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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Rachael L. Judy Zachariah E. Fuchs David W. Casbeer Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH Control Science Center of Excellence Air Force Research Laboratory 2210 8th St. WPAFB OH

ISBN: (数字)9798350316339

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316346

An Escort and Defense Scenario is presented in which a high-value Target maneuvers through a high-risk region while being escorted by a mobile, defensive agent. Along this trajectory, an Attacker may be launched from one of several possible launch locations. If a launch occurs, the three agents play out a Target-Attacker-Defender (TAD) differential game in which the Defender attempts to intercept the Attacker at maximal distance from the Target while the Attacker strives to maneuver as close as possible to the Target. Prior to launch, the Target and Defender strive to preposition themselves in advantageous positions to effectively respond to a potential threat while simultaneously moving towards a safety region. An augmented collocation-based direct optimal control method is developed to solve the escort problem by solving and utilizing the value of the TAD differential subgame at each collocation point while simultaneously optimizing the primary optimal control problem.

关键词： Costs Optimal control Differential games Safety Trajectory

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Decision Transformers for Wireless Communications: A New Paradigm of Resource Management

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Jie Li, Jun Wang, Zhe Shi, Long Jin, Shi Chen, Wen Poor, H. Vincent School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University United States

As the next generation of mobile systems evolves, artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to deeply integrate with wireless communications for resource management in variable environments. In particular, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is an important tool for addressing stochastic optimization issues of resource allocation. However, DRL has to start each new training process from the beginning once the state and action spaces change, causing low sample efficiency and poor generalization ability. Moreover, each DRL training process may take a large number of epochs to converge, which is unacceptable for time-sensitive scenarios. In this paper, we adopt an alternative AI technology, namely, Decision Transformer (DT), and propose a DT-based adaptive decision architecture for wireless resource management. This architecture innovates through constructing pre-trained models in the cloud and then fine-tuning personalized models at the edges. By leveraging the power of DT models learned over offline datasets, the proposed architecture is expected to achieve rapid convergence with many fewer training epochs and higher performance in new scenarios with different state and action spaces, compared with DRL. We then design DT frameworks for two typical communication scenarios: intelligent reflecting surfaces-aided communications and unmanned aerial vehicle-aided mobile edge computing. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed DT frameworks achieve over 3-6 times speedup in convergence and better performance relative to the classic DRL method, namely, proximal policy optimization. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Swallowing Assessment using High-Resolution Cervical Auscultations and Transformer-based Neural Networks

Swallowing Assessment using High-Resolution Cervical Auscult...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Ayman Anwar Yassin Khalifa Erin Lucatorto James L. Coyle Ervin Sejdic Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada Center for Research Computing and Information Technology Analytics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Giza Egypt Department of Communication Science and Disorders School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering University of Toronto and North York General Hospital Toronto Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Swallowing assessment is a crucial task to reveal swallowing abnormalities. There are multiple modalities to analyze swallowing kinematics, such as videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS), which is the gold standard method, and high-resolution cervical auscultation (HRCA), which is a noninvasive technique that uses a triaxial accelerometer attached to the patient’s neck. Deep learning models play an essential role in data driven analysis of swallowing landmarks using VFSS and/or HRCA as input data. Most of these models utilize convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Here, we investigate the ability of transformers to analyze swallowing kinematics; specifically upper esophageal sphincter opening and laryngeal vestibule closure using HRCA signals. We tested the model using an independent test dataset to assess the generalizability of the proposed network. The proposed network achieved an average detection accuracy higher than 90% and 85% for both segmentation tasks, which outperform the hybrid neural networks from the literature, and the model obtained high-performance measures for the independent dataset, showing the transformers’ ability to generalize on unseen data.

