The concept of Digital Twin has been widely used by researchers to represent physical entities in computer-generated reality in the metaverse. In this research, a novel concept of 'Mobile Twin' is coined. Mobi...
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Lately, a group of chemical compounds, per-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), has been attracting attention due to their discovery in the environment as well as the risk they pose to human life, the environment, and g...
Lately, a group of chemical compounds, per-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), has been attracting attention due to their discovery in the environment as well as the risk they pose to human life, the environment, and groundwater. PFAS exhibit various physicochemical properties, which make them useful in a variety of industries and products, adding to their pervasiveness. These compounds have been used in various products over the years and have, therefore, accumulated in the environment. One of the most investigated PFAS compounds is PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid). To date, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the fate and transport of PFAS in unsaturated zones and how the underlying groundwater is affected. This is due to the PFAS's ability to partition, bioaccumulate, and biotransform and due to its indestructibility due to the strong C–F bond. This, coupled with their toxic effects on humans and biota, leads to concerns regarding their fate and consequences to the ecosystem. In this paper, the fate and transport of PFAS (specifically PFOS) in both saturated and unsaturated zones in the soil environment are investigated through numerical modeling using the finite-difference method. This study looks at the effect of transport processes (advection, diffusion, and adsorption) on the fate of PFAS in soil and groundwater. After the model was developed, a grid sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the sensitivity of the model against the spatial and temporal discretization (i.e., selection of time, $$dt$$ , and space, $$dz$$ ). The results show negligible (i.e., < ± 1%) error margin and sensitivity to $$dt$$ and $$dz$$ within the selected range. Multiple scenarios were then investigated using the model to understand the fate and transport of PFAS in both vadose and saturated zones to qualitatively verify the results.
Benefits of a failure friendly culture, e.g., learning from failure, are widely known in occupational settings. Validated scales have been developed to measure organizational failure culture and individuals' mind-...
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Solar-driven carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)provides an oppor tunity to produce value-added chemical feedstocks and ***,achieving efficient and stable photoelectrochemical(PEC)CO_(2)RR into selec tive prod...
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Solar-driven carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)provides an oppor tunity to produce value-added chemical feedstocks and ***,achieving efficient and stable photoelectrochemical(PEC)CO_(2)RR into selec tive products is challenging owing to the difficulties associated with the optical and the electrical configuration of PEC devices and electrocatalyst ***,we construct an efficient,concentrated sunlight-driven CO_(2)RR setup consisting of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction cell as a photoanode and oxide-derived Au(Ox-Au)as a cathode to perform the unassisted PEC CO_(2)*** one-sun illumination,a maximum operating current density of 11.5 mA cm^(-2) with an impressive Faradaic efficiency(FE)of~98%is achieved for carbon monoxide(CO)production,leading to a solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of~15%.Under concentrated intensity of 10 sun,the photoanode records a maximum current density of~124 mAcm^(-2) and maintains~60%of FE for CO *** results demonstrate crucial advancements in usingⅢ-Ⅴbased photoanodes for concentrated PEC CO_(2)RR.
This study investigated the electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with varied recess depths under the gate electrode. We demonstrated a recess depth of approximately 6 nm, which...
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We revisit the perceptual crossing simulation studies, which are aimed at challenging methodological individualism in the analysis of social cognition by studying multi-agent real-time interactions. To date, all of th...
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Accurate image classification of microscopic pathogenic fungi is a challenge in the field of mycology. This study proposes a Swin Transformer-based approach to automate the identification process. The Swin Transformer...
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Approximate computing has emerged as a design alternative to enhance design efficiency by capitalizing on the inherent error resilience observed in numerous applications. Various error-resilient and compute-intensive ...
