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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： D. Burton Information Technology Division Naval Research Laboratory Computer Science and Systems Washington D.C. DC USA

A new approach to isolated word recognition is examined. This approach is based on an extension of vector quantization speech coding, called matrix quantization speech coding, that was developed by Tsao and Gray. In this new approach, a codebook containing a set of time-ordered-sequences of speech spectra represents each vocabulary word. A word is recognized by encoding it with each codebook and classifying the input word according to the codebook that yields the smallest distortion. On the digits, this approach achieved a speaker independent recognition accuracy greater than 98%. The approach is described, experimental results are presented, and comparisons with vector quantization based approaches are given.

关键词： Speech coding Vector quantization Vocabulary Linear predictive coding Autocorrelation Encoding Bandwidth Data compression Speech recognition computer science

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Computational algorithms for multidimensional polynomial algebraic operations

Computational algorithms for multidimensional polynomial alg...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： S. G. Tzafestas N. J. Theodorou Computer Science Division National and Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Control Systems Laboratory University of Patras Patras Greece

Algebraic operations on m-D(m-Dimensional) polynomials(m ≥ 2) are presented. Especially the addition, multiplication and division of such polynomials are described by means of algorithms in appropriate computational ... 详细信息

关键词： Multidimensional systems Polynomials Network synthesis

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ON A RELATION BETWEEN MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFICATION AND MINIMUM RELATIVE-ENTROPY CLASSIFICATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1984年第6期30卷 851-854页

作者： SHORE, JE Computer Science and Systems Branch Information Technology Division Research Laboratory Washington D.C. DC USA

Maximum likelihood (ML) and minimum relative-entropy (MRE) (minimum cross-entropy) classification of samples from an unknown probability density when the hypotheses comprise an exponential family are considered. It is shown that ML and MRE lead to the same classification nde, and the result is illustrated in terms of a method for estimating covariance matrices recently developed by Burg, Luenberger, and Wenger, MRE classification applies to the general case in which it cannot be assumed that the samples were generated by one of the hypothesis densities. The common use of ML in this case is technically incorrect, but the equivalence of MRE and ML provides a theoretical justification.

关键词： INFORMATION THEORY

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WHICH IS THE BETTER ENTROPY EXPRESSION FOR SPEECH PROCESSING - -S-LOG-S OR LOG-S

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1984年第1期32卷 129-137页

作者： JOHNSON, RW SHORE, JE Computer Science and Systems Branch Information Technology Division Naval Research Laboratory Inc. Washington D.C. DC USA

In maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA), one maximizes the integral of \logS(f) , where S(f) is a power spectrum. The resulting spectral estimate, which is equivalent to that obtained by linear prediction and other methods, is popular in speech processing applications. An alternative expression, -S(f)\logS(f) , is used in optical processing and elsewhere. This paper considers whether the alternative expression leads to spectral estimates useful in speech processing. We investigate the question both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical investigation is based on generalizations of file two estimates-the generalizations take into account prior estimates of the unknown power spectrum. It is shown that both estimates result from applying a generalized version of the principle of maximum entropy, but they differ concerning the quantities that are treated as random variables. The empirical investigation is based on speech synthesized using the different spectral estimates. Although both estimates lead to intelligible speech, speech based on the MESA estimate is qualitatively superior.

关键词： Entropy Speech processing Spectral analysis Autocorrelation Random variables Image processing Speech synthesis Speech analysis Signal synthesis Geophysical measurements

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High-performance architectures for adaptive filtering based on the Gram-Schmidt algorithm 7

High-performance architectures for adaptive filtering based ...

