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International Conference on Parallel Architecture and Compilation Techniques (PACT)

作者： Y. Kodama M. Sato H. Sakane S. Sakai K. Hanpei Y. Yamaguchi Computer Science Division Electro Technical Laboratory Tsukuba Japan Real World Computing Tsukuba Research Center Tsukuba Japan Institute of Info. Science and Elec. University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

The report presents empirical results of fine-grain communication on the 80-processor EM-X distributed-memory multiprocessor. EM-X has hardware support for low latency, high throughput fine-grain communication-this hardware support includes packet generation integrated into the instruction execution pipeline for single-cycle communication overhead, direct memory access for remote references, and rapid context switching for latency tolerance. The authors study the fine-grain communication performance of integer radix sort, a code with irregular communication, on EM-X, and compare it to the Fujitsu AP1000+ and the Cray Server CS6400. The experimental results indicate that EM-X achieves high throughput and low overhead for fine-grain communication. Whereas EM-X's communication performance scales perfectly as one increases the number of processors, other coarse-grain message-passing machines exhibit fluctuation and performance degradation for larger configurations due to network contention.

关键词： Hardware Delay Throughput Pipelines Context Packet switching Communication switching Network servers Fluctuations Degradation

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Modeling of a highly reliable real-time distributed system using the RTO.k model and the monitor object

Modeling of a highly reliable real-time distributed system u...

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Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable systems (WORDS)

作者： Moon Hae Kim Yong-Min Park Seung-Min Yang Jong-Kook Park Department of Computer Science & Engineering Konkuk University Seoul South Korea Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu Seoul KR Computer Science Division Soongsil University Seoul South Korea Power Systems Laboratory LG Industrial Systems Company Limited Kyunggi South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0818680466

The main focus of this paper is the modeling of a highly reliable real-time distributed system using the RTO.k (Real-Time Object) model incorporating the monitor approach. The RTO.k model is used to specify the real-time distributed nature of the system, while the monitor is used to support reliable operations of the system. A monitor is an abstract software component to handle faults occurring during the system's operation. It can be modeled as an RTO.k object called a real-time monitor object (RTMO). In this paper, we present three basic structuring schemes with an RTO.k object and an RTMO. Our modeling approach utilizes these structuring schemes. To illustrate our approach, KODAS (KOrea Distribution Automation System), being developed at LG Industrial systems Co. Ltd., is used. In order to examine the effectiveness of our approach, we have designed a simulation model for KODAS and implemented it on the DREAM kernel. The RTO.k model and the monitor approach can be easily incorporated, and can be integrated as a set of RTO.k objects so as to facilitate the modeling of a highly reliable real-time distributed system.

关键词： Real time systems Power system modeling Power system reliability Kernel Fault detection computerized monitoring computer science Event detection Moon Industrial power systems

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Application of a Load Distribution Technique for Contact Force Magnitude Limit Avoidance when Two Manipulators Mutually Lift a Rigid Object

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Intelligent Automation and Soft computing 1997年第4期3卷 363-378页

作者： Unseren, Michael A. Computational Intelligence Group Intelligent Systems Section Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN United States

In our previous work, a new technique for dynamically distributing the load imposed by a rigid object between two manipulators which mutually hold the object was proposed. The technique was applied given two different choices of a designer specified matrix, and in each case it resulted in an optimal solution for the contact forces and torque imparted to the object by the manipulators. Each contact force solution contains an object motion inducing component and an internal stress and torsion inducing component. The internal component is a linear function of a vector of “corrective” contact forces. This article addresses the problem of determining the corrective contact forces such that the internal component of the contact force solution contributes to contact force magnitude limit avoidance. The basic premise to our approach is that there is a maximum magnitude limit associated with each of the contact forces, and that a magnitude limit avoidance algorithm should be activated only when it is detected, by sensing, that one or more of the contact forces are in close proximity to their respective magnitude limits. Two algorithms for calculating the corrective contact forces are proposed and compared to determine their relative advantages. The article also presents several new insights into the modeling and optimization technique presented in our earlier work. © 1997 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Corrective contact forces Cycloidal function Load distribution Magnitude limit avoidance Motion inducing and internal contact forces Two manipulators

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Scalable hardware priority queue architectures for high-speed packet switches

Scalable hardware priority queue architectures for high-spee...

