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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Ganotaki, Michael Jordan, William Roy, Christopher J. Ferguson, Jim M. Virginia Tech Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering 666 McBryde Hall BlacksburgVA24061 United States Virginia Tech Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering 614 McBryde Hall BlacksburgVA24061 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory LANL’s Advanced Scientific Computing VVUQ Program XCP Division Los AlamosNM87545 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been pivotal in scientific computing, providing critical insights into complex fluid dynamics challenging for traditional experimental methods. Despite its widespread use, the accuracy of CFD results remains contingent upon the underlying modeling and numerical errors. A key aspect of ensuring simulation reliability is the accurate quantification of discretization error (DE), which is the difference between the simulation solution and the exact solution to the governing partial differential or integral equations. This study addresses estimating DE through Error Transport Equations (ETE), an additional set of equations closely related to the original equations. Historically, Richardson extrapolation has been a mainstay for DE estimation due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, the method’s feasibility diminishes with increasing computational demands, particularly in large-scale and high-dimensional problems. The integration of ETE into existing CFD frameworks is facilitated by their compatibility with existing numerical codes, minimizing the need for extensive code modification. By incorporating techniques developed for treating discontinuities, this study broadens ETE applicability to a wider range of scientific computing applications, particularly those involving complex, unsteady flows. The culmination of this research is demonstrated on Sod’s shock tube problem. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Contract-Inspired Contest Theory for Controllable Image Generation in Mobile Edge Metaverse

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Guangyuan Du, Hongyang Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In College of Computing and Data Science The Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea Republic of

The rapid advancement of immersive technologies has propelled the development of the Metaverse, where the convergence of virtual and physical realities necessitates the generation of high-quality, photorealistic images to enhance user experience. However, generating these images, especially through Generative Diffusion Models (GDMs), in mobile edge computing environments presents significant challenges due to the limited computing resources of edge devices and the dynamic nature of wireless networks. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates contract-inspired contest theory, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), and GDMs to optimize image generation in these resource-constrained environments. The framework addresses the critical challenges of resource allocation and semantic data transmission quality by incentivizing edge devices to efficiently transmit high-quality semantic data, which is essential for creating realistic and immersive images. The use of contest and contract theory ensures that edge devices are motivated to allocate resources effectively, while DRL dynamically adjusts to network conditions, optimizing the overall image generation process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only improves the quality of generated images but also achieves superior convergence speed and stability compared to traditional methods. This makes the framework particularly effective for optimizing complex resource allocation tasks in mobile edge Metaverse applications, offering enhanced performance and efficiency in creating immersive virtual environments. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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GPU-Accelerated Vecchia Approximations of Gaussian Processes for Geospatial Data using Batched Matrix Computations

GPU-Accelerated Vecchia Approximations of Gaussian Processes...

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ISC High Performance 2024 Research Paper Proceedings (39th International Conference)

作者： Qilong Pan Sameh Abdulah Marc G. Genton David E. Keyes Hatem Ltaief Ying Sun Division of Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Statistics Program Extreme Computing Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Gaussian processes (GPs) are commonly used for geospatial analysis, but they suffer from high computational complexity when dealing with massive data. For instance, the log-likelihood function required in estimating the statistical model parameters for geospatial data is a computationally intensive procedure that involves computing the inverse of a covariance matrix with size $n$ × n, where $n$ represents the number of geographical locations in the simplest case. As a result, in the literature, studies have shifted towards approximation methods to handle larger values of $n$ effectively while maintaining high accuracy. These methods encompass a range of techniques, including low-rank and sparse approximations. Among these techniques, Vecchia approximation is one of the most promising methods to speed up evaluating the log-likelihood function. This study presents a parallel implementation of the Vecchia approximation technique, utilizing batched matrix computations on contemporary GPUs. The proposed implementation relies on batched linear algebra routines to efficiently execute individual conditional distributions in the Vecchia algorithm. We rely on the KBLAS linear algebra library to perform batched linear algebra operations, reducing the time to solution compared to the state-of-the-art parallel implementation of the likelihood estimation operation in the ExaGeoStat software by up to 700X, 833X, 1380X on 32GB GV100, 80GB A100, and 80GB H100 GPUs, respectively, with the largest matrix dimension that can fully fit into the GPU memory in the dense Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) case. We also successfully manage larger problem sizes on a single NVIDIA GPU, accommodating up to 1 million locations with 80GB A100 and H100 GPUs while maintaining the necessary application accuracy. We further assess the accuracy performance of the implemented algorithm, identifying the optimal settings for the Vecchia approximation algorithm to preserve accuracy on two real geos

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Modeling the Percentage of NEET in Indonesia with Spatial Cauchy Regression through the Bayesian Analysis Approach

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IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics 2024年第7期54卷 1288-1295页

