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arXiv 2025年

作者： Alkalbani, Asma Saqib, Muhammad Alrawahi, Ahmed Salim Anwar, Abbas Adak, Chandarnath Anwar, Saeed The Department of Information Technology College of Computing and Information Sciences University of Technology and Applied Sciences Ibri 516 Oman NCMI CSIRO The University of Technology Sydney Australia FutureDataMinds Indian Institute of Technology Patna India The School of Computing Australian National University Australia

Road damage detection and assessment are crucial components of infrastructure maintenance. However, current methods often struggle with detecting multiple types of road damage in a single image, particularly at varying scales. This is due to the lack of road datasets with various damage types having varying scales. To overcome this deficiency, first, we present a novel dataset called Diverse Road Damage Dataset (DRDD) for road damage detection that captures the diverse road damage types in individual images, addressing a crucial gap in existing datasets. Then, we provide our model, RDD4D, that exploits Attention4D blocks, enabling better feature refinement across multiple scales. The Attention4D module processes feature maps through an attention mechanism combining positional encoding and "Talking Head" components to capture local and global contextual information. In our comprehensive experimental analysis comparing various state-of-the-art models on our proposed, our enhanced model demonstrated superior performance in detecting large-sized road cracks with an Average Precision (AP) of 0.458 and maintained competitive performance with an overall AP of 0.445. Moreover, we also provide results on the CrackTinyNet dataset;our model achieved around a 0.21 increase in performance. The code, model weights, dataset, and our results are available on https://***/msaqib17/Road_Damage_Detection. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Damage detection

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A Novel 3D Medical Image Segmentation Model Using Improved SAM

A Novel 3D Medical Image Segmentation Model Using Improved S...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Kuang, Yuansen Ma, Xitong Zhao, Jing Wang, Guangchen Zeng, Yijie Liu, Song Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan China Shandong Engineering Research Center of Big Data Applied Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Technology Jinan China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

3D medical image segmentation is an essential task in the medical image field, which aims to segment organs or tumours into different labels. A number of issues exist with the current 3D medical image segmentation task: existing models cannot simultaneously obtain the space correlation and depth correlation of 3D slices;previous models suffer from local detail loss of positional embedding in 3D images;previous approaches often have blurring of boundaries in segmenting 3D images. To solve these shortcomings, we propose a 3D medical image segmentation model named TPM-SAM. In our model, we design a twinchannel image encoder to simultaneously capture the space correlation and depth correlation of 3D slices through a multi-head attention mechanism and improved adapters. Furthermore, we design a prompt encoding generator, which divides the volumetric image into small blocks and better captures the local detail information. In addition, we introduce a multi-layer aggregation decoder by employing U-Net with multi-level skip connection to solve the blurring of boundaries in processing 3D images. Finally, we experimented and evaluated our model on KiTS21 and LiTS17 datasets to compare with other baseline models. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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A Dyad-Based Mobile System to Support Older Adults and Informal Caregivers

A Dyad-Based Mobile System to Support Older Adults and Infor...

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IEEE Annual computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)

作者： Tarek El Salti Edward R. Sykes Jordan Scrivo Brandon Plaza Vladislav Mun School of Applied Computing Faculty of Applied Science and Technology Sheridan College Oakville Canada Centre for Mobile Innovation (CMI) Sheridan College Oakville Canada

Despite a gradual rise in health care expenditures due to population aging between the Year 2020 and 2060 in several countries, the overall increase will contribute to additional GDP share (e.g., 1.3 percentage points in the EU). To potentially reduce costs, ongoing developments of mobile Health (mHealth) applications is essential which provide digital health care using mobile devices. However, there is no dyadic mHealth architecture (i.e., between caregivers and their older adults) exclusively utilizing smartphones, aimed at supporting older adults’ well-being through regular follow-ups for their caregivers. In response, we developed a novel dyad-based architecture, including mobile applications for caregivers to check on their older adults’ physical activities (e.g., walking). Our system is not only considered mobile but also highly accessible due to the pervasiveness of smartphones. This work in progress also included pilot usability study analysis for the user interface and experience design. Among the findings, participants mentioned that the proposed system strongly supports them in their caregiving for their older adults. This study will serve as a precursor for future usability studies that will include wearables.

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Opposition flow control for reducing skin-friction drag of a turbulent boundary layer

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Physical Review Fluids 2024年第6期9卷 064602-064602页

作者： Giulio Dacome Robin Mörsch Marios Kotsonis Woutijn J. Baars Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology 2629 HS Delft The Netherlands Institute of Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing University of the Bundeswehr Munich 85577 Neubiberg Germany

