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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Anirudh Ramesh Joaquin Chung Gregory Kanter Cristián Peña Robert K. Plunkett Si Xie Panagiotis Spentzouris Rajkumar Kettimuthu Prem Kumar Data Science and Learning Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng. Center for Photonic Communication and Computing Northwestern University Evanston IL USA NuCrypt LLC Park Ridge IL USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia IL USA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

We demonstrate distribution of polarization entangled photon-pairs across multiple channels in a 6 km loop of deployed fiber. We use an all-optical networking switch to route Bell-state photons in three different wavelength pairs and verify entanglement distribution in all channel pairs by measuring two-photon interference fringes.

关键词： Entanglement distribution Interference Photon polarization Photons Polarization Quantum communications

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INNSE: Invertible neural network-based DNA image storage with self-correction encoding

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Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 2025年 27卷 2492-2502页

作者： Zheng, Yanfen Zhang, Xiaokang Sun, Lijun Cao, Ben Wang, Bin Zhang, Qiang Zheng, Pan School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Liaoning Dalian116024 China The Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing Ministry of Education School of Software Engineering Dalian University Liaoning Dalian116622 China Department of Accounting and Information Systems University of Canterbury Upper Riccarton Christchurch8140 New Zealand

DNA storage has become an alternative to silicon-based storage of media. However, when used to store multimodal data such as images, it fails to take full advantage of the characteristics of high correlation and variability present in such data, and currently remains inferior in terms of encoding density and time complexity. It also has the shortcoming of weak performance in terms of error correction methods to address insertion and deletion errors caused by error crosstalk. Therefore, we proposed an invertible neural network-based DNA image storage self-correction encoding method (INNSE) that uses the invertibility of network to perform up-down sampling processing on image and video data, thereby greatly reducing the number of DNA sequences required for data storage. A codebook generator was then designed to encode low-dimensional vectors into DNA sequences that meet various constraints. Finally, a self-correction method was constructed to achieve DNA sequence error correction at the base level without adding any redundant information. Our experimental results showed that, compared to the Yin-Yang algorithm, the encoding density of INNSE was increased by 3×, encoding time complexity was reduced by 95.26%. Under a simulated error rate of 2%, PSNR and SSIM were raised by 80.88% and 63.82%, respectively, proving that INNSE has significant advantages in encoding performance and error correction ability. © 2025

关键词： Network coding

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Binary Bleed: Fast Distributed and Parallel Method for Automatic Model Selection

Binary Bleed: Fast Distributed and Parallel Method for Autom...

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IEEE Conference on High Performance Extreme computing (HPEC)

作者： Ryan Barron Maksim E. Eren Manish Bhattarai Ismael Boureima Cynthia Matuszek Boian S. Alexandrov Theoretical Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos USA Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Maryland USA Advanced Research in Cyber Systems Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350387131

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387148

In several Machine Learning (ML) clustering and dimensionality reduction approaches, such as nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), RESCAL, and K-Means clustering, users must select a hyper-parameter $k$ to define the number of clusters or components that yield an ideal separation of samples or clean clusters. This selection, while difficult, is crucial to avoid overfitting or underfitting the data. Several ML applications use scoring methods (e.g., Silhouette and Davies Boulding scores) to evaluate the cluster pattern stability for a specific $k$ . The score is calculated for different trials over a range of $k$ , and the ideal $k$ is heuristically selected as the value before the model starts overfitting, indicated by a drop or increase in the score resembling an elbow curve plot. While the grid-search method can be used to accurately find a good $k$ value, visiting a range of $k$ can become time-consuming and computationally resource-intensive. In this paper, we introduce the Binary Bleed method based on binary search, which significantly reduces the $k$ search space for these grid-search ML algorithms by truncating the target $k$ values from the search space using a heuristic with thresholding over the scores. Binary Bleed is designed to work with single-node serial, single-node multi-processing, and distributed computing resources. In our experiments, we demonstrate the reduced search space gain over a naive sequential search of the ideal $k$ and the accuracy of the Binary Bleed in identifying the correct $k$ for NMFk, K-Means pyDNMFk, and pyDRESCALk with Silhouette and Davies Boulding scores. We make our implementation of Binary Bleed for the NMF algorithm available on GitHub.

