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2022 IEEE Photonics Conference, IPC 2022

作者： Alnas, Jude Alshowkan, Muneer Nageswara Rao, S.V. Peters, Nicholas A. Lukens, Joseph M. University of Alabama Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering TuscaloosaAL35401 United States Quantum Information Science Section Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Advanced Computing Methods Section Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States

We introduce a model for the distribution of frequency-polarization hyper-entangled photon pairs in a flexible-grid optical network. In order to optimize entanglement fidelity and entangled bit rate, we apply a geneti... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781665434874

ISBN: (纸本)9781665434874

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Time-Aware Missing Traffic Flow Prediction for Sensors with Privacy-Preservation 11th

Time-Aware Missing Traffic Flow Prediction for Sensors with ...

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11th International Conference on computer engineering and Networks, CENet2021

作者： Qi, Lianyong Wang, Fan Xu, Xiaolong Dou, Wanchun Zhang, Xuyun Khosravi, Mohammad R. Zhou, Xiaokang School of Computer Science Qufu Normal University Qufu China School of Computer and Software Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Computing Macquarie University SydneyNSW2109 Australia Department of Computer Engineering Persian Gulf University Bushehr Iran Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz Iran Faculty of Data Science Shiga University Hikone Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789811665530

With the continuous development of IoT, a number of sensors establish on the roadside to monitor traffic conditions in real time. The continuously traffic data generated by these sensors makes traffic management feasible. However, loss of data may occur due to inevitable sensor failure, impeding traffic managers to understand traffic dynamics clearly. In this situation, it is becoming a necessity to predict missing traffic flow accurately for effective traffic management. Furthermore, the traffic sensor data are often distributed and stored by different agencies, which inhibits the multi-party sensor data sharing significantly due to privacy concerns. Therefore, it has become a major obstacle to balance the tradeoff between data sharing and vehicle privacy. In light of these challenges, we propose a privacy-aware and accurate missing traffic flow prediction approach based on time-aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing technique. At last, we deploy a set of experiments based on a real traffic dataset. Experimental reports demonstrate the feasibility of our proposal in terms of traffic flow prediction accuracy and efficiency while guaranteeing sensor data privacy. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Data privacy

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Speed Master: Quick or Slow Play to Attack Speaker Recognition 39

Speed Master: Quick or Slow Play to Attack Speaker Recogniti...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Ye, Zhe Zhang, Wenjie Ren, Ying Kang, Xiangui Yan, Diqun Ma, Bin Wang, Shiqi Guangdong Key Lab of Information Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat during the model’s training phase. Attackers craft pre-defined triggers to break deep neural networks, ensuring the model accurately classifies clean samples during inference yet erroneously classifies samples added with these triggers. Recent studies have shown that speaker recognition systems trained on large-scale data are susceptible to backdoor attacks. Existing attackers employ unnoticed ambient sounds as triggers. However, these sounds are not inherently part of the training samples themselves. In essence, triggers can be designed to maintain an intrinsic connection with the original speech to enhance stealthiness. Our paper presents a novel attack methodology named Speed Master, which undermines deep neural networks by manipulating the speed of speech samples. Specifically, we execute poison-only backdoor attacks using speed or tempo adjustment. Changes in speech rate have become a common occurrence, as seen on platforms that allow users to adjust playback speed. In real-world scenarios, people naturally adjust their speaking rate depending on the context. As a result, changes in a speaker’s speech rate are typically perceived as normal and are unlikely to raise suspicion. Furthermore, detecting such subtle adjustments becomes challenging for users without reference speech. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that Speed Master can achieve an ASR over 99% in the digital domain, with only a 0.6% poisoning rate. Additionally, we validate the feasibility of Speed Master in the real world and its resistance to typical defensive measures. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Control of an Environmental Spin Defect beyond the Coherence Limit of a Central Spin

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PRX Quantum 2024年第1期5卷 010321-010321页

作者： Alexander Ungar Paola Cappellaro Alexandre Cooper Won Kyu Calvin Sun Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Illinois 61801 USA

Electronic spin defects in the environment of an optically active spin can be used to increase the size and hence the performance of solid-state quantum registers, especially for applications in quantum metrology and quantum communication. Previous works on multiqubit electronic spin registers in the environment of a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond have only included spins directly coupled to the NV. As this direct coupling is limited by the central spin coherence time, it significantly restricts the maximum attainable size of the register. To address this problem, we present a scalable approach to increase the size of electronic spin registers. Our approach exploits a weakly coupled probe spin together with double-resonance control sequences to mediate the transfer of spin polarization between the central NV spin and an environmental spin that is not directly coupled to it. We experimentally realize this approach to demonstrate the detection and coherent control of an unknown electronic spin outside the coherence limit of a central NV. Our work paves the way for engineering larger quantum spin registers with the potential to advance nanoscale sensing, enable correlated noise spectroscopy for error correction, and facilitate the realization of spin-chain quantum wires for quantum communication.

