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UCat: heterogeneous memory management for unikernels

Frontiers of Computer science 2023年第1期17卷 51-61页

作者： Chong TIAN Haikun LIU Xiaofei LIAO Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computing Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Unikernels provide an efficient and lightweight way to deploy cloud computing services in application-specialized and single-address-space virtual machines (VMs). They can efficiently deploy hundreds of unikernel-based VMs in a single physical server. In such a cloud computing platform, main memory is the primary bottleneck resource for high-density application deployment. Recently, non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies has become increasingly popular in cloud data centers because they can offer extremely large memory capacity at a low expense. However, there still remain many challenges to utilize NVMs for unikernel-based VMs, such as the difficulty of heterogeneous memory allocation and high performance overhead of address *** this paper, we present UCat, a heterogeneous memory management mechanism that support multi-grained memory allocation for unikernels. We propose front-end/back-end cooperative address space mapping to expose the host memory heterogeneity to unikernels. UCat exploits large pages to reduce the cost of two-layer address translation in virtualization environments, and leverages slab allocation to reduce memory waste due to internal memory fragmentation. We implement UCat based on a popular unikernel--OSv and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate its efficiency. Experimental results show that UCat can reduce the memory consumption of unikernels by 50% and TLB miss rate by 41%, and improve the throughput of real-world benchmarks such as memslap and YCSB by up to 18.5% and 14.8%, respectively.

关键词： unikernel virtualization non-volatile memory heterogeneous memory large page slab allocation

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Reinforcement Learning-Empowered Graph Convolutional Network Framework for Data Integrity Attack Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 797-806页

作者： Edeh Vincent Mehdi Korki Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian Alex Stojcevski Saad Mekhilef School of Science Computingand Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneAustralia

The massive integration of communication and information technology with the large-scale power grid has enhanced the efficiency, safety, and economical operation of cyber-physical systems. However, the open and diversified communication environment of the smart grid is exposed to cyber-attacks. Data integrity attacks that can bypass conventional security techniques have been considered critical threats to the operation of the grid. Current detection techniques cannot learn the dynamic and heterogeneous characteristics of the smart grid and are unable to deal with non-euclidean data types. To address the issue, we propose a novel Deep-Q-Network scheme empowered with a graph convolutional network (GCN) framework to detect data integrity attacks in cyber-physical systems. The simulation results show that the proposed framework is scalable and achieves higher detection accuracy, unlike other benchmark techniques.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning graph convolutional network heterogeneous smart grid network

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Utilizing enhanced deep learning methods for residential burglary detection via analysis of human behavior patterns

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7627-7646页

作者： Pavithra, S. Muruganantham, B. Department of Computing Technologies School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India

Residential burglary is a severe crime that affects millions of residents each year. It is critical to analyze patterns of human behavior in surveillance video data and discover suspicious actions to avoid and deter this crime. However, the complexity and diversity of human behavior make this undertaking challenging. In this research, we provide a unique system that uses advanced deep learning algorithms to detect abnormal actions that signal burglar attempts at time intervals. We use the state-of-the-art object identification method YOLOv7 to detect an object and its trajectories in video data. We additionally extract the time intervals between the object's movements and utilize them as a categorization feature. Based on the COCO dataset and three videos of distinct scenarios: abnormal activity, burglary attempt, and false alarm, we evaluate our system with earlier versions of YOLO and additional detection methods. On the COCO dataset, our method outperforms all other models with a precision of 93.9%, an f1 score of 94.42%, a recall of 94.71, and an accuracy of 95%. We also show that our algorithm can effectively discriminate between suspicious and normal behaviors based on the motion region's length, width, energy, and orientation variance, achieving an accuracy of 92% on average over three videos. Our system can provide practical domestic protection by automatically detecting and preventing burglary attempts and violent scenarios. Our method can also contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of human behavior analysis and object recognition. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Crime

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Towards High-Performance Graph Processing: From a Hardware/Software Co-Design Perspective

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Journal of Computer science & technology 2024年第2期39卷 245-266页

作者：廖小飞赵文举金海姚鹏程黄禹王庆刚赵进郑龙张宇邵志远 National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 311121China

Graph processing has been widely used in many scenarios,from scientific computing to artificial *** processing exhibits irregular computational parallelism and random memory accesses,unlike traditional ***,running graph processing workloads on conventional architectures(e.g.,CPUs and GPUs)often shows a significantly low compute-memory ratio with few performance benefits,which can be,in many cases,even slower than a specialized single-thread graph *** domain-specific hardware designs are essential for graph processing,it is still challenging to transform the hardware capability to performance boost without coupled software *** article presents a graph processing ecosystem from hardware to *** start by introducing a series of hardware accelerators as the foundation of this ***,the codesigned parallel graph systems and their distributed techniques are presented to support graph ***,we introduce our efforts on novel graph applications and hardware *** results show that various graph applications can be efficiently accelerated in this graph processing ecosystem.

