： Yuanhao Gong Meng Xu Yawei Li Michele Magno Faculty of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University China School of Computer Science Queen Mary University of London U.K. Computer Vision Lab ETH Zurich Switzerland Center for Project-based Learning ETH Zurich Switzerland

Scattered light is unavoidable during biomedical imaging, leading to downgraded images. Removing such scattered light, however, is challenging, because the imaging objects are complex and the light path is complicated. In this paper, we propose to use deep learning methods to computationally remove such scattered light. Inspired by the dehazing methods for natural images, we first developed a novel mathematical model for biomedical images. Then, we developed a deep neural network method to solve this model. Our network simultaneously estimates the clear image and the scattered light. Several experiments are conducted to confirm the network’s effectiveness and efficiency.

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High-accuracy ranging and localization with ultra-wideband communications for energy-constrained devices

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Flueratoru, Laura Wehrli, Silvan Magno, Michele Lohan, Elena Simona Niculescu, Dragoş Department of Computer Science University Politehnica of Bucharest Romania Department of Electrical Engineering Tampere University Finland 3db Access AG Project-Based Learning Center ETH Zürich Switzerland

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communications have gained popularity in recent years for being able to provide distance measurements and localization with high accuracy, which can enhance the capabilities of devices in the Internet of Things (IoT). Since energy efficiency is of utmost concern in such applications, in this work we evaluate the power and energy consumption, distance measurements, and localization performance of two types of UWB physical interfaces (PHYs), which use either a low- or high-rate pulse repetition (LRP and HRP, respectively). The evaluation is done through measurements acquired in identical conditions, which is crucial in order to have a fair comparison between the devices. We performed measurements in typical line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. Our results suggest that the LRP interface allows a lower power and energy consumption than the HRP one. Both types of devices achieved ranging and localization errors within the same order of magnitude and their performance depended on the type of NLOS obstruction. We propose theoretical models for the distance errors obtained with LRP devices in these situations, which can be used to simulate realistic building deployments and we illustrate such an example. This paper, therefore, provides a comprehensive overview of the energy demands, ranging characteristics, and localization performance of state-of-the-art UWB devices. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Reports of the 2013 AAAI Spring Symposium Series

Reports of the 2013 AAAI Spring Symposium Series

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作者： Markman, Vita Stojanov, Georgi Indurkhya, Bipin Kido, Takashi Takadama, Keiki Konidaris, George Eaton, Eric Matsumura, Naohiro Fruchter, Renate Sofge, Don Lawless, William F. Madani, Omid Sukthankar, Rahul Disney Interactive Studios United States American University of Paris France International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad India Rikengenesis Japan University of Electro-Communications Japan MIT CSAIL United States Computer Science Department Bryn Mawr College United States Graduate School of Economics Osaka University Japan Project Based Learning Laboratory Stanford University United States Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC United States Department of Mathematics and Psychology Paine College Augusta GA United States Google United States

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence was pleased to present the AAAI 2013 Spring Symposium Series, held Monday through Wednesday, March 25-27, 2013. The titles of the eight symposia were Analyzing Microtext;Creativity and (Early) Cognitive Development;Data-Driven Wellness: From Self-Tracking to Behavior Change;Designing Intelligent Robots: Reintegrating AI II;Lifelong Machine learning;Shikakeology: Designing Triggers for Behavior Change;Trust and Autonomous Systems;and Weakly Supervised learning from Multimedia. This report contains summaries of the symposia, written, in most cases, by the cochairs of the symposium. Copyright © 2013, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

关键词： Intelligent robots

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LocalViT: Analyzing Locality in Vision Transformers

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Yawei Zhang, Kai Cao, Jiezhang Timofte, Radu Magno, Michele Benini, Luca Van Gool, Luc Computer Vision Lab D-ITET ETH Zürich Switzerland the University of Würzburg Germany Center for Project-Based Learning D-ITET ETH Zürich Switzerland Integrated Systems Laboratory D-ITET ETH Zürich Switzerland Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering University of Bologna Italy KU Leuven Belgium