关键词： Coherent control Crystal defects Hybrid quantum systems Quantum sensing Nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond Electron spin resonance Optically detected magnetic resonance

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Roles of UAVs, Robots, and AI in Earthquake Disaster Management 7

Roles of UAVs, Robots, and AI in Earthquake Disaster Managem...

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7th International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, electrical and Power engineering, REEPE 2025

作者： Abdalzaher, Mohamed S. Shaaban, Mostafa Krichen, Moez Aburukba, Raafat American University of Sharjah Electrical Engineering Department Sharjah United Arab Emirates National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics Seismology Department Cairo Egypt Energy Water and Sustainable Environment Research Center American University of Sharjah United Arab Emirates Al-Baha University Al-Baha Saudi Arabia ReDCAD Laboratory University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia American University of Sharjah Computer Science and Engineering Department Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531836

Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters, causing widespread loss of life, property, and infrastructure. Effective disaster management is essential to minimize their impact. This article examines the critical roles of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), robots, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in earthquake disaster management across the phases of pre-disaster preparedness, real-time response, during the event, and after the disaster. The paper explores various types of UAVs and robots utilized for earthquake monitoring, highlights their advantages, and addresses the challenges associated with their deployment. Besides, the types of robots are also addressed to contribute to earthquake disaster management and to alleviating the consequences. By leveraging these advanced technologies, disaster response and recovery efforts can be significantly enhanced, offering new possibilities for resilience and efficiency in managing earthquake-related emergencies. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Disaster Management Earthquake Robots UAVs

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Grid Search Hyperparameters Tuning with Supervised Machine Learning for Awngi Language Named Entity Recognition

Grid Search Hyperparameters Tuning with Supervised Machine L...

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International Conference on Computational and Characterization Techniques in engineering & sciences (CCTES)

作者： Amogne Andualem Ayalew Gizachew Bitew Ayodeji Olalekan Salau Melaku Lake Tegegne Shashi Kant Gupta Mohammad Israr Tesfa Tegegne Tsehay Admassu Assegie Department of Information Technology School of Computing and Informatics Mizan-Tepi University Tepi Ethiopia Computer Science Department School of Computing Mizan Tepi University Mizan-Tepi Ethiopia Department of Electrical/Electronics and Computer Engineering Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Information Technology College of Engineering and Technology Injibara University Injibara Ethiopia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Eudoxia Research University USA Hotoro GRA Maryam Abacha American University of Nigeria Kano State Federal Republic of Nigeria Faculty of Computing Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dara Ethiopia Department of Computer Science College of Engineering and Technology Injibara University Injibara Ethiopia

ISBN: (数字)9798350364699

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364705

Named entity recognition has emerged as a critical step in recognizing, classifying, and extracting the most significant information from unstructured text without human intervention. It is used in information retrieval, conversation systems, machine translation, data mining, and information extraction. However, the Awngi language lacks a NER system due to inadequate datasets. This study combines feature extraction techniques with supervised machine learning algorithms, including support vector machines, Naïve Bayes, and conditional random fields with a grid search algorithm parameter optimization. These supervised machine-learning models often have various hyperparameters that must be tuned to optimize the model's performance by automatically selecting the parameter. Furthermore, the dataset used for training and testing consists of 20,193 annotated Awngi tokens, collected from Amhara Media Corporation, Awngi Telegram, and Facebook pages. The proposed SVM with grid search algorithm approach provided a promising result in ANER with an accuracy of 92% compared with Naïve Bayes, conditional random field, and decision-tree supervised machine learning models. Finally, the experiment results show that the proposed parameter tuning-based model can detect and categorize Awingi-named entities and outperforms the performance accuracy without parameter adjustment.

关键词： Support vector machines Training Accuracy Machine learning algorithms Named entity recognition Feature extraction Conditional random fields Bayes methods Optimization Tuning

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Jointly Optimizing Terahertz based Sensing and Communications in Vehicular Networks: A Dynamic Graph Neural Network Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Xuefei Chen, Mingzhe Hu, Ye Zhang, Zhilong Liu, Danpu Mao, Shiwen The Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Network Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States The Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Miami Coral GablesFL33146 United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849 United States

