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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Dengyu Jin, Gaojie Yu, Han Yi, Xinping Huang, Xiaowei Department of Computer Science University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software CAS Beijing China Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

Spiking neural network (SNN), as the next generation of artificial neural network (ANN), offer a closer mimicry of natural neural networks and hold promise for significant improvements in computational efficiency. However, the current SNN is trained to infer over a fixed duration, overlooking the potential of dynamic inference in SNN. In this paper, we strengthen the marriage between SNN and event-driven processing with a proposal to consider a cutoff in SNN, which can terminate SNN anytime during inference to achieve efficient inference. Two novel optimisation techniques are presented to achieve inference efficient SNN: a Top-K cutoff and a regularisation. The proposed regularisation influences the training process, optimising SNN for the cutoff, while the Top-K cutoff technique optimises the inference phase. We conduct an extensive set of experiments on multiple benchmark frame-based datasets, such as CIFAR10/100, Tiny-ImageNet, and event-based datasets, including CIFAR10-DVS, N-Caltech101 and DVS128 Gesture. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in both ANN-to-SNN conversion and direct training, enabling SNNs to require 1.76 to 2.76 × fewer timesteps for CIFAR-10, while achieving 1.64 to 1.95× fewer timesteps across all event-based datasets, with near-zero accuracy loss. These findings affirms the compatibility and potential benefits of our techniques in enhancing accuracy and reducing inference latency when integrated with existing methods. Code available: https://***/Dengyu-Wu/SNNCutoff © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Computational efficiency

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Dynamic 3D UAV Placement Optimization: Improved Bonobo Optimizer for Enhanced Coverage and Communication 35

Dynamic 3D UAV Placement Optimization: Improved Bonobo Optim...

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35th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC 2024

作者： Yahia, Selma Taleb, Sylia Mekhmoukh Loscri, Valeria Saadi, Amylia Ait Ho, Tu Dac Vo, Van Nhan Eldeeb, Hossien Muhaidat, Sami Inria Lille-Nord Europe Lille 59000 France University of m'Hamed Bougara List Laboratory Boumerdes35000 Algeria Esme Engineering School Ivry-sur-Seine94200 France Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Information Security and Communication Technology Norway The Arctic University of Norway Department of Electrical Engineering Norway Duy Tan University Faculty of Information Technology Viet Nam Duy Tan University The Institute of Research and Development Viet Nam Khalifa University 6G Research Center Computer and Communication Engineering Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362244

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a promising solution for enhancing network coverage, reliability, and data speed in future wireless network generations. However, deploying UAVs as aerial base stations requires careful consideration of crucial design factors, including three-dimensional (3D) placement and performance optimization tailored to specific applications. In this paper, the 3D placement of multiple UAVs, acting as aerial base stations, is investigated in a dynamic user scenario. First, a closed-form expression for the coverage probability is derived. Then, to maximize the network coverage and sum rate while ensuring reliable and energy efficient system, a joint multi-objective optimization problem is formulated considering the real-time user movements. To solve the problem, an improved Chaos-based Bonobo Optimizer (CBO) scheme is proposed which combines chaotic maps with the Bonobo Optimizer (BO) algorithm. The obtained results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach compared with different benchmark algorithms. The results reveal that the proposed CBO algorithm offers a minimum of 1 5 % and 9 0 ~ M b i t / s ~ i m p r o v e m e n t s ~ in coverage and sum rate, respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Preparing a commercial quantum key distribution system for certification against implementation loopholes

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第4期22卷 044076页

作者： Vadim Makarov Alexey Abrikosov Poompong Chaiwongkhot Aleksey K. Fedorov Anqi Huang Evgeny Kiktenko Mikhail Petrov Anastasiya Ponosova Daria Ruzhitskaya Andrey Tayduganov Daniil Trefilov Konstantin Zaitsev Skolkovo Moscow 121205 Russia Vigo Quantum Communication Center NTI Center for Quantum Communications Department of Physics Faculty of Science Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy Quantum technology foundation (Thailand) Bangkok 10110 Thailand QRate Skolkovo Moscow 143026 Russia Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology Moscow 119991 Russia atlanTTic Research Center School of Telecommunication Engineering Department of Signal Theory and Communications Moscow 101000 Russia

A commercial quantum key distribution (QKD) system needs to be formally certified to enable its wide deployment. The certification should include the system’s robustness against known implementation loopholes and attacks that exploit them. Here we ready a fiber-optic QKD system for this procedure. The system has a prepare-and-measure scheme with decoy-state BB84 protocol, polarization encoding, a qubit source rate of 312.5 MHz, and is manufactured by QRate. We detail its hardware and postprocessing. We analyze the hardware for known implementation loopholes, search for possible new loopholes, and discuss countermeasures. We then amend the system design to address the highest-risk loopholes identified. We also work out technical requirements on the certification lab and outline its possible structure.