关键词： Accuracy Sensitivity Recurrent neural networks Convolution Kinematics Transformers Feature extraction Solids Data models Signal resolution

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Digital Twin-Assisted Adaptive Preloading for Short Video Streaming

Digital Twin-Assisted Adaptive Preloading for Short Video St...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Shengbo Liu Wen Wu Shaofeng Li Tom H. Luan Ning Zhang Peng Cheng Laboratory Frontier Research Center Shenzhen China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Windsor Windsor Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728190549

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190556

We propose a digital twin-assisted adaptive preloading scheme to reduce bandwidth waste as well as enhance user quality of experience (QoE) for short video streaming. Though preloading video content can reduce rebuffering and improve user QoE, non-sequential playback of short videos induced by user swipe can result in substantial bandwidth wastage in mobile networks. To tackle this problem, we first model the short video streaming system and carry out preloading threshold analysis. We then construct a digital twin-assisted adaptive preloading framework for short video streaming. By collecting and analyzing the user's historical throughput and tracking swipe timing information, a throughput prediction model and a probabilistic model can be constructed to accurately predict future throughput and user swipe behavior, respectively. Utilizing the predicted information and real-time running status data from a short video application, we design a preloading strategy to enhance bandwidth efficiency while achieving high user QoE. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme compared with the state-of-the-art schemes.

关键词： Analytical models Adaptation models Adaptive systems Spectral efficiency Bandwidth Streaming media Predictive models

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From Missing Pieces to Masterpieces: Image Completion with Context-Adaptive Diffusion

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shamsolmoali, Pourya Zareapoor, Masoumeh Zhou, Huiyu Felsberg, Michael Tao, Dacheng Li, Xuelong Department of Computer Science University of York University of UK SCEE East China Normal University China Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of Leicester United Kingdom Computer Vision Laboratory Linkoping University Sweden College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore of China Telecom China

Image completion is a challenging task, particularly when ensuring that generated content seamlessly integrates with existing parts of an image. While recent diffusion models have shown promise, they often struggle with maintaining coherence between known and unknown (missing) regions. This issue arises from the lack of explicit spatial and semantic alignment during the diffusion process, resulting in content that does not smoothly integrate with the original image. Additionally, diffusion models typically rely on global learned distributions rather than localized features, leading to inconsistencies between the generated and existing image parts. In this work, we propose ConFill, a novel framework that introduces a Context-Adaptive Discrepancy (CAD) model to ensure that intermediate distributions of known and unknown regions are closely aligned throughout the diffusion process. By incorporating CAD, our model progressively reduces discrepancies between generated and original images at each diffusion step, leading to contextually aligned completion. Moreover, ConFill uses a new Dynamic Sampling mechanism that adaptively increases the sampling rate in regions with high reconstruction complexity. This approach enables precise adjustments, enhancing detail and integration in restored areas. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ConFill outperforms current methods, setting a new benchmark in image completion. © 2025, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Photointerpretation

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Deep learning for brain age estimation: A systematic review

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Information Fusion 2023年 96卷 130-143页

作者： Tanveer, M. Ganaie, M.A. Beheshti, Iman Goel, Tripti Ahmad, Nehal Lai, Kuan-Ting Huang, Kaizhu Zhang, Yu-Dong Del Ser, Javier Lin, Chin-Teng Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol Indore453552 India Department of Robotics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science Rady Faculty of Health Sciences Max Rady College of Medicine University of Manitoba WinnipegMB Canada Biomedical Imaging Lab National Institute of Technology Silchar Assam 788010 India Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Electronic Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Data Science Research Center Duke Kunshan University China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of Leicester LeicesterLE1 7RH United Kingdom Derio48160 Spain Bilbao48013 Spain School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia

Over the years, Machine Learning models have been successfully employed on neuroimaging data for accurately predicting brain age. Deviations from the healthy brain aging pattern are associated with the accelerated brain aging and brain abnormalities. Hence, efficient and accurate diagnosis techniques are required to elicit accurate brain age estimations. Several contributions have been reported in the past for this purpose, resorting to different data-driven modeling methods. Recently, deep neural networks (also referred to as deep learning) have become prevalent in manifold neuroimaging studies, including brain age estimation. In this review, we offer a comprehensive analysis of the literature related to the adoption of deep learning for brain age estimation with neuroimaging data. We detail and analyze different deep learning architectures used for this application, pausing at research works published to date quantitatively exploring their application. We also examine different brain age estimation frameworks, comparatively exposing their advantages and weaknesses. Finally, the review concludes with an outlook towards future directions that should be followed by prospective studies. The ultimate goal of this paper is to establish a common and informed reference for newcomers and experienced researchers willing to approach brain age estimation by using deep learning models. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Design and Development of Low-cost Wearable Electroencephalograms (EEG) Headset