关键词： Instruction sets Computational modeling Heuristic algorithms Power system stability Stability analysis Elbow Distributed computing Optimization Overfitting Software development management

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Dual Prototypes Contrastive Learning for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yue, Tianai Xu, Rongtao Wu, Jingqian Yang, Wenjie Du, Shide Wang, Changwei Johns Hopkins University Baltimore21218 United States State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong999077 Hong Kong College of Computer and Big Data Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan250014 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan250014 China

Semi-supervised techniques for medical image segmentation have demonstrated potential, effectively training models using scarce labeled data alongside a wealth of unlabeled data. Therefore, semi-supervised medical image segmentation is one of the key issues in engineering applications of medical artificial intelligence. Consistency constraints based on prototype alignment provide an intuitively sensible way to discover valuable insights from unlabeled data that can motivate segmentation performance. In this work, we propose a dual prototypes contrastive network (DPC-Net) to motivate semi-supervised medical segmentation accuracy by imposing image-level global prototype constraints and pixel-level local prototype constraints. First, we introduce a Background-Separation Global Prototype Contrastive Learning technique that utilizes the natural mutual exclusivity of foreground and background to separate the inter-class distances and encourage the segmentation network to obtain segmentation results that are more complete and do not contain background regions. Second, we design a Cross-Consistent Local Prototype Contrastive Learning techniques to extend the perturbation consistency of the two networks to the prototype's localized response to the feature map, thereby shaping a more stable intra-class prototype space and producing accurate and robust pixel-level predictions. Finally, we comprehensively evaluate our method on mainstream semi-supervised medical image segmentation benchmarks and settings, and experimental results show that our DPC-Net outperforms current state-of-the-art methods. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Scaling the “Memory Wall” for Multi-Dimensional Seismic Processing with Algebraic Compression on Cerebras CS-2 systems

Scaling the “Memory Wall” for Multi-Dimensional Seismic Pr...

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Supercomputing Conference

作者： Hatem Ltaief Yuxi Hong Leighton Wilson Mathias Jacquelin Matteo Ravasi David Keyes Extreme Computing Research Center Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Cerebras Systems Inc. Sunnyvale California United States

We exploit the high memory bandwidth of AI-customized Cerebras CS-2 systems for seismic processing. By leveraging low-rank matrix approximation, we fit memory-hungry seismic applications onto memory-austere SRAM wafer-scale hardware, thus addressing a challenge arising in many wave-equation-based algorithms that rely on Multi-Dimensional Convolution (MDC) operators. Exploiting sparsity inherent in seismic data in the frequency domain, we implement embarrassingly parallel tile low-rank matrix-vector multiplications (TLR-MVM), which account for most of the elapsed time in MDC operations, to successfully solve the Multi-Dimensional Deconvolution (MDD) inverse problem. By reducing memory footprint along with arithmetic complexity, we fit a standard seismic benchmark dataset into the small local memories of Cerebras processing elements. Deploying TLR-MVM execution onto 48 CS-2 systems in support of MDD gives a sustained memory bandwidth of 92.58PB/s on 35,784,000 processing elements, a significant mile-stone that highlights the capabilities of AI-customized architectures to enable a new generation of seismic algorithms that will empower multiple technologies of our low-carbon future.

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Guest Editorial: Special issue on computational methods and artificial intelligence applications in low-carbon energy systems

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IET Renewable Power Generation 2024年第3期18卷 303-305页

作者： Wang, Yishen Zhou, Fei Guerrero, Josep M. Baker, Kyri Chen, Yize Wang, Hao Xu, Bolun Xu, Qianwen Zhu, Hong Agwan, Utkarsha State Grid Laboratory of Grid Advanced Computing and Applications State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing China Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado-Boulder BoulderCO United States Guangzhou China Department of Data Science and AI Monash University ClaytonVIC Australia Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY United States Electric Power and Energy Systems Division KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. Ltd. Nanjing China Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California - Berkeley BerkeleyCA United States

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Learning to Generalize over Subpartitions for Heterogeneity-aware Domain Adaptive Nuclei Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Fan, Jianan Liu, Dongnan Chang, Hang Cai, Weidong School of Computer Science University of Sydney SydneyNSW2008 Australia Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States

Annotation scarcity and cross-modality/stain data distribution shifts are two major obstacles hindering the application of deep learning models for nuclei analysis, which holds a broad spectrum of potential applications in digital pathology. Recently, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) methods have been proposed to mitigate the distributional gap between different imaging modalities for unsupervised nuclei segmentation in histopathology images. However, existing UDA methods are built upon the assumption that data distributions within each domain should be uniform. Based on the over-simplified supposition, they propose to align the histopathology target domain with the source domain integrally, neglecting severe intra-domain discrepancy over subpartitions incurred by mixed cancer types and sampling organs. In this paper, for the first time, we propose to explicitly consider the heterogeneity within the histopathology domain and introduce open compound domain adaptation (OCDA) to resolve the crux. In specific, a two-stage disentanglement framework is proposed to acquire domain-invariant feature representations at both image and instance levels. The holistic design addresses the limitations of existing OCDA approaches which struggle to capture instance-wise variations. Two regularization strategies are specifically devised herein to leverage the rich subpartition-specific characteristics in histopathology images and facilitate subdomain decomposition. Moreover, we propose a dual-branch nucleus shape and structure preserving module to prevent nucleus over-generation and deformation in the synthesized images. Experimental results on both cross-modality and cross-stain scenarios over a broad range of diverse datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method compared with state-of-the-art UDA and OCDA methods. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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Classification of Breast Cancer using a Novel Neural Network-based Architecture

Classification of Breast Cancer using a Novel Neural Network...