关键词： Quantum communication Quantum cryptography Quantum protocols

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Attention-Based Multiscale Localization for Bone Age Assessment

Attention-Based Multiscale Localization for Bone Age Assessm...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Kyunghee Jung Toan Duc Nguyen Duc-Tai Le Junghyun Bum Chang-Hwan Son Hyunseung Choo Department of Superintelligence Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Korea Sungkyun AI Research Institute Sungkyunkwan University Korea Department of Software Science & Engineering Kunsan National University Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Korea

Bone Age Assessment (BAA) is crucial for the biological maturity evaluation of children. Developing automated techniques of BAA has gained a lot of attention from both academia and medicine. This paper presents a novel deep-learning-based BAA method including refining and multi-scale processing of hand X-ray images. The refining step removes unnecessary background and noises in the images, resulting in a high-quality dataset. Such image refinement is beneficial for Region of Interest (ROI) localization step with self-attention mechanism. The localization model is trained with multiscale hand X-ray images separately to obtain multiple ROIs for each image. Eventually, the multiscale ROIs are used as complementary features of an image in training a regression model for BAA. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method using 2017 RSNA pediatric bone age challenge dataset. The results show mean absolute error of 3.52, which is 24.9% lower than state-of-the-art results.

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Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Optimal Energy Management for Residential House Aggregators with Uncertain User Behaviors

Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Optimal Energy Manageme...

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IEEE Student Conference on Electric Machines and Systems

作者： Yujun Lin Linfang Yan Hongxun Hui Yin Chen Xia Chen Jinyu Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China State Grid (Suzhou) City & Energy Research Institute Suzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau Macau China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow U.K.

ISBN: (数字)9798350366945

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366952

In this study, the home energy management problem, which can be regarded as a high-dimensional optimization problem, for numerous residential houses, is addressed. The concept of the aggregator is utilized to reduce the state and action space and to handle the high dimensionality. A two-stage deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approach is proposed for the aggregators to track the schedule from a superior grid and guarantee the operation constraints. In the first stage, a DRL control agent is set to learn the optimal scheduling strategy interacting with the environment based on the soft-actor-critic framework and generate the aggregate control actions. In the second stage, the aggregate control actions are disaggregated to individual appliances considering the users' behaviors. The uncertainty of an electric vehicle's charging demand is quantitatively expressed based on the driver's experience. An aggregate anxiety concept is introduced to characterize the driver's anxiety on the electric vehicle's range and uncertain events. Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach under dynamic user behaviors, and comparisons show the superiority of the proposed approach over other benchmark methods.

关键词： Schedules Uncertainty Aggregates Anxiety disorders Optimal scheduling Deep reinforcement learning Electric vehicle charging Temperature control Vehicle dynamics Resistance heating

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Finite-size analysis of prepare-and-measure and decoy-state QKD via entropy accumulation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kamin, Lars Arqand, Amir George, Ian Lütkenhaus, Norbert Tan, Ernest Y.-Z. Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States

An important goal in quantum key distribution (QKD) is the task of providing a finite-size security proof without the assumption of collective attacks. For prepare-and-measure QKD, one approach for obtaining such proofs is the generalized entropy accumulation theorem (GEAT), but thus far it has only been applied to study a small selection of protocols. In this work, we present techniques for applying the GEAT in finite-size analysis of generic prepare-and-measure protocols, with a focus on decoy-state protocols. In particular, we present an improved approach for computing entropy bounds for decoy-state protocols, which has the dual benefits of providing tighter bounds than previous approaches (even asymptotically) and being compatible with methods for computing min-tradeoff functions in the GEAT. Furthermore, we develop methods to incorporate some improvements to the finite-size terms in the GEAT, and implement techniques to automatically optimize the min-tradeoff function. Our approach also addresses some numerical stability challenges specific to prepare-and-measure protocols, which were not addressed in previous works. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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An Haptic Display for Visually Impaired Pedestrian Navigation 1st

An Haptic Display for Visually Impaired Pedestrian Navigatio...

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1st International Conference of Advanced computing and Informatics, ICACIN 2020

作者： Alzighaibi, Sara Bouaziz, Rahma Kammoun, Slim Information System Department College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia ReDCAD University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia Research Laboratory of Technologies of Information and Communication & Electrical Engineering University of Tunis Tunis Tunisia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811560477

Sight is one of the major senses that allows people to travel safely, freely, and independently of others. In their daily life, visually impaired people are confronting challenging tasks such as reading or writing. Navigation and direction finding, particularly in the unfamiliar environment, are remaining as one of the main issues for visually impaired (VI) individuals. Several ways have been emerged to help VI orientation and mobility such as electronic orientation aids which can be further studied and developed. This work aims to improve VI navigation by proposing a new tactile interface that will be designed and implemented with the use of vibrators and Arduino board. The proposed interface targets to increase the quality of life and independence for VI. Also, evaluation performed with VI pedestrian will give us further information and knowledge regarding haptic perceptions and effectiveness of such interface and interaction technique. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Navigation

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Blockchain-assisted Puncturable Signcryption for Cloud and Fog-Hosted Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems

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IEEE Network 2025年

作者： Ma, Qingru Shen, Jian Pandi, Vijayakumar Gupta, Brij B. Arya, Varsha Mahalinghum, Maheswari Zhejiang Sci-Tech University School of Computer Science and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence Hangzhou310018 China Zhejiang Sci-Tech University School of Information Science and Engineering School of Cyber Science and Technology Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Fashion and Data Governance Zhejiang Provincial International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on Cloud Computing Security and Data Aggregation Hangzhou310018 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Tiruchirappalli620009 India Asia University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taichung413 Taiwan China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Department of Medical Research Taichung Taiwan Pune412115 India School of Cybersecurity Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of Kyung Hee University Seoul02447 Korea Republic of Lebanese American University Beirut1102 Lebanon Center for Interdisciplinary Research Dehradun India Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology School of Computing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Chennai India

The widespread adoption of emerging technologies, such as interconnected sensors and advanced automation systems, has led to rapid advancements in smart industrial environments. While industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPSs) bring efficiency and innovation to industrial processes, the security risks are also of great concern. The existing work provides many methods for data security and authentication for ICPSs. However, since the authentication status of ICPSs is changeable, the up-to-date methods can hardly meet the requirements for rapid authentication and secure data transmission. What’s more, largescale message revocation incurs significant communication and computational costs. This paper proposes a blockchain-assisted identity-based puncturable signcryption (BC-IBPSC) scheme for cloud and fog-hosted ICPSs. First, based on the concepts of puncturable encryption and signature, a novel identity-based puncturable signcryption method is presented to achieve efficient verifiable data encryption. Second, the blockchain is utilized to record all valid and punctured messages, to achieve evidence storage and traceability. The results of the analysis indicate that the scheme ensures security and operates efficiently. In addition, experiments show that the size of the signcrypted files does not affect the value of Gas consumption on the blockchain when uploading proofs. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Authentication

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Generative AI for Data Augmentation in Wireless Networks: Analysis, Applications, and Case Study

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wen, Jinbo Kang, Jiawen Niyato, Dusit Zhang, Yang Wang, Jiacheng Sikdar, Biplab Zhang, Ping College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics China School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Design and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China

Data augmentation is a powerful technique to mitigate data scarcity. However, owing to fundamental differences in wireless data structures, traditional data augmentation techniques may not be suitable for wireless data. Fortunately, Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) can be an effective alternative to wireless data augmentation due to its excellent data generation capability. This article systemically explores the potential and effectiveness of GenAI-driven data augmentation in wireless networks. We first briefly review data augmentation techniques, discuss their limitations in wireless networks, and introduce generative data augmentation, including reviewing GenAI models and their applications in data augmentation. We then explore the application prospects of GenAI-driven data augmentation in wireless networks from the physical, network, and application layers, which provides a GenAI-driven data augmentation architecture for each application. Subsequently, we propose a general generative diffusion model-based data augmentation framework for Wi-Fi gesture recognition, which uses transformer-based diffusion models to generate high-quality channel state information data. Furthermore, we develop residual neural network models for Wi-Fi gesture recognition to evaluate the role of augmented data and conduct a case study based on a real dataset. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Finally, we discuss research directions for generative data augmentation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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SweepEvGS: Event-Based 3D Gaussian Splatting for Macro and Micro Radiance Field Rendering from a Single Sweep

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Jingqian Zhu, Shuo Wang, Chutian Shi, Boxin Lam, Edmund Y. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong National Key Laboratory for Multimedia Information Processing and National Engineering Research Center of Visual Technology School of Computer Science Peking University Beijing100871 China

—Recent advancements in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3D-GS) have demonstrated the potential of using 3D Gaussian primitives for high-speed, high-fidelity, and cost-efficient novel view synthesis from continuously calibrated input views. However, conventional methods require high-frame-rate dense and high-quality sharp images, which are time-consuming and inefficient to capture, especially in dynamic environments. Event cameras, with their high temporal resolution and ability to capture asynchronous brightness changes, offer a promising alternative for more reliable scene reconstruction without motion blur. In this paper, we propose SweepEvGS, a novel hardware-integrated method that leverages event cameras for robust and accurate novel view synthesis across various imaging settings from a single sweep. SweepEvGS utilizes the initial static frame with dense event streams captured during a single camera sweep to effectively reconstruct detailed scene views. We also introduce different real-world hardware imaging systems for real-world data collection and evaluation for future research. We validate the robustness and efficiency of SweepEvGS through experiments in three different imaging settings: synthetic objects, real-world macro-level, and real-world micro-level view synthesis. Our results demonstrate that SweepEvGS surpasses existing methods in visual rendering quality, rendering speed, and computational efficiency, highlighting its potential for dynamic practical applications. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics)

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