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Metaverse for Education: Developments, Challenges, and Future Direction

computer Applications in engineering Education 2025年第3期33卷

作者： Chamola, Vinay Peelam, Mritunjay Shall Mittal, Uday Hassija, Vikas Singh, Anushka Pareek, Ritawari Mangal, Poorvi Sangwan, Devika de Albuquerque, Victor Hugo C. Mahmud, Mufti Brown, David J. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Internet of Things Research Group APPCAIR BITS-Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering BITS-Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India School of Computer Engineering Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Odisha Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida India Department of Humanities and Social Sciences BITS-Pilani Rajasthan Pilani India Fortaleza Brazil Department of Computer Science Computing and Informatics Research Centre Medical Technologies Innovation Facility at Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Computing and Informatics Research Centre at Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham United Kingdom

The rapid advancements in digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), extended reality (XR), and the internet of things (IoT) have revolutionized various sectors, including education. Metaverse, a convergence of these transformative technologies, offers immersive, personalized, and interactive experiences, making it a powerful tool in modern education. This paper explores the Metaverse's role in enhancing education by examining its architecture, types, and components while addressing practical implementation challenges, and follows a structured review protocol to ensure a comprehensive analysis, including systematic research, paper selection, and a critical examination of relevant studies from reputable databases such as Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ACM, and Springer. The research objectives focus on evaluating the Metaverse's applications in education, ethical challenges, technological limitations, and potential strategies for sustainable integration. Key research questions address the need for Metaverse adoption in education, its benefits, challenges, and future directions. The Metaverse cultivates essential skills such as empathy, ethical reasoning, and effective communication by providing students with customized, immersive learning environments. However, ethical concerns, technical barriers, and infrastructural costs pose significant obstacles to its widespread adoption. It discusses strategies to solve these barriers, explores applications in distance learning, and proposes future research directions to create scalable and sustainable educational models in the Metaverse. Through this structured inquiry, the paper establishes the Metaverse as a transformative force in education, blending technological innovation with instructional advancement. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Orchestrated desaturation reprogramming from stearoyl-CoA desaturase to fatty acid desaturase 2 in cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis

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Cancer Communications 2025年第3期45卷 245-280页

作者： Zhicong Chen Yanqing Gong Fukai Chen Hyeon Jeong Lee Jinqin Qian Jing Zhao Wenpeng Zhang Yamin Li Yihui Zhou Qiaobing Xu Yu Xia Liqun Zhou Ji-Xin Cheng Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive MedicineGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric DiseasesGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal MedicineThe Third Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringPhotonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Urology Peking University First HospitalBeijingP.R.China College of Biomedical Engineering&Instrument Science Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of EducationZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP.R.China MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry&Chemical Biology Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijingP.R.China State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijingP.R.China Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusettsUSA

Background:Adaptative desaturation in fatty acid(FA)is an emerging hallmark of cancer metabolic *** such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)and fatty acid desaturase 2(FADS2)have been implicated in multiple cancers,and their dominant and compensatory effects have recently been ***,how tumors initiate and sustain their self-sufficient FA desaturation to maintain phenotypic transition remains *** study aimed to explore the molecular orchestration of SCD and FADS2 and their specific reprogramming mechanisms in response to cancer ***:The potential interactions between SCD and FADS2 were explored by bioinformatics analyses across multiple cancer cohorts,which guided subsequent functional and mechanistic *** expression levels of desaturases were investigated with online datasets and validated in both cancer tissues and cell *** desaturation activities were characterized through various isomer-resolved lipidomics methods and sensitivity assays using desaturase ***-situ lipid profilingwas conducted using multiplex stimulated Raman scattering *** assays were performed both in vitro and in vivo,with RNA-sequencing employed for the mechanism ***:After integration of the RNA-protein-metabolite levels,the data revealed that a reprogramming fromSCD-dependent to FADS2-dependent desaturation was linked to cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and progression in both patients and cell ***2 overexpression and SCD suppression concurrently maintained EMT plasticity.A FADS2/β-catenin selfreinforcing feedback loop facilitated the degree of lipid unsaturation,membrane fluidity,metastatic potential and EMT ***,SCD inhibition triggered a lethal apoptosis but boosted survival plasticity by inducing EMT and enhancing FA uptake via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase ***,this desaturation reprogramming increased tra