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Intelligent Automation & Soft computing 2023年第3期35卷 2821-2835页

作者： Riaz Muhammad Ahmed Ali M.Abid Anwar Toufique Ahmed Soomro Omar AlShorman Adel Alshahrani Mahmoud Masadeh Ghulam Md Ashraf Naif H.Ali Muhammad Irfan Athanasios Alexiou Department of Electrical Engineering Sukkur IBA University65200SukkurPakistan Department of Electronic Engineering Quaid-e-Awam University of EngineeringScience and TechnologyLarkana77150Pakistan Faculty of Engineering and AlShrouk Trading Company Najran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences-Physiotherapy Program College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department Yarmouk UniversityIrbid21163Jordan Pre-Clinical Research Unit King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Internal Medicine Medical CollegeNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran University Saudi ArabiaNajran61441Saudi Arabia Novel Global Community Educational Foundation HebershamNSW 2770AustraliaAFNP Med AustriaWien2770Austria

Electroencephalogram(EEG)is a method of capturing the electrophy-siological signal of the *** EEG headset is a wearable device that records electrophysiological data from the *** paper presents the design and fab-rication of a customized low-cost Electroencephalogram(EEG)headset based on the open-source OpenBCI Ultracortex Mark IV *** electrode placement locations are modiﬁed under a 10–20 standard *** fabricated headset is then compared to commercially available headsets based on the following para-meters:affordability,accessibility,noise,signal quality,and ***,the data is recorded from 20 subjects who used the EEG Headset,and signals were ***,the participants marked the accuracy,set up time,participant comfort,and participant perceived ease of set-up on a scale of 1 to 7(7 being excellent).Thirdly,the self-designed EEG headband is used by 5 participants for slide *** raw EEG signal is decomposed into a series of band sig-nals using discrete wavelet transform(DWT).Lastly,theseﬁndings have been compared to previously reported *** concluded that when used for slide-changing control,our self-designed EEG headband had an accuracy of 82.0 *** also concluded from the results that our headset performed well on the cost-effectiveness scale,had a reduced setup time of 2±0.5 min(the short-est among all being compared),and demonstrated greater ease of use.

关键词： Brain-computer interface EEG consumer-grade accessibility headset

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Advances and Open Challenges in Federated Foundation Models

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Ren, Chao Yu, Han Peng, Hongyi Tang, Xiaoli Zhao, Bo Yi, Liping Tan, Alysa Ziying Gao, Yulan Li, Anran Li, Xiaoxiao Li, Zengxiang Yang, Qiang College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore College of Computer Nankai University China School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden School of Medicine Yale University United States Digital Research Institute of ENN Group Langfang China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong WeBank Shenzhen China

The integration of Foundation Models (FMs) with Federated Learning (FL) presents a transformative paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI). This integration offers enhanced capabilities, while addressing concerns of privacy, data decentralization and computational efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the emerging field of Federated Foundation Models (FedFM), elucidating their synergistic relationship and exploring novel methodologies, challenges, and future directions that the FL research field needs to focus on in order to thrive in the age of FMs. A systematic multi-tiered taxonomy is proposed, categorizing existing FedFM approaches for model training, aggregation, trustworthiness, and incentivization. Key challenges, including how to enable FL to deal with high complexity of computational demands, privacy considerations, contribution evaluation, and communication efficiency, are thoroughly discussed. Moreover, this paper explores the intricate challenges of communication, scalability and security inherent in training/fine-tuning FMs via FL. It highlights the potential of quantum computing to revolutionize the processes of training, inference, optimization and security. This survey also introduces the implementation requirement of FedFM and some practical FedFM applications. It highlights lessons learned with a clear understanding of our findings for FedFM. Finally, this survey not only provides insights into the current state and challenges of FedFM, but also offers a blueprint for future research directions, emphasizing the need for developing trustworthy solutions. It serves as a foundational guide for researchers and practitioners interested in contributing to this interdisciplinary and rapidly advancing field. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