This work explores the dynamic response of a turbulent boundary layer to large-scale reactive opposition control, at a friction Reynolds number of Reτ≈2240. A surface-mounted hot-film is employed as the input sensor, capturing large-scale fluctuations in the wall-shear stress, and actuation is performed with a single on/off wall-normal blowing jet positioned 2.4δ downstream of the input sensor, operating with an exit velocity of vj=0.4U∞. Our study builds upon the work of Abbassi et al. [Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 67, 30 (2017)] and includes a control-calibration experiment and a performance assessment using PIV- and PTV-based flow field analyses. With the control-off calibration-experiment conducted a priori, a transfer kernel is identified so that the velocity fluctuations that are to-be-controlled can be estimated. The controller targets large-scale high-speed zones in an “opposing” mode and low-speed zones in a “reinforcing” mode. A desynchronized mode was tested for reference and consisted of a statistically similar control mode, but without synchronization to the incoming velocity fluctuations. An energy-attenuation of about 40 % is observed for the opposing control mode in the frequency band corresponding to the passage of large-scale motions. This proves the effectiveness of the control in targeting large-scale motions: an energy-intensification of roughly 45% occurs for the reinforcing control mode instead, while no change in energy, within the wall-normal range targeted, appears with the desynchronized control mode. Moreover, direct measures of the skin-friction drag are inferred from PTV data. Results indicate that the opposing control logic yields the lowest wall-shear stress (3% lower than the desynchronized control, and 10% lower than the uncontrolled flow). Finally, a FIK-decomposition of the skin-friction coefficient revealed that the off-the-wall turbulence follows a consistent trend with the PTV-based wall-shear stress measurements, although biased by

关键词： Flow control Turbulence control Turbulent boundary layers

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Natural Language Processing Revolution From Humble Beginnings to Deep Learning and Beyond

Natural Language Processing Revolution From Humble Beginning...

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International Conference on ICT in Business Industry & Government (ICTBIG)

作者： Nyalalani Smarts Rajalakshmi Selvaraj Venumadhav Kuthadi Department of Computing and Informatics School of Pure and Applied Sciences Botswana International University of Science and Technology) Palapye Botswana

ISBN: (数字)9798331518981

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518998

This paper explores the intricate development of Natural Language Processing (NLP), a domain which is centered at the core of computational intelligence and human communication. This research is inspired by the need to understand the foundations of NLP and how it has influenced the development of human-computer interactions, language comprehension systems and information retrieval techniques. It explores the transformational effect of deep learning and attention-based models such as the third-generation Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT-3), Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (T5) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). The models mentioned above have greatly improved the capability to comprehend and generate human-like language using computers. The originality of the work is also reflected on its comprehensive overview of key NLP concepts, tracing chronological advancements, exploring deep learning innovations, and discussing effective pruning techniques to optimize model performance. By reviewing the history of NLP, this research not merely brings the past into focus but suggests future developments for scholars to investigate and find solutions for current challenges in NLP. Its results not only act as a guide for practitioners today but also suggest new directions for research and development that will help meet the challenges of tomorrow in this dynamic discipline of NLP.

关键词： Deep learning Technological innovation Computational modeling Bidirectional control Transformers Natural language processing Encoding Trajectory History Computational intelligence

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First-principles electron-phonon interactions and polarons in the parent cuprate La2CuO4

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Physical Review Research 2025年第1期7卷 L012073-L012073页

作者： Benjamin K. Chang Iurii Timrov Jinsoo Park Jin-Jian Zhou Nicola Marzari Marco Bernardi Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science and Department of Physics California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA PSI Center for Scientific Computing Theory and Data Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland Department of Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Korea School of Physics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Understanding electronic interactions in high-temperature superconductors is an outstanding challenge. In the widely studied cuprate materials, experimental evidence points to strong electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling and broad photoemission spectra. Yet, the microscopic origin of this behavior is not fully understood. Here, we study e-ph interactions and polarons in a prototypical parent (undoped) cuprate, La2CuO4 (LCO), by means of first-principles calculations. Leveraging parameter-free Hubbard-corrected density functional theory, we obtain a ground state with the band gap and Cu magnetic moment in nearly exact agreement with experiments. This enables a quantitative characterization of e-ph interactions. Our calculations reveal two classes of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons with strong e-ph coupling to hole states. These modes consist of bond stretching and bond bending in the Cu-O plane as well as vibrations of apical O atoms. The hole spectral functions, obtained with a cumulant method that can capture strong e-ph coupling, exhibit broad quasiparticle peaks with a small spectral weight (Z≈0.25) and pronounced LO-phonon sidebands characteristic of polaron effects. Our calculations predict features observed in photoemission spectra, including a 40-meV peak in the e-ph coupling distribution function not explained by existing models. These results show that the universal strong e-ph coupling found experimentally in doped lanthanum cuprates is also present in the parent compound, and elucidate its microscopic origin.