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Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium

作者： S.-W. Moon K.G. Shin J. Rexford Real-Time Computing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Network Mathematics Research Networking and Distributed Systems AT and T Research Laboratories Murray Hill NJ USA

In packet-switched networks, queueing of packets at the switches can result when multiple connections share the same physical link. To accommodate a large number of connections, a switch can employ link-scheduling algorithms to prioritize the transmission of the queued packets. Due to the high-speed links and small packet sizes, a hardware solution is needed for the priority queue in order to make the link schedulers effective. But for good performance, the switch should also support a large number of priority levels (P) and be able to buffer a large number of packets (N). So a hardware priority queue design must be both fast and scalable (with respect to N and P) in order to be implemented effectively. In this paper we first compare four existing hardware priority queue architectures, and identify scalability limitations on implementing these existing architectures for large N and P. Based on our findings, we propose two new priority queue architectures, and evaluate them using simulation results from Verilog HDL and Epoch implementations.

关键词： Packet switching Switches Traffic control Scheduling algorithm Asynchronous transfer mode Hardware design languages Communication system traffic control computer architecture Moon Real time systems

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Emergence and Effectiveness of Communication Interface in a System of Distributed Intelligent Agents

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Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 1997年第2期9卷 146-151页

作者： Agah, Arvin Bekey, George A. Bio-Robotics Division Mechanical Engineering Laboratory AIST- Ministry of International Trade and Industry 1-2 Namiki Tsukuba305 Japan Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems Computer Science Department University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States

The emergence and effectiveness of communication interface in a colony of autonomous agents is discussed in this paper. The robotic agents sense the world within which they are embedded, while performing specific tasks in the world. Some of the tasks require the simultaneous cooperation of two robotic agents. These agents are able to sense other agents and communicate via simple, task-related messages. Using genetic algorithms, a colony of agents is evolved, producing agents with improved performance. It is shown that the tendency of the robotics agents to communicate increases through evolution, as the colony cooperates more, in order to perform more tasks. The concepts developed through computer simulation are tested for feasibility in a team of four small mobile-manipulator robots, each controlled autonomously via an on-board micro-processor. © Fuji Technology Press Ltd.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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A practical approximation algorithm for the LMS line estimator 97

A practical approximation algorithm for the LMS line estimat...

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Proceedings of the eighth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms

作者： David M. Mount Nathan S. Netanyahu Kathleen Romanik Ruth Silverman Angela Y. Wu Department of Computer Science and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park MD Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College Park MD and Center of Excellence in Space Data and Information Sciences Code 930.5 Space Data and Computing Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College Park MD and National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD Department of Computer Science University of the District of Columbia Washington DC and Center for Automation Research University of Maryland College Park MD Department of Computer Science and Information Systems The American University Washington DC

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Design decision support system for the engineering/re-engineering of complex naval systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第4期109卷 23-33页

作者： Graham, JH Ragade, RK Shea, J James H. Graham:is the Henry Vogt Professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Louisville. Previous professional employment includes positions at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and General Motors Corporation. He received his master's and doctoral degrees at Purdue University and his bachelor's degree at Rose-Hulman Institute of Ethnology. His research interests include artificial intelligence robotics and paraliel computing. Rammohan K. Ragade:is professor of engineering mathematics and computer science at the University of Louisville. He received his Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology at Kampur in 1968. He has been a faculty member at the University of Waterloo and held an engineering position with Bell Northern Research. His research interests include human-computer interaction decision support systems object-oriented simulation and modeling distributed database systems and fuzzy logic. John G. Shea Jr.:served until 1995 as a project manager in the Phalanx Engineering Section of Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division Louisville Station. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from the Speed Scientific School at the University of Louisville. He was a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers.

Hybrid simulation includes both functional computer software models and actual hardware subsystems operating as an integrated whole. A ''hot test bed'' or a ''hybrid simulator-emulator'' enables design engineers to evaluate conceptual models in a more realistic real-lime context, but places increased cognitive demands on the designer. This paper describes an architecture, and results from a prototype implementation, for a design decision support system to allow a designer to make more productive and cost effective use of a test bed system.

关键词： Decision support systems

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Preface

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Lecture Notes in computer science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 1997年 1212卷 I-IV页

作者： Bowen, Jonathan P. Hinchey, Michael G. Till, David The University of Reading Department of Computer Science Whiteknights PO Box 225 Reading Berks United Kingdom New Jersey Institute of Technology Real-Time Computing Laboratory University Heights NewarkNJ United States University of Limerick Dept. of Computer Science and Information Systems National Technological Park Castletroy Limerick Ireland City University Department of Computer Science Northampton Square London United Kingdom

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent Engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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