作者： Rantini, Dwi Fakhruzzaman, Muhammad Noor Ningrum, Ratih Ardiati Othman, Fazidah Choir, Achmad Syahrul Ramadan, Arip Alya, Najma Attaqiya Putri, Elfira Rahma Pratama, Muhammad Alfian Engineering Department Data Science Technology Study Program Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Indonesia Engineering Department Data Science Technology Study Program Faculty of Advanced Technology andMultidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Indonesia Department of Computer System and Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya Malaysia Statistical Computing StudyProgram Politeknik Statistika STIS Indonesia Information System Study Program School of Industrial and System Engineering Telkom University Indonesia

Indonesia has entered a period of demographic bonus. Human resources must be optimized. The number of children who do not in employment, education or training (NEET) in each province needs attention. Several factors that could contribute to the decline in the NEET percentage are literacy rates and the number of adolescents with computer skills. Increasing these two factors is believed to be able to reduce the percentage of NEET in every province in Indonesia. To find out the relationship between these two factors and how much influence they have on the percentage of NEET, this research is modeled by Cauchy regression and includes spatial effects. The results of the analysis show that the best model is when the spatial effect is modeled by Fernandez Steel Skew Normal conditionally autoregressive (FSSN CAR). This result is seen from the smallest value of the Watanabe Akaike Information Criterion (WAIC) in this model, which is 190.5. The parameter estimated shows that the higher the literacy rate and the number of adolescents with computer skills, the lower the percentage of NEET in each province in Indonesia. The results of this research can be useful for the Indonesian government to increase the number of educational facilities related to these two factors. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Bayesian CAR Cauchy Education NEET

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Preliminary Design for Reference tracking feedback for Medical Cyber-Physical Pharmacokinetic Systems 26

Preliminary Design for Reference tracking feedback for Medic...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Automation/26th Congress of the Chilean Association of Automatic Control, ICA-ACCA 2024

作者： Oliveira, Pedro M. Bustos, Daniel Lobo, Rodolfo Lacerda, Marcio J. Palma, Jonathan M. Federal University of Minas Gerais Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Belo Horizonte Brazil Universidad Católica Del Maule Dept. of Translational Medicine Talca Chile Universidad Diego Portales Ingenieria en Telecomunicaciones e Informática Santiago Chile London Metropolitan University Centre for Communications Technology School of Computing and Digital Media London United Kingdom Universidad de Talca Faculty of Engineering Curicó Chile

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378115

This paper addresses the reference tracking control problem for Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS). The control theory is employed to guarantee the suitable concentration of drugs in the body of patients to guarantee a safe treatment. The MCPS is modeled as a switched system, and the modes consider the different scenarios for the problem. A discrete-time model is utilized for the pharmacokinetic process, and the zero input control strategy is employed to design state-feedback controllers with a guaranteed exponential convergence rate. A numerical experiment is presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of our method. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： State feedback

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The Work on the Application of Electrical Machines and the Project Method in a Public University of Peru

The Work on the Application of Electrical Machines and the P...

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Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), International Conference on

作者： Julio Ernesto Quispe Rojas Julio Enrique Quispe Tuesta Computing and Electronic Departament Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo Lambayeque Perú System Engineering Program Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur Lima Perú

ISBN: (数字)9798350395914

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395921

The purpose of this research is to present an improved project method and the results obtained in its use for the application work of the electrical machines course of an electronic engineering program of the Pedro Ruiz Gallo National University of Lambayeque in Peru. Previously, from 2013 to 2018, the project method was used, and based on these experiences, a proj ect method was prepared with greater detail of the activities and deliverables in each phase of the method, the results are better information, planning and organization by part of the students and a better evaluation by the facilitator, who acts as a referee and not as a coach as in traditional vocational training. The improved project method that has been applied in the 2019–11 semester and completed the validation in the 2023 semesters, due to the COVID 19 quarantine in the years 2020 to 2022, no real application work was carried out. In order to train professionals with new skills, vocational training must be innovated with new teaching-learning modes, such as the project method. The projects carried out in 2019–11 gave 4 very good projects: Automotive alternator as direct current generator, DC generator based on a DC motor, Construction of a windshield wiper system, Construction of a single-phase induction motor; 2 good projects and 5 regular projects.

关键词： COVID-19 Induction motors Prototypes Organizations Vocational training DC motors DC generators Planning Automotive components Automotive engineering

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New Energy-Efficient 3-2 and 4-2 Approximate Adder Compressors Topologies

New Energy-Efficient 3-2 and 4-2 Approximate Adder Compresso...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： Rodrigo Lopes Leonardo Antonietti Morgana M. A. Rosa Eduardo Costa Rafael Soares Sergio Bampi Graduate Program on Computing Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil PPGC & PGMICRO - Informatics Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil

Addition units are present across many computational kernels inherent in various error-tolerant applications, including machine learning, signal, image, and video processing. Notably, adder compressors are the target when high speed and low power are the main design concerns. This work introduces energy-efficient structures of 3-2 approximate adder compressors (Ax3-2) and three distinct versions of 4-2 approximate adder compressors (Ax4-2). We compared our proposed Ax3-2 and Ax4-2 compressors with state-of-the-art energy-efficient approximate adder compressors (AxACs). Both Ax3-2 and Ax4-2 models passed through rigorous tests as standalone units. Furthermore, we integrated the Ax4-2 models into an essential application kernel appearing in video coding, i.e., the Sum Squared Differences (SSD) video accelerator. We introduce Ax3-2 and Ax4-2 that yield a new Pareto front concerning both energy-quality and area-quality trade-offs, thereby demonstrating a marked improvement over the prevailing state-of-the-art energy-efficient AxACs.