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Joint Secure and Covert Communications for Active STAR-RIS Assisted ISAC Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Guo, Liang Jia, Jie Mu, Xidong Liu, Yuanwei Chen, Jian Wang, Xingwei Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering China Northeastern University Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System Ministry of Education China Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Shenyang110819 China BelfastBT3 9DT United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering China

This paper investigates the design of jointly supporting physical layer security (PLS) and covert communications (CCs) in an active simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (a-STAR-RIS) assisted integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. Due to the unified waveform design of ISAC signals, we consider a challenging scenario with two targets being suspicious attackers, where one warden target potentially detects the confidential transmission behavior of covert users and another eavesdropper target attempts to intercept the broadcasted confidential information of security users. We investigate the joint beamforming design at the base station (BS) and the a-STAR-RIS to achieve a high-quality sensing beampattern while meeting covertness and security communication requirements. (1) For the ideal scenario with perfect channel state information (CSI) and precise target locations, we propose an alternative optimization (AO) method to address the optimization problem involving highly coupled variables. Specifically, the optimal beamforming design at the BS is handled using the semi-definite relaxation (SDR) technique, while the beamforming design at the a-STAR-RIS is addressed through a penalty-based iterative algorithm. (2) A more practical case with uncertain target locations and imperfect CSI is considered to achieve a robust beamforming design, where the non-deterministic outage probability constraints are effectively transformed by employing the Bernstein-type inequality. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the a-STAR-RIS over the baseline cases and certify that the proposed algorithms can effectively balance the tradeoff among the sensing quality, covert and secure communication requirements. Besides, results also show that the proposed robust beamforming scheme can construct adequate sensing beampattern, even with imperfect CSI and uncertain target locations. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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Automatic modeling learner’s personality using learning analytics approach in an intelligent Moodle learning platform

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Interactive Learning Environments 2023年第5期31卷 2529-2543页

作者： Tlili, Ahmed Denden, Mouna Essalmi, Fathi Jemni, Mohamed Chang, Maiga Kinshuk Chen, Nian-Shing Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University Beijing China Research laboratory of Technologies of Information and Communication & Electrical Engineering (LaTICE) Tunis higher school of engineering (ENSIT) University of Tunis Tunis Tunisia School of Computing and Information Systems Athabasca University Athabasca Canada University of North Texas Denton TX United States Department of Applied Foreign Languages National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Taiwan

The ability of automatically modeling learners’ personalities is an important step in building adaptive learning environments. Several studies showed that knowing the personality of each learner can make the learning interaction with the provided learning contents and activities within learning systems more effective. However, the traditional method of modeling personality is using self-reports, such as questionnaire, which is subjective and with several limitations. Therefore, this study presents a new unobtrusive method to model the learners’ personalities in an intelligent Moodle (iMoodle) using Learning Analytic (LA) approach with Bayesian network. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed approach, an experiment was conducted with one hundred thirty-nine learners in a public university. Results showed that recall, precision, F-measure and accuracy values are in acceptance range for three personality dimensions including extraversion, openness, and neuroticism. Moreover, the results showed that the LA approach has a fair agreement with the Big Five Inventory (BFI) in modeling these three personality dimensions. Finally, this study provides several recommendations which can help researchers and practitioners develop effective smart learning environments for both learning and modeling. For example, it is needed to help identify more features of the hardest personality traits, such as agreeableness, using gamification courses. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： assessment learner modeling learning analytics Moodle Personality smart learning

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