关键词： High temperature superconductors

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A Neurobehavioral Evaluation of the Efficacy of 1mA Longitudinal, Anodal TDCS on Multitasking and Transfer Performance

A Neurobehavioral Evaluation of the Efficacy of 1mA Longitud...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Rao, Akash K Uttrani, Shashank Shah, Darshil Menon, Vishnu K Bhavsar, Arnav Roy Chowdhury, Shubhajit Negi, Ramsingh Dutt, Varun Manipal Academy of Higher Education India Indian Institute of Technology Applied Cognitive Science Laboratory Mandi India School of Computing and Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Mandi India Cognitive Control and Machine Learning Group The Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Defence Research and Development Organization India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

Multitasking requires rapid switching of attention and cognitive resources between different tasks in a dynamic environment, relying on cognitive processes, such as working memory, executive control, and selective attention. Although studies have investigated the efficacy of various neurobehavioral interventions in improving multitasking capabilities, the effects of longitudinal anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in enhancing multitasking performance have not been investigated. This research investigated the efficacy of 1mA anodal tDCS administered longitudinally on multitasking performance. 42 participants were randomly and equally divided into the experimental and placebo control conditions in this study conducted for 10 days. All participants executed two multitasking tasks on day 1 and received 1mA anodal/placebo tDCS during task training from day 2 to day 8. Various behavioral and neurophysiological measures have been measured. The findings revealed that tDCS had the propensity to augment multitasking capabilities in the trained task but had limited transfer capabilities. EEG-based brain connectivity analysis also revealed the formation of network hubs in the prefrontal and frontal regions, indicating enhanced cortical activation in the beta band. We intend to use these findings to design interventional frameworks to enhance multitasking performance using tDCS. © 2024 IEEE.

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QoS CBSC: An Enhanced Metaheuristic Strategy on QoS-Cloud-based Service in Cloud

QoS CBSC: An Enhanced Metaheuristic Strategy on QoS-Cloud-ba...

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Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV), International Conference on

作者： J Jesy Janet Kumari Thangam S A. Saleem Raja Dept of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Bengaluru India IT Department College of Computing and Information Sciences University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Shinas Sultanate of Oman

Due to the growing number of cloud users working on various cloud apps on specific infrastructure, resource allocation in cloud computing is implicitly difficult. Most resource allocation strategies currently in use focused on delivering efficiency determined by the workload of applications across many domains, such as business and scientific. Cloud service brokers compete strongly with one another to provide quality of service improvements based on the need, demand and the rapid growth of the services that are offered. Such conflict makes it difficult and complex to provide simple service selection and composition services in the cloud, this needs to be addressed to lighten the load on local resources. Because cloud-based services are too sophisticated and scalable, it is preferable to use an optimization strategy to choose the services that will meet the needs of the clients. To do this, a hybrid algorithm Modified Ant Colony System Cloud Services Composition (MACSCSC) is proposed to employ Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) incorporated with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to smoothly increase cloud-based services. When allocating cloud resources these meta-heuristic algorithms can achieve significantly better performance, lower costs and instances, better utilization of resources, and increased energy efficiency. The empirical findings on different real datasets have been demonstrated to show the improvements of the suggested method to overcome the drawbacks such as allocation of resources and high power consumption.

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Towards a Design Framework for Conversational Agents for Diabetes Prevention 35

Towards a Design Framework for Conversational Agents for Dia...

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35th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI 2023

作者： Sawad, Abdullah Bin Alakhtar, Rayed Alturki, Badraddin Narayan, Bhuva Lin, Shanshan Prasad, Mukesh Kocaballi, A. Baki Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia The Applied College King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia Faculty of Health University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717079

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has emerged as a significant catalyst for various health conditions. The availability and cost of health professionals pose challenges, limiting access to personalised lifestyle support. To address this issue, utilising Conversational Agents (CAs) presents an opportunity to improve scalability and adoption by improving efficiency and engagement. Thus, this study focuses on the potential impact and response to T2D. This paper aims to develop a framework for designing CA functions that support individuals at risk of T2D to be more active and raise their awareness. The study involves a mixed methods approach, including a survey conducted among 30 participants in Sydney and Jeddah, followed by semi-structured interviews conducted with 10 participants. While descriptive statistics were used to analyse the survey, the interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Drawing upon the interviews and relevant literature, this study proposes developing a preliminary framework to help design CAs that support individuals with prediabetes to adopt a more active lifestyle. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Computer programming

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An Efficient Technique to Prevent Data Misuse with Matrix Cipher Encryption Algorithms

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4059-4079页

作者： Muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman Riaz Syeda Wajiha Zahra Ashit Kumar Dutta Moteeb Al Moteri Sultan Almotairi Department of Computing Abasyn UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems Business Administration CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of Community CollegeMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Many symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms have been developed in cloud computing to transmit data in a secure *** cryptography is a data encryption mechanism that consists of different steps and prevents the attacker from misusing the *** paper has developed an efficient algorithm to protect the data from invaders and secure the data from *** this algorithm is applied to the cloud network,the attacker will not be able to access the *** encrypt the data,the values of the bytes have been obtained by converting the plain text to ASCII.A key has been generated using the Non-Deterministic Bit Generator(NRBG)mechanism,and the key is XNORed with plain text bits,and then Bit toggling has been *** that,an efficient matrix cipher encryption algorithm has been developed,and this algorithm has been applied to this *** capability of this algorithm is that with its help,a key has been obtained from the plain text,and only by using this key can the data be decrypted in the first steps.A plain text key will never be used for another plain *** data has been secured by implementing different mechanisms in both stages,and after that,a ciphertext has been *** the end of the article,the latest technique will be compared with different *** will be a discussion on how the present technique is better than all the other techniques;then,the conclusion will be drawn based on comparative analysis.

关键词： Symmetric cryptography ciphertext encryption decryption cloud security matrix cipher

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