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Gradient Weighting for Speaker Verification in Extremely Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio

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Gradient Weighting for Speaker Verification in Extremely Low...

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Yi Ma Kong Aik Lee Ville Hautamäki Meng Ge Haizhou Li Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong School of Computing University of Eastern Finland Finland Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen China School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China

Speaker verification is hampered by background noise, particularly at extremely low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) under 0 dB. It is difficult to suppress noise without introducing unwanted artifacts, which adversely affects speaker verification. We proposed the mechanism called Gradient Weighting (Grad-W), which dynamically identifies and reduces artifact noise during prediction. The mechanism is based on the property that the gradient indicates which parts of the input the model is paying attention to. Specifically, when the speaker network focuses on a region in the denoised utterance but not on the clean counterpart, we consider it artifact noise and assign higher weights for this region during optimization of enhancement. We validate it by training an enhancement model and testing the enhanced utterance on speaker verification. The experimental results show that our approach effectively reduces artifact noise, improving speaker verification across various SNR levels.

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GRADIENT WEIGHTING FOR SPEAKER VERIFICATION IN EXTREMELY LOW SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ma, Yi Lee, Kong Aik Hautamäki, Ville Ge, Meng Li, Haizhou Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong School of Computing University of Eastern Finland Finland Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen China School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

A 0.9–1.4-GHz Q-Enhanced CMOS Tunable Bandpass Filter With Constant Fractional Bandwidth and Two Transmission Zeros

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IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters 2023年第6期33卷 667-670页

作者： Kun Li Xiang Li Shuangyang Wu Pei-Ling Chi Tao Yang School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Research Center of Advanced RF Chips and Systems Nanhu Laboratory Jiaxing China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

A tunable differential $Q$ -enhanced bandpass filter covering 0.9–1.4 GHz with constant fractional bandwidth (FBW) is proposed using 40-nm CMOS technology in this letter. The proposed filter is constructed by two resonators which consist of ON-chip integrated inductors and varactors. The inductors of the two resonators are placed close to each other to form the mainline magnetic coupling of the filter. Besides the mainline coupling, the source port and load port are connected directly by capacitors, forming the source-to-load coupling. With the proposed structure, two transmission zeros (TZs) can be obtained, which can greatly increase the stopband rejection. Meanwhile, nMOS cross-coupled pairs are used as the $Q$ -enhanced cells to reduce the insertion loss (IL) and further improve the filter selectivity. A filter prototype based on 40-nm CMOS process is fabricated to validate the proposed structure. The center frequency (CF) of the proposed filter can be tuned from 0.9 to 1.4 GHz while keeping the FBW constant at 8%.

关键词： Resonator filters Band-pass filters Microwave filters Filtering theory Couplings Equivalent circuits Magnetic separation

Secure MIMO Communication Relying on Movable Antennas

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tang, Jun Pan, Cunhua Zhang, Yang Ren, Hong Wang, Kezhi The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China The Department of Computer Science Brunel University London UxbridgeUB8 3PH United Kingdom

This paper considers a movable antenna (MA)-aided secure multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system consisting of a base station (BS), a legitimate information receiver (IR) and an eavesdropper (Eve), where the BS is equipped with MAs to enhance the system's physical layer security (PLS). Specifically, we aim to maximize the secrecy rate (SR) by jointly optimizing the transmit precoding (TPC) matrix, the artificial noise (AN) covariance matrix and the MAs' positions under the constraints of the maximum transmit power and the minimum distance between MAs. To solve this non-convex problem with highly coupled optimization variables, the block coordinate descent (BCD) method is applied to alternately update the variables. Specifically, we first reformulate the SR into a tractable form by utilizing the minimum mean square error (MMSE) method, and derive the optimal TPC matrix and the AN covariance matrix with fixed MAs' positions by applying the Lagrangian multiplier method in semi-closed forms. Then, the majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm is employed to iteratively optimize each MA's position while keeping others fixed. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and the significant advantages of the MA-aided system over conventional fixed position antenna (FPA)-based system in enhancing system's security. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antennas

A First-Order Multi-Gradient Algorithm for Multi-Objective Bi-Level Optimization

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ye, Feiyang Lin, Baijiong Cao, Xiaofeng Zhang, Yu Tsang, Ivor W. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology China Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute University of Technology Sydney Australia China School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory China Centre for Frontier AI Research Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

In this paper, we study the Multi-Objective Bi-Level Optimization (MOBLO) problem, where the upper-level subproblem is a multi-objective optimization problem and the lower-level subproblem is for scalar optimization. Existing gradient-based MOBLO algorithms need to compute the Hessian matrix, causing the computational inefficient problem. To address this, we propose an efficient first-order multi-gradient method for MOBLO, called FORUM. Specifically, we reformulate MOBLO problems as a constrained multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem via the value-function approach. Then we propose a novel multi-gradient aggregation method to solve the challenging constrained MOO problem. Theoretically, we provide the complexity analysis to show the efficiency of the proposed method and a non-asymptotic convergence result. Empirically, extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed FORUM method in different learning problems. In particular, it achieves state-of-the-art performance on three multi-task learning benchmark datasets. The code is available at https://***/Baijiong-Lin/FORUM. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