关键词： graph processing hardware accelerator software system high performance ecosystem

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Ensemble Multimodal Disease Risk Prediction: Integrating Chest X-Ray Images and Medical Data with ERSGB-RSW Method

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年第2期106卷 697-711页

作者： Amirtharaj, Shiny Irene David Marudappa, Pushpalatha Sachin, Lade Khalid, Mohammad Department of Computing Technologies School of Computing College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Campus Chennai India

The emergence of multimodal disease risk prediction signifies a pivotal shift towards healthcare by integrating information from various sources and enhancing the reliability of predicting susceptibility to specific diseases. Traditional methods face several challenges such as limited capacity to handle heterogeneous datasets, high computational power, and less efficiency. To solve the drawbacks a novel Ensemble Random Support vector Gradient Bayes Random Seal Whiskers method is proposed. In this study, the Random Forest is utilized to extract chest X-ray images from the dataset, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed to categorize images by integrating various medical data modalities, the gradient boosting is implemented to capture complex relationships in chest X-ray images and Naive Bayes is used to classify image features. Also, a weighted average ensemble is employed to integrate the outcomes of the methods namely Random Forest, SVM, Gradient boosting, and Naive Bayes by assigning different weights based on its predictions in this work, the Harbor seal whiskers optimization algorithm with a random update is employed to optimize the tuned parameters based on the datasets. The experimental results revealed that the proposed method improved the efficiency in the process of multimodal disease risk prediction. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Support vector machines

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EHRT-RWB: A Novel Ensemble Hybrid Recurrent Transformer for Multimodal Heart Disease Risk Prediction

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年第2期106卷 475-486页

作者： Irene, D. Shiny Peter, J. Selvin Paul Sankarasubramanian, Nivetha Krishnakanth, S. Praveen Department of Computing Technologies School of Computing Colllege of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Campus Chennai India

The disease that contains the highest mortality and morbidity across the world is cardiac disease. Annually millions of people are affected and deaths take place due to cardiac diseases worldwide. There are various diagnostic measures for the prediction of heart diseases. However, these techniques consist of some errors, delays, and high-cost consumption. These limitations affect the patients in many ways such as inadequate medication during the right time, affecting their mental health, affecting their physical health, and sometimes death. Hence, there is a need for an effective automatic multimodal disease risk prediction mechanism related to heart diseases. Therefore, this paper proposes the Ensemble hybrid recurrent transformer-based random wolf bird (EHRT-RWB) algorithm. The details of the patient acquired as input by the heart disease dataset are preprocessed initially and classification is performed with the EHRT-RWB methodology. The RNN method extracts reliable features and helps to study the temporal sequence data. Time series classifications are maintained with the help of the transformer method and the ensemble method integrates advanced cutting-edge technologies for performance augmentation. Finally, the RWB algorithm selects and tunes the hyperparameters of the developed classification method. Experiments conducted using certain performance assessment measures and the comparison with existing strategies show the method achieves superior cardiac disease detection performance with the highest accuracy score of 98.7%. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Birds

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Learn to optimize——a brief overview

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National science Review 2024年第8期11卷 39-47页

作者： Ke Tang Xin Yao Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Computing and Decision Sciences Lingnan University

Most optimization problems of practical significance are typically solved by highly configurable parameterized *** achieve the best performance on a problem instance,a trial-and-error configuration process is required,which is very costly and even prohibitive for problems that are already computationally intensive,*** problems associated with machine learning *** the past decades,many studies have been conducted to accelerate the tedious configuration process by learning from a set of training *** article refers to these studies as learn to optimize and reviews the progress achieved.