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of locality mechanisms in vision transformers. Transformers originated from machine translation and are particularly good at modelling long-range dependencies within a long sequence. Although the global interaction between the token embeddings could be well modelled by the self-attention mechanism of transformers, what is lacking is a locality mechanism for information exchange within a local region. In this paper, locality mechanism is systematically investigated by carefully designed controlled experiments. We add locality to vision transformers into the feed-forward network. This seemingly simple solution is inspired by the comparison between feed-forward networks and inverted residual blocks. The importance of locality mechanisms is validated in two ways: 1) A wide range of design choices (activation function, layer placement, expansion ratio) are available for incorporating locality mechanisms and proper choices can lead to a performance gain over the baseline, and 2) The same locality mechanism is successfully applied to vision transformers with different architecture designs, which shows the generalization of the locality concept. For ImageNet2012 classification, the locality-enhanced transformers outperform the baselines Swin-T [1], DeiT-T [2] and PVT-T [3] by 1.0%, 2.6% and 3.1% with a negligible increase in the number of parameters and computational effort. Code is available at https://***/ofsoundof/LocalViT. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Distribution transformers

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LocalViT: Analyzing Locality in Vision Transformers

LocalViT: Analyzing Locality in Vision Transformers

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Yawei Li Kai Zhang Jiezhang Cao Radu Timofte Michele Magno Luca Benini Luc Van Goo Computer Vision Lab D-ITET ETH Zurich Switzerland Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science (CAIDAS) University of Wurzburg Germany Center for Project-Based Learning D-ITET ETH Zurich Switzerland Integrated Systems Laboratory D-ITET ETH Zurich Switzerland Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering University of Bologna Italy Processing Speech and Images (PSI) KU Leuven Belgium

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of locality mechanisms in vision transformers. Transformers originated from machine translation and are particularly good at modelling long-range dependencies within a long sequence. Although the global interaction between the token embeddings could be well modelled by the self-attention mechanism of transformers, what is lacking is a locality mechanism for infor-mation exchange within a local region. In this paper, locality mechanism is systematically investigated by carefully designed controlled experiments. We add locality to vision transformers into the feed-forward network. This seemingly simple solution is inspired by the comparison between feed-forward networks and inverted residual blocks. The importance of locality mechanisms is validated in two ways: 1) A wide range of design choices (activation function, layer placement, expansion ratio) are available for incorporating locality mechanisms and proper choices can lead to a performance gain over the baseline, and 2) The same locality mechanism is successfully applied to vision transformers with different architecture designs, which shows the generalization of the locality concept. For ImageNet2012 classification, the locality-enhanced transformers outperform the baselines Swin-T [1], DeiT-T [2] and PVT-T [3] by 1.0%, 2.6 % and 3.1 % with a negligible increase in the number of parameters and computational effort. Code is available at https://***/ofsoundof/LocalViT.

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A study of the relationship between the Stroop effect and reading age in dyslexic subjects

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Journal of Research in Reading 1981年第1期4卷 29-33页

作者： Hicks, Carolyn Jackson, Peter Carolyn Hicks is a Research Fellow in the Applied Psychology Department University of Aston in Birmingham and is associated with the Language Development Study Group there. She completed a B.A. at the University of Exeter lollowed by an M.A. by research into obesity. After completing a postgraduate teaching certificate and a year's teaching she took up her present post at the University of Aston. Her current research interests include reading disorders in children and their remediation. Carolyn Hicks may be contacted at the Department of Applied Psychology University of Aston in Birmingham Gosta Green Birmingham B4 7ET England. Peter Jackson is completing doctoral research at The University of Leeds with the Computer Based Learning Project. He is involved in the analysis of texts using semantic networks. He completed a BSc. at the University of Aston in Birmingham. His other areas of research interest include computer applications in psychology. Peter Jackson may be contacted at the Computer Based Learning Project Physics/Administration Building University of Leeds Leeds England.

40 dyslexic subjects were given a version of the Stroop test and the magnitude of interference was plotted as a function of reading age as measured by the British Ability Scale. A negative linear relationship emerged, such that greater reading proficiency was associated with less interference. This result is discussed in the context of LaBerge and Samuel's theory of automatic information processing in reading. Copyright © 1981, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d

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