A simple text processing tool which allows positioning of lines within a document is presented using the formal specification language Z. Implementation details such as the use of tab characters and newline sequences ...
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A simple text processing tool which allows positioning of lines within a document is presented using the formal specification language Z. Implementation details such as the use of tab characters and newline sequences are covered. The program has been implemented under the UNIX operating system. It is hoped that the use of similar techniques will become widespread in the field of software engineering.
Two systolic arrays for recursive digital filtering are presented. Both have a rectangular structure and produce output for a particular computation in consecutive cycles. Their performance is analyzed and the design ...
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Two systolic arrays for recursive digital filtering are presented. Both have a rectangular structure and produce output for a particular computation in consecutive cycles. Their performance is analyzed and the design tradeoffs are discussed.
Two classes of systolic array for the implementation of recursive digital filters are presented, which overcome some of the limitations of earlier designs. The trade-off resulting from varying the degree of pipelining...
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Two classes of systolic array for the implementation of recursive digital filters are presented, which overcome some of the limitations of earlier designs. The trade-off resulting from varying the degree of pipelining is discussed.
One of the concepts from topology that has found use in image processing is the so called Fundamental group of an image. A definition for the digital fundamental group of a binary picture was introduced by Kong in A d...
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One of the concepts from topology that has found use in image processing is the so called Fundamental group of an image. A definition for the digital fundamental group of a binary picture was introduced by Kong in A digital fundamental group [4]. This paper introduces a fundamental group for greyscale images. We also describe Poincare's classical method for computing a representation of the fundamental group and extend this to work with our greyscale version.
The mathematical treatment of the concepts of vagueness and approximation is of increasing importance in artificial intelligence and related research. The theory of fuzzy sets was created by Zadeh [Z] to allow represe...
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The mathematical treatment of the concepts of vagueness and approximation is of increasing importance in artificial intelligence and related research. The theory of fuzzy sets was created by Zadeh [Z] to allow representation and mathematical manipulation of situations of partial truth, and proceeding from this a large amount of theoretical and applied development of this concept has occurred. The aim of this paper is to develop a natural logic and set theory that is a candidate for the formalisation of the theory of fuzzy sets. In these theories the underlying logic of properties and sets is intuitionistic, but there is a subset of formulae that are ‘crisp’, classical and two-valued, which represent the certain information. Quantum logic or logics weaker than intuitionistic can also be adopted as the basis, as described in [L]. The relationship of this theory to the intensional set theory MZF of [Gd] and the global intuitionistic set theory GIZF of Takeuti and Titani [TT] is also treated.
Acute abdominal pain is one of the most widely studied applications of computer-aided diagnosis. The usual approach is to apply Bayes' theorem with the assumption of conditional independence (''independenc...
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Acute abdominal pain is one of the most widely studied applications of computer-aided diagnosis. The usual approach is to apply Bayes' theorem with the assumption of conditional independence (''independence Bayes''). We compared various approaches to designing diagnostic programs for abdominal pain of suspected gynaecological origin. The methods range from statistical to knowledge-based. All programs were evaluated using a database of 1,270 cases collected retrospectively. Our results suggest that in this application no significant improvement in accuracy can be made by taking interactions into account, either by statistical or by knowledge-based means;independence Bayes is near-optimal. As far as accuracy is concerned, there appears to be little point in pursuing knowledge-based approaches. However, the ''nearest neighbours'' method using a new metric appears to be at least as accurate as independence Bayes. We argue that the nearest neighbours method is more suitable than independence Bayes for clinical use because of greater accountability.
This paper discusses applications of a formal set-theoretic foundation for fuzzy set theory [23] to problems of approximate and uncertain reasoning, and also looks at other formalisms, such as the classical Alternativ...
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This paper discusses applications of a formal set-theoretic foundation for fuzzy set theory [23] to problems of approximate and uncertain reasoning, and also looks at other formalisms, such as the classical Alternative Set Theory 139) and its Intuitionistic version [21, 20] for uncertain reasoning. Formal definitions of these frameworks will be given. Many suggestions for semantic operations on values of formulae involving intermediate truth have been made;[41, 40] contain a survey of these. There are two main problems: how to reconcile the use of the linear order [0, 1] as the value space when in reality degrees of truth are often incomparable, and secondly, within this simplified range of values, to select operations which are both logically coherent with each other and intuitively reasonable. We will derive general semantic constraints on operations which will motivate the formal frameworks that we define.
We present a very general language for expressing tactic programs. The paper describes some essential tactic combinators (tacticals), and gives them a formal semantics. Those definitions are used to produce a complete...
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We present a very general language for expressing tactic programs. The paper describes some essential tactic combinators (tacticals), and gives them a formal semantics. Those definitions are used to produce a complete calculus for reasoning about tactics written in this language. The language is extended to cover structural combinators which enable the tactics to be precisely targeted upon particular sub-expressions.
This is a continuation of the description of OS6, and it covers the facilities for input/output, and the handling of files on the disc. The input/output system uses a very general form of stream;the filing system is d...
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