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Exploring Security Threats by Hardware-Faults in Approximate Arithmetic computing

Exploring Security Threats by Hardware-Faults in Approximate...

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Annual IEEE Northeast Workshop on Circuits and Systems (NEWCAS)

作者： Morgana M. A. Da Rosa Eduardo A. C. Da Costa Rafael I. Soares Sergio Bampi Graduate Program on Computing Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil PPGC & PGMICRO - Informatics Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil

Approximate computing (AxC) emerged as a design alternative to boost design efficiency by leveraging the inherent error resiliency of many applications. Recent literature shows attackers could exploit some AxC mechanisms to create new attack surfaces. This work proposes integrity checking and exclusive logic-based methods detect attacks by hardware faults on AxC systems. During ASIC-based synthesis, we investigate the security vulnerabilities of the Approximate Parallel Prefix Adder (AxPPA). We compare the expected output of the designer with the output netlists of ASIC-based synthesis. We propose a verification methodology consisting of a golden model (GM) described in a Simulink model and the DUT represented at the netlist level in a standard cell library after logic synthesis. Experimental results show that the AxPPA has an error range of 1.263 × 10 −5 to 0.0098 concerning the designer’s expected output under ASIC-based synthesis attacks.

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An Ultra Low-Energy VLSI Approximate Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform for ECG Data Compression

An Ultra Low-Energy VLSI Approximate Discrete Haar Wavelet T...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： Arthur Cardozo Morgana M. A. Rosa Rafael Soares Eduardo Costa Sergio Bampi Graduate Program on Computing Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil PPGC & PGMICRO - Informatics Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil

This work proposes an ultra-low-energy ECG data compression with VLSI DHWT-based (discrete Haar wavelet transform) architecture to enable storage and transmission in resource-constrained environments. We present original, pruned, and approximate DHWT (ODHWT, PDHWT, and AxDHWT, respectively) hardware architectures for ECG data compression at ultra-high energy efficiency. Our best proposal employing the AxDHWT hardware architecture requires just five additions only. Using a PDHWT technique to improve energy efficiency observes the evolution of the signal-to-noise ratio and the ultimate impact on the ECG data compression application. The DHWT-based configurations architecture proposal achieves a minimum compression ratio of 0.125 (i.e., 1/8) and a PRD (percent root difference) <1.34. We implemented the VLSI architectures in 65nm CMOS technology in maximum and fixed frequencies and two different supply voltages. The AxDHWT occupies a die area of 0.64mm 2 . The measured total power is $0.534\mu {\mathrm {W}}$, the higher energy-savings among the ECG data compression architectures.

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Accuracy-, Delay- and Area-Driven Evaluation of Lower-Part Approximate Parallel Prefix Adder

Accuracy-, Delay- and Area-Driven Evaluation of Lower-Part A...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： Morgana M. A. Rosa Eduardo Costa Rafael Soares Sergio Bampi Graduate Program on Computing Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Brazil Graduate Program on Electronic Engineering and Computing Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel) Pelotas Brazil PPGC & PGMICRO - Informatics Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil

This work proposes an accuracy-driven evaluation model of an approximate adder (AxA) called an approximate parallel prefix adder (AxPPA). It explores the significance of approximate computing (AxC) in optimizing performance and energy efficiency in computer systems by accepting minor accuracy trade-offs. We examine the AxPPA through a meticulous error analysis model and an automated analysis framework that comprehensively evaluates area and delay based on the fundamental equations of parallel prefix adders (PPAs). Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of lower-part approximation in adders, effectively addressing the elongation of carry chains and enhancing overall efficiency. The choice of approximation method directly impacts computational accuracy, resulting in variations in the number of approximated bits and carry chain length for a given tolerance level. Conducting a thorough comparison of accuracy trade-offs requires a unique design and simulation for each unit and approximation level, which can be time-consuming, particularly in larger circuits. Therefore, the proposed approach facilitates the exploration of larger circuit design space encompassing multiple AxAs, significantly minimizing time investment. In our experiments, the accuracy-driven evaluation of the lower part approximation method in AxA took 71.268 milliseconds for 1 million random inputs, with a K -bits approximation ranging from 1 to 16. The results indicate that AxPPA exhibits a minor error magnitude among the explored literature AxAs, being approximately 50.97% more accurate on average.

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