关键词： metabolic reprogramming stearoyl-CoA desaturase fatty acid desaturase 2 epithelialmesenchymal transition cancer metastasis

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Multiuser Communication Aided by Movable Antenna 24

Multiuser Communication Aided by Movable Antenna

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24th IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, SPAWC 2023

作者： Zhu, Lipeng Ma, Wenyan Ning, Boyu Zhang, Rui University of Electronic Science and Technology of China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications 611731 China The Chinese University of HongKong Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen518172 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore117583 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496261

This paper investigates the multiuser communication aided by movable antenna (MA) via antenna position optimization, where the uplink transmission from multiple user terminals (UTs) each equipped with a single MA to a base station (BS) with a fixed-position antenna (FPA) array is considered. Specifically, we formulate an optimization problem for minimizing the total transmit power of UTs, subject to a minimum-achievable-rate requirement for each UT, where the positions of MAs and the transmit powers of UTs, as well as the receive combining matrix at the BS are jointly optimized. To solve this non-convex optimization problem, we first express the combining matrix of the BS and the total transmit power of UTs as a function of the MAs' position vectors, which are then optimized by using the gradient descent method in an iterative manner. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to conventional FPA systems, the proposed MA-enhanced multiple access systems can significantly decrease the total transmit power of UTs by moving antennas within small regions of several-wavelength size. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Container lifecycle-aware scheduling for serverless computing

Container lifecycle-aware scheduling for serverless computin...

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作者： Wu, Song Tao, Zhiheng Fan, Hao Huang, Zhuo Zhang, Xinmin Jin, Hai Yu, Chen Cao, Chun National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China

Elastic scaling in response to changes on demand is a main benefit of serverless computing. When bursty workloads arrive, a serverless platform launches many new containers and initializes function environments (known as cold starts), which incurs significant startup latency. To reduce cold starts, platforms usually pause a container after it serves a request, and reuse this container for subsequent requests. However, this reuse strategy cannot efficiently reduce cold starts because the schedulers are agnostic of container lifecycle. For example, it may ignore soon available containers or evict soon needed containers. We propose a container lifecycle-aware scheduling strategy for serverless computing, CAS. The key idea is to control distribution of requests and determine creation or eviction of containers according to different lifecycle phases of containers. We implement a prototype of CAS on OpenWhisk. Our evaluation shows that CAS reduces 81% cold starts and therefore brings a 63% reduction at 95th percentile latency compared with native scheduling strategy in OpenWhisk when there is worker contention between workloads, and does not add significant performance overhead. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Containers

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Use Coupled LSTM Networks to Solve Constrained Optimization Problems

Use Coupled LSTM Networks to Solve Constrained Optimization ...

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作者： Chen, Zheyu Leung, Kin K. Wang, Shiqiang Tassiulas, Leandros Chan, Kevin Towsley, Don Imperial College London Department of Computing LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Ibm T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown HeightsNY10598 United States Yale University Institute for Network Science Electrical Engineering Department New HavenCT06520 United States Devcom Army Research Laboratory Army Research Directorate AdelphiMD20783 United States University of Massachusetts Department of Computer Science AmherstMA01003 United States

Gradient-based iterative algorithms have been widely used to solve optimization problems, including resource sharing and network management. When system parameters change, it requires a new solution independent of the previous parameter settings from the iterative methods. Therefore, we propose a learning approach that can quickly produce optimal solutions over a range of system parameters for constrained optimization problems. Two Coupled Long Short-Term Memory networks (CLSTMs) are proposed to find the optimal solution. The advantages of this framework include: (1) near-optimal solution for a given problem instance can be obtained in few iterations during the inference, (2) enhanced robustness as the CLSTMs can be trained using system parameters with distributions different from those used during inference to generate solutions. In this work, we analyze the relationship between minimizing the loss functions and solving the original constrained optimization problem for certain parameter settings. Extensive numerical experiments using datasets from Alibaba reveal that the solutions to a set of nonconvex optimization problems obtained by the CLSTMs reach within 90% or better of the corresponding optimum after 11 iterations, where the number of iterations and CPU time consumption are reduced by 81% and 33%, respectively, when compared with the gradient descent with momentum. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Gradient methods

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Unprecedented Smart Algorithm for Uninterrupted SDN Services During DDoS Attack