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International Conference on computing and Networking Technology (ICCNT)

作者： Priti Mishra Sangita Khare Tripty Singh Rekha R Nair Mansi Sharma Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham India Department of Computer Applications School of Engineering Dayananda Sagar University Bengaluru India Cloud Computing SW Research Section Future Computing Research Division Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) South Korea

Breast cancer is currently one of the deadliest types of cancer, and the death rate has considerably grown as a result of a lack of knowledge about the disease, its symptoms, and prevention techniques. Therefore, early detection at a nearly stage is crucial and vital in order to limit the progression of cancer. Malignant and benign breast cancer are the two further subtypes. In order to categorise the different forms of breast cancer, an automated system with logistic regression and neural network is proposed. The classification of the breast cancer data utilises the DNN with various levels of processing. The Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDMS) dataset was used in the proposed study on the Kaggle platform. The dataset was divided into various train-test splits. On the basis of accuracy, ROC AUC cuve the system’s performance is evaluated. The outcome demonstrates that proposed-2 outperforms in a comparable sense with a training accuracy of 98.99% and testing accuracy of 98.83%.

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Utilizing Web Scraping and Machine Learning for Improving Accuracy of Smartphone Price Prediction

Utilizing Web Scraping and Machine Learning for Improving Ac...

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Advances in Data Engineering and Intelligent computing systems (ADICS), International Conference on

作者： V. Vasanth Kumar C. TamizhSelvan L. Manoharan R. Vishnu Sekhar V. Vinoth Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Data Science and Business Systems School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Biotechnology Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology India

ISBN: (数字)9798350364828

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364835

Mobile prices play a pivotal role in determining their popularity amongst consumers and their competitive standing within the market. As customers consider their budget while evaluating a mobile phone's specifications and design, estimating the price beforehand becomes essential to cater to their needs and expectations. Hence, accurately forecasting mobile phone prices is a vital step in the product launch process to remain competitive and assess the market dynamics and competitors. The primary aim of this research is to determine the true market value of mobile phones. In this research, the dataset was extracted by means of utilizing a web scraping process from the flipkart website. The main objective of this research is to fetch the most recent dataset based on the most recent features. The extracted dataset is fitted into regression models such as linear regression, decision tree regressor, random forest regressor, KNN regressor, and gradient boosting regressor and performs the comparative analysis. The models are evaluated based on the mean absolute error metric.

关键词： Measurement Computational modeling Linear regression Predictive models Feature extraction Boosting Data models

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AgileWatts: An Energy-Efficient CPU Core Idle-State Architecture for Latency-Sensitive Server Applications 22

AgileWatts: An Energy-Efficient CPU Core Idle-State Architec...

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Proceedings of the 55th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture

作者： Jawad Haj Yahya Haris Volos Davide B. Bartolini Georgia Antoniou Jeremie S. Kim Zhe Wang Kleovoulos Kalaitzidis Tom Rollet Zhirui Chen Ye Geng Onur Mutlu Yiannakis Sazeides Rivos Inc Mountain View California United States Computer Architecture Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Cyprus Computing Systems Lab Huawei Zurich Research Center Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665462723

User-facing applications running in modern datacenters exhibit irregular request patterns and are implemented using a multitude of services with tight latency requirements (30--250μs). These characteristics render existing energy-conserving techniques ineffective when processors are idle due to the long transition time (order of 100μs) from a deep CPU core idle power state (C-state). While prior works propose management techniques to mitigate this inefficiency, we tackle it at its root with AgileWatts (AW): a new deep CPU core C-state architecture optimized for datacenter server processors targeting latency-sensitive *** drastically reduces the transition latency from deep CPU core idle power states while retaining most of their power savings based on three key ideas. First, AW eliminates the latency (several microseconds) of saving/restoring the core context when powering-off/-on the core in a deep idle state by i) implementing medium-grained power-gates, carefully distributed across the CPU core, and ii) retaining context in the power-ungated domain. Second, AW eliminates the flush latency (several tens of microseconds) of the L1/L2 caches when entering a deep idle state by keeping L1/L2 content power-ungated. A small control logic also remains ungated to serve cache coherence traffic. AW implements cache sleep-mode and leakage reduction for the power-ungated domain by lowering a core's voltage to the minimum operational level. Third, using a state-of-the-art power efficient all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) clock generator, AW keeps the PLL active and locked during the idle state, cutting microseconds of wake-up latency at negligible power *** evaluation with an accurate industrial-grade simulator calibrated against an Intel Skylake server shows that AW reduces the energy consumption of Memcached by up to 71% (35% on average) with <1% end-to-end performance degradation. We observe similar trends for other evaluated services (MySQL and Kafka).

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