Approximate computing has emerged as a design alternative to enhance design efficiency by capitalizing on the inherent error resilience observed in numerous applications. Various error-resilient and compute-intensive applications, such as signal, image and video processing, computer vision, and supervised machine learning, necessitate dedicated hardware accelerators for mean squared error estimation during runtime. In these application domains, using efficient arithmetic operators, particularly a squarer unit, represents one of the most effective strategies for low-power design. This work introduces an approximate Radix- $$2^{m}$$ squarer unit, denoted as AxRSU- $$2^{m}$$ . The proposed squarer unit employs m-bit approximate encoders to execute operations on m-bit data concurrently. The AxRSU- $$2^{m}$$ under consideration explores encoders with m equal to 2 (AxRSU-4), 3 (AxRSU-8), and 4 (AxRSU-16). These approximate encoders exhibit low complexity and diminish the necessary partial products operating on m bits simultaneously, thereby substantially enhancing energy efficiency and reducing circuit area in the AxRSU- $$2^{m}$$ . To illustrate the trade-off between error and quality in the AxRSU- $$2^{m}$$ , we apply it to an SSD (sum squared difference) hardware accelerator designed for video processing, with a square-accumulate serving as a case study. Our findings reveal a novel Pareto front, presenting eight optimal AxRSU- $$2^{m}$$ solutions that achieve accuracy levels ranging from 3.76 to 75.53%. These solutions yield energy savings ranging from 46.20 to 95.57% and circuit area reductions ranging from 37.68 to 66.73%.
Fixed-wing aerial vehicles are equipped with functional-ities such as ILS (instrument landing system), PAR (precision approach radar) and, DGPS (differential global positioning system), enabling fully automated landin...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331510831
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331510848
Fixed-wing aerial vehicles are equipped with functional-ities such as ILS (instrument landing system), PAR (precision approach radar) and, DGPS (differential global positioning system), enabling fully automated landings. How-ever, these systems impose significant costs on airport op-erations due to high installation and maintenance requirements. Moreover, since these navigation parameters come from ground or satellite signals, they are vulnerable to in-terference. A more cost-effective and independent alternative for guiding landing is a vision-based system that de-tects the runway and aligns the aircraft, reducing the pi-lot's cognitive load. This paper proposes a novel frame-work that addresses three key challenges in developing au-tonomous vision-based landing systems. Firstly, to over-come the lack of aerial front-view video data, we created high-quality videos simulating landing approaches through the generator code available in the LARD (landing approach runway detection dataset) repository. Secondly, in contrast to former studies focusing on object detection for finding the runway, we chose the state-of-the-art model Lo-RAT to track runways within bounding boxes in each video frame. Thirdly, to align the aircraft with the designated landing runway, we extract runway keypoints from the re-sulting LoRAT frames and estimate the camera relative pose via the Perspective-n-Point algorithm. Our experimental re-sults over a dataset of generated videos and original images from the LARD dataset consistently demonstrate the proposed framework's highly accurate tracking and alignment capabilities. Our approach source code and the Lo-RAT model pre-trained with LARD videos are available at https://***/jpklock2/vision-based-landing-guidance
How do Animal-Computer Interaction (ACI) researchers working with live animal participants assess the animals’ willingness to participate in their research? In this paper we present the results of a systematic litera...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400716560
How do Animal-Computer Interaction (ACI) researchers working with live animal participants assess the animals’ willingness to participate in their research? In this paper we present the results of a systematic literature review designed to answer this question by examining the Proceedings of the ACM International Animal Computer Interaction Conference. From 2016-2022, these proceedings included 38 full papers that reported results from research with live animal participants. We found 1) only 74% or 28/38 of the papers reported how they assessed animal participants’ willingness to engage during their research, 2) the authors of papers focused on species other than dogs had a much higher rate of providing this information than did the authors of dog-based studies (100% or 12/12 non-dog papers v 62% or 16/26 of dog-based papers), 3) most researchers who addressed the issue of an animal participant’s willingness to engage in the research relied on some form of mediated consent, informed by behavioral observation methods, to do so. However, the researchers focused on non-dog species were much more likely than researchers focused on dogs to include elements of contingent consent in their protocols (75% (9/12) of the non-dog studies v 12% (3/26) of the dog-related studies). We argue that providing each other with more details about our research methods and possibly more fully embracing the principles of contingent consent would further ACI researchers’ existing ethical commitment to our animal participants, increase our adherence to standard scientific research practice, and accelerate the continued development of the field of Animal-Computer Interaction.
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