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 875-894页

作者： Muhammad Reazul Haque Saw Chin Tan Zulfadzli Yusoff Kashif Nisar Rizaludin Kaspin Iram Haider Sana Nisar J.P.C.Rodrigues Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry Muhammad AslamUqaili Satya Prasad Majumder Danda B.Rawat Richard Etengu Rajkumar Buyya Faculty of Computing&Informatics Multimedia UniversityPersiaranMultimediaCyberjaya63100SelangorMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Multimedia UniversityPersiaran MultimediaCyberjaya63100SelangorMalaysia Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia SabahJalan UMSKota Kinabalu Sabah88400Malaysia Telekom Malaysia Research&Development TM Innovation Centre63000CyberjayaSelangorMalaysia Federal University of Piauí(UFPI) TeresinaPIBrazil Instituto de Telecomunica珲es 6201-001Covilh?Portugal National Center of Robotics and Automation-Condition Monitoring Systems Lab MUETJamshoroPakistan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering BUETDhaka1205Bangladesh Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Data Science and Cybersecurity CenterHoward UniversityWashingtonDCUSA Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems(CLOUDS)Laboratory School of Computing and Information SystemsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3053Australia

In the design and planning of next-generation Internet of Things(IoT),telecommunication,and satellite communication systems,controller placement is crucial in software-defined networking(SDN).The programmability of the SDN controller is sophisticated for the centralized control system of the entire ***,it creates a significant loophole for the manifestation of a distributed denial of service(DDoS)attack ***,recently a Distributed Reflected Denial of Service(DRDoS)attack,an unusual DDoS attack,has been ***,minimal deliberation has given to this forthcoming single point of SDN infrastructure failure ***,recently the high frequencies of DDoS attacks have increased *** this paper,a smart algorithm for planning SDN smart backup controllers under DDoS attack scenarios has *** proposed smart algorithm can recommend single or multiple smart backup controllers in the event of DDoS *** obtained simulated results demonstrate that the validation of the proposed algorithm and the performance analysis achieved 99.99%accuracy in placing the smart backup controller under DDoS attacks within 0.125 to 46508.7 s in SDN.

关键词： SDN smart algorithm RTZLK-DAASCP DDoS attack DRDoS

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Energy Consumption Prediction of a CNC Machining Process With Incomplete Data

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第5期8卷 987-1000页

作者： Jian Pan Congbo Li Ying Tang Wei Li Xiaoou Li the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rowan UniversityGlassboroNJ 08028 USA the Computer Science Department The Research and Advanced Studies Centre of the National Polytechnic InstituteMexico City 07360Mexico

Energy consumption prediction of a CNC machining process is important for energy efficiency optimization *** improve the generalization abilities,more and more parameters are acquired for energy prediction *** the data collected from workshops may be incomplete because of misoperation,unstable network connections,and frequent transfers,*** work proposes a framework for energy modeling based on incomplete data to address this ***,some necessary preliminary operations are used for incomplete data ***,missing values are estimated to generate a new complete data set based on generative adversarial imputation nets(GAIN).Next,the gene expression programming(GEP)algorithm is utilized to train the energy model based on the generated data ***,we test the predictive accuracy of the obtained *** experiments are designed to investigate the performance of the proposed framework with different rates of missing *** results demonstrate that even when the missing data rate increases to 30%,the proposed framework can still make efficient predictions,with the corresponding RMSE and MAE 0.903 k J and 0.739 k J,respectively.

关键词： Energy consumption prediction incomplete data generative adversarial imputation nets(GAIN) gene expression programming(GEP)

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Pipette: Efficient Fine-Grained Reads for SSDs

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2023年第12期42卷 4721-4734页

作者： Bai, Shuhan Wan, Hu Huang, Yun Sun, Xuan Wu, Fei Xie, Changsheng Hsieh, Hung-Chih Kuo, Tei-Wei Xue, Chun Jason Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan430074 China City University of Hong Kong Department of Computer Science Pokfulam Hong Kong Imperial College London Department of Computing LondonSW7 2BX United Kingdom Yeestor Microelectronics Company Ltd. Department of Research and Development Shenzhen518057 China National Taiwan University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taipei10617 Taiwan Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Big data applications, such as recommendation system and social network, often generate a huge number of fine-grained reads to the storage. Block-oriented storage devices upon the traditional storage system rely on the paging mechanism to migrate pages to the host DRAM, tending to suffer from these fine-grained read operations in terms of I/O traffic as well as performance. Motivated by this challenge, an efficient fine-grained read framework, Pipette, is proposed in this article as an extension to the traditional I/O framework. With adaptive design for caching, merging, and scheduling, Pipette explores locality and acceleration for fine-grained read requests to establish an efficient byte-granular read path upon the dedicated byte-addressable interface. When the Pipette prototype on an SSD runs popular workloads, we measured throughput gains by up to 50% and 54% with traffic reduction in the range of 41.3× and 56.5× . © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Merging

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Enhancing memristor performance with 2D SnO_(x)/SnS_(2) heterostructure forneuromorphic computing

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science China Materials 2025年第2期68卷 581-589页

作者： Yangwu Wu Sifan Li Yun Ji Zhengjin Weng Houying Xing Lester Arauz Travis Hu Jinhua Hong Kah-Wee Ang Song Liu State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization School of Electronic Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Department of Mechanical Engineering California State UniversityLos Angeles5151 State University DrLos AngelesCA 90032USA College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Shenzhen Research Institute Hunan UniversityShenzhen 518000China

Layered metal dichalcogenides (LMDs) neuromorphic memristor devices offer a promising alternative toconventional von Neumann architectures, addressing speedand energy efficiency constraints. However, challenges remainin controlling resistive switching and operating voltage incrystalline LMD memristors due to environmental stabilization issues, which hinder neural network hardware development. Herein, we introduce an optimization method formemristor operation by controlling oxidation through ozonetreatment, creating a SnO_(x)/SnS_(2) resistive layer. These optimized memristors demonstrate low switching voltages (~1 V),rapid switching speeds (~20 ns), high switching ratios (10^(2)),and the ability to emulate synaptic weight plasticity. Crosssectional transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identified defects and Ti conductive filaments in the resistive switching layer, contributingto uniform switching and minimized operating variation. Thedevice achieved 90% accuracy in MNIST handwritten recognition, and hardware-based image convolution was successfully implemented, showcasing the potential of SnO_(x)/SnS_(2)memristors for neuromorphic applications.

关键词： SnO_(x)/SnS_(2) oxidation layered metal dichalcogenides convolutional image processing neuromorphic computing

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Van der Waals device integration beyond the limits of van der Waals forces using adhesive matrix transfer

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Nature Electronics 2024年第1期7卷 17-28页

作者： Satterthwaite, Peter F. Zhu, Weikun Jastrzebska-Perfect, Patricia Tang, Melbourne Spector, Sarah O. Gao, Hongze Kitadai, Hikari Lu, Ang-Yu Tan, Qishuo Tang, Shin-Yi Chueh, Yu-Lun Kuo, Chia-Nung Lue, Chin Shan Kong, Jing Ling, Xi Niroui, Farnaz Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Chemistry Boston University BostonMA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei Taiwan College of Semiconductor Research National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials National Science and Technology Council Taipei Taiwan Program on Key Materials Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston University BostonMA United States The Photonics Center Boston University BostonMA United States

Pristine van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures formed between two-dimensional (2D) and other materials can be used to create optical and electronic devices. However, the weak vdW forces alone do not allow direct physical stacking of arbitrary layers. As a result, vdW heterostructure fabrication typically requires solvents, sacrificial layers or high temperatures, which can introduce damage and contaminants. Here, we show that adhesive matrix transfer can eliminate these limitations and can provide vdW integration beyond the limits of vdW forces. In the approach, a hybrid high- and low-adhesion surface is used to decouple the forces driving the transfer from the vdW forces defining the heterostructure of interest. We show that the technique can be used to achieve direct vdW integration of diverse 2D materials (MoS2, WSe2, PtS2 and GaS) with dielectrics (SiO2 and Al2O3), which is conventionally forbidden but critical for active devices and scalable, aligned heterostructure formation. The approach also allows single-step 2D material-to-device integration, which we illustrate by fabricating arrays of monolayer MoS2 transistors. As any exposure to solvents or polymers is avoided, the interfaces and surfaces remain pristine. Thus, intrinsic 2D material properties can be probed without the influence of processing steps. The materials can be further engineered through surface treatments and used to fabricate unconventional device form factors. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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