Full-Space Wireless Sensing Enabled by Multi-Sector Intelligent Surfaces

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Zhang, Yumeng Shao, Xiaodan Li, Hongyu Clerckx, Bruno Zhang, Rui Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Electronic and Computing Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Internet of Things Thrust Guangdong Guangzhou511400 China Imperial College London Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Kyung Hee University Seoul Korea Republic of The Chinese University of HongKong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore117583 Singapore

The multi-sector intelligent surface (IS), benefiting from a smarter wave manipulation capability, has been shown to enhance channel gain and offer full-space coverage in communications. However, the benefits of multi-sector IS in wireless sensing remain unexplored. This paper introduces the application ofmulti-sector IS for wireless sensing/localization. Specifically, we propose a new self-sensing system, where an active source controller uses the multi-sector IS geometry to reflect/scatter the emitted signals towards the entire space, thereby achieving full-space coverage for wireless sensing. Additionally, dedicated sensors are installed aligned with the IS elements at each sector, which collect echo signals fromthe target and cooperate to sense the target angle. In this context, we develop a maximum likelihood estimator of the target angle for the proposed multi-sector IS self-sensing system, along with the corresponding theoretical limits defined by the Craḿer-Rao Bound. The analysis reveals that the advantages of the multi-sector IS self-sensing system stem from two aspects: enhancing the probing power on targets (thereby improving power efficiency) and increasing the rate of target angle (thereby enhancing the transceiver's sensitivity to target angles). Finally, our analysis and simulations confirm that the multi-sector IS self-sensing system, particularly the 4-sector architecture, achieves full-space sensing capability beyond the single-sector IS configuration. Furthermore, similarly to communications, employing directive antenna patterns on each sector's IS elements and sensors significantly enhances sensing capabilities. This enhancement originates from both aspects of improved power efficiency and target angle sensitivity, with the former also being observed in communications while the latter being unique in sensing. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Directive antennas

From Single to Multi-Functional RIS: Architecture, Key Technologies, Challenges, and Applications

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ni, Wanli Zheng, Ailing Wang, Wen Niyato, Dusit Al-Dhahir, Naofal Debbah, Mérouane The Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University China The State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas Dallas United States The KU 6G Research Center Khalifa University of Science and Technology United Arab Emirates

Although reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have demonstrated the potential to boost network capacity and expand coverage by adjusting their electromagnetic properties, existing RIS architectures have certain limitations, such as double-fading attenuation and restricted half-space coverage. In this article, we delve into the progressive development from single to multi-functional RIS (MF-RIS) that enables simultaneous signal amplification, reflection, and refraction. We begin by detailing the hardware design and signal model that distinguish MF-RIS from traditional RISs. Subsequently, we introduce the key technologies underpinning MF-RIS-aided communications, along with the fundamental issues and challenges inherent to its deployment. We then outline the promising applications of MF-RIS in the realm of communication, sensing, and computation systems, highlighting its transformative impact on these domains. Lastly, we present simulation results to demonstrate the superiority of MF-RIS in enhancing network performance in terms of spectral efficiency. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Geometry

Graph-Based Visual-Kinematic Fusion and Monte Carlo Initialization for Fast-Deployable Cable-Driven Robots

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Graph-Based Visual-Kinematic Fusion and Monte Carlo Initiali...

IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： R. Khorrambakht H. Damirchi M.R. Dindarloo A. Saki S.A. Khalilpour Hamid D. Taghirad Stephan Weiss Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Control/Robotics Research Laboratory Tandon School of Engineering New York University Brooklyn NY School of Computer Science University of Adelaide Australia Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Technology Tehran Iran Department of Smart Systems Technologies University of Klagenfurt Austria

Ease of calibration and high-accuracy task-space state-estimation purely based on onboard sensors is a key requirement for enabling easily deployable cable robots in real-world applications. In this work, we incorporate the onboard camera and kinematic sensors to drive a statistical fusion framework that presents a unified localization and calibration system which requires no initial values for the kinematic parameters. This is achieved by formulating a Monte-Carlo algorithm that initializes a factor-graph representation of the calibration and localization problem. With this, we are able to jointly identify both the kinematic parameters and the visual odometry scale alongside their corresponding uncertainties. We demonstrate the practical applicability of the framework using our state-estimation dataset recorded with the ARAS-CAM suspended cable driven parallel robot, and published as part of this manuscript.

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Retraction Note: High performance reconciliation for practical quantum key distribution systems

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Optical and Quantum Electronics 2024年第12期56卷 1-2页

作者： Mao, ao-Kun Li, Qiong Hao, Peng-Lei Abd-El-Atty, Bassem Iliyasu, Abdullah M. Department of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information Luxor University Luxor Egypt Electrical Engineering Department College of Engineering Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al- Kharj Saudi Arabia School of Computing Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Japan School of Computer Science and Technology Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun China