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High-frequency terahertz waves disrupt Alzheimer’s β-amyloid fibril formation

eLight 2023年第1期3卷 85-93页

作者： Wenyu Peng Zhi Zhu Jing Lou Kun Chen Yuanming Wu Chao Chang Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic GeneticsSchool of Basic MedicineAir Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijing 100071China Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine Ministry of EducationCollege of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology and K.K.Leung Brain Research CentreSchool of Basic MedicineAir Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The accumulation and deposition of amyloid can cause a variety of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s *** degradation or clearance of this accumulation is currently the most widely accepted therapeutic strategy for intervention in these *** study on amyloid-β(Aβ)oligomers in vitro revealed that high-frequency terahertz(THz)waves at a specific frequency of 34.88 THz could serve as a physical,efficient,non-thermal denaturation technique to delay the fibrotic process by 80%,as monitored by a thioflavine T(ThT)binding assay and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)***,THz waves of this frequency have been shown to have no side effects on normal cells,as confirmed by cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential ***,molecular dynamic(MD)simulations revealed that the THz waves could resonate with Aβ fibrils,disrupting the dense conformation by breaking the β-sheet structure and promoting the formation of abundant coil and bend *** study uses the amyloid of Aβ as an example,and the results will further guide interventions for the accumulation of other amyloids,which may provide new ideas for the remission of related diseases.

关键词： amyloid Alzheimer Aβ

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High-Capacity Freestanding Supercapacitor Electrode Based on Electrospun Ti3c2tx Mxene/Pani/Pvdf Composite

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Mohammadi, Somayeh Ahmadi, Shayan Navid, Hamid Azadvari, Reza Sanaee, Zeinab Moeini, Mohammadreza Applied Engineering Science Research Center School of Engineering Science College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering ''GIULIO NATTA'' School of Industrial and Information Engineering Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy Energy Storage Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

In this study, a high-capacity freestanding supercapacitor electrode was developed by the electrospinning of a Ti3C2Tx MXene/Polyaniline (PANI)/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite. To benefit from the synergistic effect of highly conductive two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene and pseudo-capacitive PANI, MXene/PANI composite was achieved through a facile synthesis. Ti3C2Tx MXene was produced through selective etching of Ti3AlC2 using hydrofluoric (HF) acid, which was then mixed by PANI Emeraldine salt in N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP). PVDF was added to the composite as a flexible binder to facilitate the electro-spinning and produce a freestanding electrode. The specific capacitance of the freestanding MXene/PANI/PVDF electrode is 740 Fg-1 at a scan rate of 2 mVs-1, and 895 Fg-1 at a charge-discharge current density of 0.5 Ag-1, which was significantly higher than the specific capacitance of MXene (67 Fg-1) and PANI (54 Fg-1) electrospun electrodes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Robin: A Novel Method to Produce Robust Interpreters for Deep Learning-Based Code Classifiers

Robin: A Novel Method to Produce Robust Interpreters for Dee...

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IEEE International Conference on Automated Software engineering (ASE)

作者： Zhen Li Ruqian Zhang Deqing Zou Ning Wang Yating Li Shouhuai Xu Chen Chen Hai Jin School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Cluster and Grid Computing Lab National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Colorado Springs USA Center for Research in Computer Vision University of Central Florida USA School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Deep learning has been widely used in source code classification tasks, such as code classification according to their functionalities, code authorship attribution, and vulnerability detection. Unfortunately, the black-box nature of deep learning makes it hard to interpret and understand why a classifier (i.e., classification model) makes a particular prediction on a given example. This lack of interpretability (or explainability) might have hindered their adoption by practitioners because it is not clear when they should or should not trust a classifier's prediction. The lack of interpretability has motivated a number of studies in recent years. However, existing methods are neither robust nor able to cope with out-of-distribution examples. In this paper, we propose a novel method to produce Robust interpreters for a given deep learning-based code classifier; the method is dubbed Robin. The key idea behind Robin is a novel hybrid structure combining an interpreter and two approximators, while leveraging the ideas of adversarial training and data augmentation. Experimental results show that on average the interpreter produced by Robin achieves a 6.11% higher fidelity (evaluated on the classifier), 67.22% higher fidelity (evaluated on the approximator), and 15.87x higher robustness than that of the three existing interpreters we evaluated. Moreover, the interpreter is 47.31% less affected by out-of-distribution examples than that of LEMNA.

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Modeling the Self-Capacitance of Individual Plates in a Multi-Conductor System using PEEC 5

Modeling the Self-Capacitance of Individual Plates in a Mult...

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5th IEEE research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Wolf, Henry Striker, Ryan Cleveland, Jerika Gieser, Anna Braaten, Benjamin D. Enochson, Avery Ewert, Daniel Mitra, Dipankar Allen, Jeffery Allen, Monica Vitola, Sabina North Dakota State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fargo United States Program of Minnesota State University Department of Integrated Engineering at Iron Range Engineering MankatoMN United States University of Wisconsin - la Crosse Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La CrosseWI United States Eglin Air Force Base Eglin Afb Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate FL32542 United States Minnesota State University Bell Program Department of Integrated Engineering MankatoMN United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

In many areas of electronics design, it is necessary to understand the different aspects of capacitance associated with various conducting surfaces in a particular layout. This is because as operating frequencies increase and dimensions decrease, capacitive coupling can become the dominant means in which noise is induced in a design. Therefore, having the ability to extract an equivalent circuit for modeling capacitive coupling and understanding the coupling can be very important, and challenging. This paper presents insight on capacitive coupling by evaluating the capacitance between two parallel plates, with particular attention paid to the self-capacitance (with a reference at infinity) of each of the individual plates. More specifically, the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method is used to compute the self-capacitance of each individual plate in the parallel plate capacitor problem, and results are verified by comparison to values from James C. Maxwell's original works and the electrostatic solver ANSYS Maxwell 3D. Overall, it is shown how the self-capacitance of each individual plate changes as a function of distance between the parallel plates. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Capacitance

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On Radically Expanding the Landscape of Potential Applications for Automated-Proof Methods

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SN computer science 2021年第4期2卷 259页

作者： Uhlmann, Jeffrey Wang, Jie Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Missouri 201 Naka Hall Columbia United States Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems French National Centre for Scientific Research Toulouse France

In this paper, we examine the potential of optimization-based computer-assisted proof methods to be applied much more widely than commonly recognized by engineers and computer scientists. More specifically, we contend that there are vast opportunities to derive valuable mathematical results and properties that may be narrow in scope, such as in highly specialized engineering control applications, that are presently overlooked, because they have characteristics atypical of those that are conventionally studied in the areas of pure and applied mathematics. As a concrete example, we demonstrate use of sum-of-squares (SOS) optimization for certifying polynomial nonnegativity as a part of a proposed dimension-pinning strategy to prove that the inverse of the relative gain array (RGA) of a d-dimensional positive-definite matrix is doubly stochastic for d≤ 4. However, it is not specifically this result and solution method that are of principal interest in this paper but rather how they illustrate the relevance of optimization-based proof techniques to engineering system design more broadly. We believe that our paper is the first to explicitly emphasize the fundamental distinction between methods that can be applied to prove results/properties over a fixed number of dimensions versus those that hold generally. The latter class of problems is the conventional domain of mathematicians, but the former is what we propose to be a fertile and largely unrecognized class of problems that are amenable to automated-proof technologies, e.g., as we demonstrate using our novel dimension-pinning approach. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Automated proofs Automated software methods computer-aided system design computer-assisted proofs Dimension pinning Inverse relative gain array IRGA Relative gain array RGA SOS proofs Sum-of-squares optimization

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Cyber-Security Knowledge Graph Generation by Hierarchical Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Cyber-Security Knowledge Graph Generation by Hierarchical No...

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International Symposium on Digital Forensic and Security (ISDFS)

作者： Ryan Barron Maksim E. Eren Manish Bhattarai Selma Wanna Nicholas Solovyev Kim Rasmussen Boian S. Alexandrov Charles Nicholas Cynthia Matuszek Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos USA Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Maryland USA Advanced Research in Cyber Systems Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350330366

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330373

Much of human knowledge in cybersecurity is encapsulated within the ever-growing volume of scientific papers. As this textual data continues to expand, the importance of document organization methods becomes increasingly crucial for extracting actionable insights hidden within large text datasets. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) serve as a means to store factual information in a structured manner, providing explicit, interpretable knowledge that includes domain-specific information from the cybersecurity scientific literature. One of the challenges in constructing a KG from scientific literature is the extraction of ontology from unstructured text. In this paper, we address this topic and introduce a method for building a multi-modal KG by extracting structured ontology from scientific papers. We demonstrate this concept in the cybersecurity domain. One modality of the KG represents observable information from the papers, such as the categories in which they were published or the authors. The second modality uncovers latent (hidden) patterns of text extracted through hierarchical and semantic non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), such as named entities, topics or clusters, and keywords. We illustrate this concept by consolidating more than two million scientific papers uploaded to arXiv into the cyber-domain, using hierarchical and semantic NMF, and by building a cyber-domain-specific KG.

关键词： Semantics Digital forensics Buildings Knowledge graphs Organizations Ontologies Data models

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Soccer match broadcast video analysis method based on detection and tracking

Soccer match broadcast video analysis method based on detect...

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作者： Li, Hongyu Yang, Meng Yang, Chao Kang, Jianglang Suo, Xiang Meng, Weiliang Li, Zhen Mao, Lijuan Sheng, Bin Qi, Jun School of Information science and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing China Engineering Research Center for Forestry-Oriented Intelligent Information Processing National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing China School of Athletic Performance Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerity Shanghai China Department of Computing Xi'an JiaoTong-Liverpool University Suzhou China

We propose a comprehensive soccer match video analysis pipeline tailored for broadcast footage, which encompasses three pivotal stages: soccer field localization, player tracking, and soccer ball detection. Firstly, we introduce sports camera calibration to seamlessly map soccer field images from match videos onto a standardized two-dimensional soccer field template. This addresses the challenge of consistent analysis across video frames amid continuous camera angle changes. Secondly, given challenges such as occlusions, high-speed movements, and dynamic camera perspectives, obtaining accurate position data for players and the soccer ball is non-trivial. To mitigate this, we curate a large-scale, high-precision soccer ball detection dataset and devise a robust detection model, which achieved the (Formula presented.) of 80.9%. Additionally, we develop a high-speed, efficient, and lightweight tracking model to ensure precise player tracking. Through the integration of these modules, our pipeline focuses on real-time analysis of the current camera lens content during matches, facilitating rapid and accurate computation and analysis while offering intuitive visualizations. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Visualization

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3-sCHSL: Three-Stage Cyclic Hybrid SFS and L-SHADE Algorithm for Single Objective Optimization

3-sCHSL: Three-Stage Cyclic Hybrid SFS and L-SHADE Algorithm...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Heba Abdel-Nabi Mostafa Z. Ali Arafat Awajan Rami Alazrai Mohammad I. Daoud Ponnuthurai N. Suganthan Robert Reynolds Department of Computer Science Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman Jordan Faculty of Computer & Information Technology Jordan University of Science & Technology Irbid Jordan Computer Science Department Mutah University Karak Jordan Department of Computer Engineering German Jordanian University Amman Jordan School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore KINDI Center for Computing Research College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar College of Engineering Wayne State University Detroit USA

This paper proposes a novel hybridization of two metaheuristic algorithms to solve the real-parameter single objective numerical optimization problems. The proposed Three-stage Cyclic Hybrid SFS and L-SHADE (3-sCHSL) algorithm integrates the high-level interactions of Stochastic Fractal Search (SFS) and L-SHADE algorithms in a single framework. Furthermore, a guided control population initialization strategy is injected in 3-sCHSL to address the stagnation and diversity loss issues as the evolution process evolves. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested under different complexity levels of different transformations of the CEC 2021 benchmark suite with dimension 20. The experimental results demonstrated the efficiency and competitiveness of the proposed algorithm against recent state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, 3-sCHSL achieved a superior performance when evaluating two engineering design problems.

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Enhanced Memory Performance in Ferroelectric NAND Applications: The Role of Tunnel Dielectric Position for Robust 10-Year Retention

Enhanced Memory Performance in Ferroelectric NAND Applicatio...

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2025 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium, IRPS 2025

作者： Venkatesan, Prasanna Padovani, Andrea Fernandes, Lance Ravikumar, Priyankka Park, Chinsung Tran, Huy Wang, Zekai Jayasankar, Hari Garlapati, Amrit Song, Taeyoung Chen, Hang Chern, Winston Wang, Zheng Kim, Kijoon Woog, Jongho Lim, Suhwan Kim, Kwangsoo Kim, Wanki Ha, Daewon Yu, Shimeng Dattal, Suman Larcher, Luca Thareja, Gaurav Khanl, Asif School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology GA United States University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Engineering Department 'Enzo Ferrari' Italy Institute of Electronics and Nanotechnology Georgia Institute of Technology GA United States Micron Technology United States Samsung Electronics Advanced Device Research Laboratory Semiconductor Research Center South Korea School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology GA United States Applied Materials United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504779

We report a comprehensive study on memory window (MW) enhancement and retention loss (RL) in ferroelectric (FE) field effect transistors for NAND applications with a dielectric layer inserted within the FE film (next to the gate GBL devices or in the middle of the FE layer TDL devices). Using a temperature-dependent modeling framework, we show that MW and RL properties are controlled respectively by carriers trapping into defects at the dielectric-FE interface and by its fragile balance with FE depolarization. While MW enhancement is achieved whenever the inserted dielectric layer is present, a robust retention is obtained only in TDL FEFETs, thanks to a stabilization of the trapped charge preventing FE depolarization. Simulation results clearly demonstrate that the fragile balance between above phenomena is ultimately controlled by the position of the dielectric layer, which determines i) the field redistribution within the stack, ii) the magnitude of charge de-trapping, and iii) the magnitude of the depolarization field. Our results provide critical guidelines for the improvement of FE 3D-NAND reliability. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： 3D-NAND FEFET Ginestra™ Retention

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Neuronal Modeling Tool Using DynaSim 5

Neuronal Modeling Tool Using DynaSim

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5th IEEE research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference, RAPID 2022

作者： Gieser, Anna Vitola, Sabina Enochson, Avery Wolf, Henry Striker, Ryan Cleveland, Jerika Braaten, Benjamin D. Ewert, Daniel Mitra, Dipankar Allen, Jeffery Allen, Monica North Dakota State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fargo United States Minnesota State University Bell Program Department of Integrated Engineering MankatoMN United States Program of Minnesota State University Department of Integrated Engineering at Iron Range Engineering MankatoMN United States University of Wisconsin - la Crosse Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La CrosseWI United States Munitions Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base FL32542 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665402231

ISBN: (纸本)9781665402231

Human cognitive processes remain an area of strong interest and ongoing research. One tool to gain greater insight into this process is neuronal modeling. The following features are desirable in a neuronal modeling tool: a library of known parameters for different neurons and species, the ability to select the neuron and species of interest, the ability to quickly simulate neuronal behavior, and the ability to calculate metabolic requirements and efficiencies for various neuronal activity. Many of these can be found in software today, but not all elements can be found in one entity. The goal of this work is to develop a neuronal modeling tool that incorporates these features. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Neurons

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