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Real-Time Signal Processing VII 1984

作者： Gallivan, Kyle A. Leiserson, Charles E. Government Aerospace Systems Division Harris Corporation P.O. Box 94000 MelbourneFL32902 United States Laboratory for Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

The difficulties in designing systolic processors can be reduced by applying the architectural transformations of code motion, retiming, slowdown, coalescing, parallel/serial compromises and partitioning to a more easily designed combinational or semisystolic form of the processor. In this paper, the use of these transformations and the attendant tradeoffs in the design of architectures for adaptive filtering based on the Gram-Schmidt algorithm are considered. A modification to the classical Gram-Schmidt algorithm which eliminates the use of division under certain assumptions is suggested. Also, size and speed statistics are given for a projected.5 micron VHSIC implementation of the processor. © 1984 SPIE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive filtering

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Parameter selection for isolated word recognition using vector quantization

Parameter selection for isolated word recognition using vect...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： D. Burton J. Buck J. Shore Computer Science and Systems Branch Information Technology Division Naval Research Laboratory Inc. Washington D.C. DC USA

The use of vector quantization (VQ) in isolated-word recognition of a 20-word vocabulary is examined. A separate sequence of VQ code books is designed for each word in the recognition vocabulary and input words are classified by performing VQ and finding the sequence of code books that achieve the smallest average distortion. In this paper, critical parameters are noted and the results of parameter studies are presented.

关键词： Vector quantization Books Vocabulary Speech coding Algorithm design and analysis computer science Information technology Laboratories Code standards Degradation

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Multichannel relative-entropy spectrum analysis

Multichannel relative-entropy spectrum analysis

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： R. Johnson B. Musicus Computer Science and Systems Branch Information Technology Division Naval Research Laboratory Inc. Washington D.C. DC USA Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

A new method is presented for estimating the power spectral density matrix for multichannel data, given correlation values for linear combinations of the channels and given an initial estimate of the spectral density matrix. A derivation of the method from the relative-entropy principle is given. The results differ significantly from the Multisignal Relative-Entropy ("Minimum-Cross-Entropy") Spectrum Analysis of Johnson and Shore because the present method does not arbitrarily force the final distributions of the various channels to be independent. For the special case when correlation values are given only for the sum of the channels, Multichannel Relative-Entropy Spectrum Analysis is shown to reduce to a two-stage procedure: first a smooth power-spectrum model is fitted to the correlations of the sum; then final estimates of the spectra and cross spectra are obtained through linear filtering. Illustrative numerical examples are presented.

关键词： Entropy Autocorrelation State estimation Yield estimation Maximum likelihood detection Spectral analysis Wiener filter Filtering Probability distribution Lagrangian functions

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RETROFITTING OF BULBOUS BOWS ON UNITED-STATES NAVY AUXILIARY AND AMPHIBIOUS WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第6期96卷 40-51页

作者： CHUN, SK HOUGH, JJ ENGLE, AH FUNG, SC Stephen K. Chunis a graduate of the Maritime College of the State University of New York class of 1981 from which he received a B.E. degree in naval architecture and his license as a Third Assistant Engineer from the U.S. Coast Guard. Since graduation he has worked for the U.S. Navy as a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamics Performance Division (SEA 55W3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Currently he is the task leader for hydrodynamic design for the DDG-51. He is also responsible for bulbous bow and appendage design for surf ace ships. Mr. Chun is a member of ASNE SNAME and ASE. Jeffrey J. Hough:is currently a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamic Performance Division (SEA 55VV3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA). In his current capacity he is a member of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Branch and is the divisional coordinator for computer supported design (CSD) technical director for the hull form design system (HFDS) Hull Engineering Group (SEA 55) assistant coordinator for CSD SEA 55 CSD coordinator for the DDG-51 contract design and SEA 55W3 project engineer for aircraft carrier/aviation support ship hydrodynamics. Mr. Hough received his B.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1978 and his M.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1979 from the University of Michigan. He began his career with the U.S. Navy in 1979 as an Engineer-in-Training in the Ship Design and Integration Directorate of NAVSEA. Prior to his current assignment Mr. Hough was the technical director responsible for the hull form and hydrodynamics energy conservation program and technical specialist for design practices for resistance and powering margins and hull form geometry. A member of ASNE since 1979 Mr. Hough is also a member of SNAME ASE and the U.S. Naval Institute. Allen H. Engleis a naval architect with the Hull Form Design and Performance Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S. degree in engineering science from th