关键词： optimization data-driven algorithm design automated algorithm configuration machine learning

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A hybrid memory architecture supporting fine-grained data migration

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Frontiers of Computer science 2024年第2期18卷 31-41页

作者： Ye CHI Jianhui YUE Xiaofei LIAO Haikun LIU Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabCluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Computer Science Michigan Technological UniversityMichigan 49931USA

Hybrid memory systems composed of dynamic random access memory(DRAM)and Non-volatile memory(NVM)often exploit page migration technologies to fully take the advantages of different memory *** previous proposals usually migrate data at a granularity of 4 KB pages,and thus waste memory bandwidth and DRAM *** this paper,we propose Mocha,a non-hierarchical architecture that organizes DRAM and NVM in a flat address space physically,but manages them in a cache/memory *** the commercial NVM device-Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Modules(DCPMM)actually access the physical media at a granularity of 256 bytes(an Optane block),we manage the DRAM cache at the 256-byte size to adapt to this feature of *** design not only enables fine-grained data migration and management for the DRAM cache,but also avoids write amplification for Intel Optane *** also create an Indirect Address Cache(IAC)in Hybrid Memory Controller(HMC)and propose a reverse address mapping table in the DRAM to speed up address translation and cache ***,we exploit a utility-based caching mechanism to filter cold blocks in the NVM,and further improve the efficiency of the DRAM *** implement Mocha in an architectural *** results show that Mocha can improve application performance by 8.2%on average(up to 24.6%),reduce 6.9%energy consumption and 25.9%data migration traffic on average,compared with a typical hybrid memory architecture-HSCC.

关键词： non-volatile memory hybrid memory system data migration fine-grained caching

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ARCHER:a ReRAM-based accelerator for compressed recommendation systems

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Frontiers of Computer science 2024年第5期18卷 147-160页

作者： Xinyang SHEN Xiaofei LIAO Long ZHENG Yu HUANG Dan CHEN Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabClusters and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Modern recommendation systems are widely used in modern data *** random and sparse embedding lookup operations are the main performance bottleneck for processing recommendation systems on traditional platforms as they induce abundant data movements between computing units and ***-based processing-in-memory(PIM)can resolve this problem by processing embedding vectors where they are ***,the embedding table can easily exceed the capacity limit of a monolithic ReRAM-based PIM chip,which induces off-chip accesses that may offset the PIM ***,we deploy the decomposed model on-chip and leverage the high computing efficiency of ReRAM to compensate for the decompression performance *** this paper,we propose ARCHER,a ReRAM-based PIM architecture that implements fully yon-chip recommendations under resource ***,we make a full analysis of the computation pattern and access pattern on the decomposed *** on the computation pattern,we unify the operations of each layer of the decomposed model in multiply-and-accumulate *** on the access observation,we propose a hierarchical mapping schema and a specialized hardware design to maximize resource *** the unified computation and mapping strategy,we can coordinatethe inter-processing elements *** evaluation shows that ARCHER outperforms the state-of-the-art GPU-based DLRM system,the state-of-the-art near-memory processing recommendation system RecNMP,and the ReRAM-based recommendation accelerator REREC by 15.79×,2.21×,and 1.21× in terms of performance and 56.06×,6.45×,and 1.71× in terms of energy savings,respectively.

关键词： recommendation system ReRAM processing-in-memory embedding layer

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A survey on dynamic graph processing on GPUs: concepts, terminologies and systems

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Frontiers of Computer science 2024年第4期18卷 1-23页

作者： Hongru GAO Xiaofei LIAO Zhiyuan SHAO Kexin LI Jiajie CHEN Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 311121China

Graphs that are used to model real-world entities with vertices and relationships among entities with edges,have proven to be a powerful tool for describing real-world problems in *** most real-world scenarios,entities and their relationships are subject to constant *** that record such changes are called dynamic *** recent years,the widespread application scenarios of dynamic graphs have stimulated extensive research on dynamic graph processing systems that continuously ingest graph updates and produce up-to-date graph analytics *** the scale of dynamic graphs becomes larger,higher performance requirements are demanded to dynamic graph processing *** the massive parallel processing power and high memory bandwidth,GPUs become mainstream vehicles to accelerate dynamic graph processing ***-based dynamic graph processing systems mainly address two challenges:maintaining the graph data when updates occur(i.e.,graph updating)and producing analytics results in time(i.e.,graph computing).In this paper,we survey GPU-based dynamic graph processing systems and review their methods on addressing both graph updating and graph *** comprehensively discuss existing dynamic graph processing systems on GPUs,we first introduce the terminologies of dynamic graph processing and then develop a taxonomy to describe the methods employed for graph updating and graph *** addition,we discuss the challenges and future research directions of dynamic graph processing on GPUs.

关键词： dynamic graphs graph processing graph algorithms GPUs

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