In this paper, the problem of vehicle service mode selection (sensing, communication, or both) and vehicle connections within terahertz (THz) enabled joint sensing and communications over vehicular networks is studied. The considered network consists of several service provider vehicles (SPVs) that can provide: 1) only sensing service, 2) only communication service, and 3) both services, sensing service request vehicles, and communication service request vehicles. Based on the vehicle network topology and their service accessibility, SPVs strategically select service request vehicles to provide sensing, communication, or both services. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem, aiming to maximize the number of successfully served vehicles by jointly determining the service mode of each SPV and its associated vehicles. To solve this problem, we propose a dynamic graph neural network (GNN) model that selects appropriate graph information aggregation functions according to the vehicle network topology, thus extracting more vehicle network information compared to traditional static GNNs that use fixed aggregation functions for different vehicle network topologies. Using the extracted vehicle network information, the service mode of each SPV and its served service request vehicles will be determined. Simulation results show that the proposed dynamic GNN based method can improve the number of successfully served vehicles by up to 17% and 28% compared to a GNN based algorithm with a fixed neural network model and a conventional optimization algorithm without using GNNs. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vehicles

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Once read is enough: domain-specific pretraining-free language models with cluster-guided sparse experts for long-tail domain knowledge 24

Once read is enough: domain-specific pretraining-free langua...

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Fang Dong Mengyi Chen Jixian Zhou Yubin Shi Yixuan Chen Mingzhi Dong Yujiang Wang Dongsheng Li Xiaochen Yang Rui Zhu Robert Dick Qin Lv Fan Yang Tun Lu Ning Gu Li Shang China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science School of Computer Science Fudan University Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research Suzhou China University of Bath and China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science School of Computer Science Fudan University Microsoft Research Asia Shanghai China School of Mathematics & Statistics University of Glasgow Bayes Business School City St George's University of London Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Boulder School of Microelectronics Fudan University

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

Language models (LMs) only pretrained on a general and massive corpus usually cannot attain satisfying performance on domain-specific downstream tasks, and hence, applying domain-specific pretraining to LMs is a common and indispensable practice. However, domain-specific pretraining can be costly and time-consuming, hindering LMs' deployment in real-world applications. In this work, we consider the incapability to memorize domain-specific knowledge embedded in the general corpus with rare occurrences and "long-tail" distributions as the leading cause for pretrained LMs' inferior downstream performance. Analysis of Neural Tangent Kernels (NTKs) reveals that those long-tail data are commonly overlooked in the model's gradient updates and, consequently, are not effectively memorized, leading to poor domain-specific downstream performance. Based on the intuition that data with similar semantic meaning are closer in the embedding space, we devise a Cluster-guided Sparse Expert (CSE) layer to actively learn long-tail domain knowledge typically neglected in previous pretrained LMs. During pretraining, a CSE layer efficiently clusters domain knowledge together and assigns long-tail knowledge to designate extra experts. CSE is also a lightweight structure that only needs to be incorporated in several deep layers. With our training strategy, we found that during pretraining, data of long-tail knowledge gradually formulate isolated, "outlier" clusters in an LM's representation spaces, especially in deeper layers. Our experimental results show that only pretraining CSE-based LMs is enough to achieve superior performance than regularly pretrained-finetuned LMs on various downstream tasks, implying the prospects of domain-specific-pretraining-free language models.

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IEEE T-BIOM Editorial Board Changes

IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Scie...

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IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity science 2024年第1期7卷 1-2页

作者： Naser Damer Weihong Deng Jianjiang Feng Vishal M. Patel Ajita Rattani Mark Nixon Smart Living & Biometric Technologies Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD Darmstadt Germany Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering University of North Texas Denton TX USA

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Train faster, perform better: modular adaptive training in over-parameterized models 23

Train faster, perform better: modular adaptive training in o...

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Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Yubin Shi Yixuan Chen Mingzhi Dong Xiaochen Yang Dongsheng Li Yujiang Wang Robert Dick Qin Lv Yingying Zhao Fan Yang Tun Lu Ning Gu Li Shang China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science School of Computer Science Fudan University School of Mathematics Statistics University of Glasgow Microsoft Research Asia Shanghai China Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Boulder School of Microelectronics Fudan University

Despite their prevalence in deep-learning communities, over-parameterized models convey high demands of computational costs for proper training. This work studies the fine-grained, modular-level learning dynamics of over-parameterized models to attain a more efficient and fruitful training strategy. Empirical evidence reveals that when scaling down into network modules, such as heads in self-attention models, we can observe varying learning patterns implicitly associated with each module's trainability. To describe such modular-level learning capabilities, we introduce a novel concept dubbed modular neural tangent kernel (mNTK), and we demonstrate that the quality of a module's learning is tightly associated with its mNTK's principal eigenvalue λmax. A large λmax indicates that the module learns features with better convergence, while those miniature ones may impact generalization negatively. Inspired by the discovery, we propose a novel training strategy termed Modular Adaptive Training (MAT) to update those modules with their λmax exceeding a dynamic threshold selectively, concentrating the model on learning common features and ignoring those superfluous ones. Unlike most existing training schemes with a complete BP cycle across all network modules, MAT can significantly save computations by its partially-updating strategy and can further improve performance. Experiments show that MAT nearly halves the computational cost of model training and outperforms the accuracy of baselines.

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