To meet energy conservation goals of the U.S. Navy, its attention has been focused on ways to reduce individual ship total resistance and powering requirements. One possible method of improving ship powering characteristics is by modifying existing individual ship hulls with the addition of bulbous bows. This paper will identify the merits of retrofitting bow bulbs on selected U.S. Navy auxiliary and amphibious warfare ships. A procedure for performing a cost-benefit analysis will be shown for candidate ship classes. An example of this technique for an amphibious warfare ship will also be provided. A brief discussion of future methods to be used for bulbous bow design such as application of systematic model test data and numerical hydrodynamic techniques will be given.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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ARCTIC TRAFFICABILITY PROGRAM - A REVIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 169-175页

作者： VOELKER, R GLEN, IF SEIBOLD, F BAYLY, I Richard Voelker:is Vice President of ARCTEC Incorporated a firm specializing in cold regions technology. He has been responsible for the management of thePolarClass Traffic-ability Program since its inception and annually participates in the field data collection in the Arctic. His prior experience includes positions with the U.S. Coast Guard in the icebreaker design project the Military Sealift Command and at Newport News Shipbuilding. He is a graduate of N. Y.S. Maritime College and has a MS degree from the University of Michigan. I.F. Glen:received his professional degrees in naval architecture from the Royal Naval Engineering College Manadon Plymouth and RN College Greenwich London entering the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors in 1967. After serving as a Constructor Lieutenant in the Royal Navy's Far East Fleet for a short period he joined the Polaris submarine project team in Bath England in 1968. In 1971 he was seconded to the Canadian Department of National Defense in Ottawa as a Constructor Lieutenant Commander under NATO exchange arrangements where he had responsibilities initially for conventional submarines and latterly for computer aided conceptual design. He ventured to Bath England in 1974 and joined Forward Design Group. In 1975 he took a position as a civilian engineer in the Canadian Defense Department and was Head of Hull Systems Engineering from 1977 to 1979. He joined ARCTEC CANADA LIMITED in 1980 and in addition to managing ice model testing projects and full scale trials has specialized in structural response of ships to ice impact. He headed ARCTEC's Kanata Laboratory from 1981 to 1983 when he was promoted to president. Frederick Seibold:is a research program manager with the Maritime Administration's Office of Advanced Ship Development and Technology. He is responsible for the marine science program which includes research in the areas of ship powering structures and propeller performance and Arctic technology. Mr. Seibold has been employed by Mar Ad since 1961 having hel

This paper describes a multiyear program to make an operational assessment on the feasibility of a year-round Arctic marine transportation system to serve Alaska. Specifically, the three objectives were to: collect meteorological and ice data along potential marine routes; instrument the hull and propulsion machinery to improve design critera for ice-worthy ships; and demonstrate that ships can operate in midwinter Alaskan Arctic ice conditions. The U.S. Coast Guard's Polar class icebreakers were used to make the operational assessment by annually extending the route northward and by operating throughout the winter season. This paper reviews some of the operational and technical achievements to date, as well as plans for future Arctic deployments.

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DISCRETE UTTERANCE SPEECH RECOGNITION WITHOUT TIME ALIGNMENT

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1983年第4期29卷 473-491页

作者： SHORE, JE BURTON, DK Computer Science and Systems Branch Information Technology Division Naval Research Laboratory Inc. Washington D.C. DC USA

The results of a new method are presented for discrete utterance speech recognition. The method is based on rate-distortion speech coding (speech coding by vector quantization), minimum cross-entropy pattern classification, and information-theoretic spectral distortion measures. Separate vector quantization code books are designed from training sequences for each word in the recognition vocabulary. Inputs from outside the training sequence are classified by performing vector quantization and finding the code book that achieves the lowest average distortion per speech frame. The new method obviates time alignment. It achieves 99 percent accuracy for speaker-dependent recognition of a 20 -word vocabulary that includes the ten digits, with higher accuracy for recognition of the digit subset. For speaker-independent recognition, the method achieves 88 percent accuracy for the 20 -word vocabulary and 95 percent for the digit subset. Background of the method, detailed empirical results, and an analysis of computational requirements are presented.

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