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IEEE Conference on Visualization

作者： C.L. Bajaj V. Pascucci D.R. Schikore Department of Computer Sciences and TICAM University of Technology Austin TX USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Center for Applied Scientific Computing Livermore CA USA

Scalar fields arise in every scientific application. Existing scalar visualization techniques require that the user infers the global scalar structure from what is frequently an insufficient display of information. We present a visualization technique which numerically detects the structure at all scales, removing from the user the responsibility of extracting information implicit in the data, and presenting the structure explicitly for analysis. We further demonstrate how scalar topology detection proves useful for correct visualization and image processing applications such as image co-registration, isocontouring, and mesh compression.

关键词： Topology Data visualization Displays Data mining Scientific computing Laboratories Application software Information analysis Image processing Medical services

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Approximating posterior distributions in belief networks using mixtures

Approximating posterior distributions in belief networks usi...

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11th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS 1997

作者： Bishop, Christopher M. Lawrence, Neil Jaakkola, Tommi Jordan, Michael I. Neural Computing Research Group Dept. Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET United Kingdom Center for Biological and Computational Learning Massachusetts Institute of Technology 79 Amherst Street E10-243 Cambridge MA 02139 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0262100762

Exact inference in densely connected Bayes an networks is computationally intractable, and so there is considerable interest in developing effective approximation schemes. One approach which has been adopted is to bound the log likelihood using a mean-field approximating distribution. While this leads to a tractable algorithm, the mean field distribution is assumed to be factorial and hence unimodal. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of using a richer class of approximating distributions based on mixtures of mean field distributions. We derive an efficient algorithm for updating the mixture parameters and apply it to the problem of learning in sigmoid belief networks. Our results demonstrate a systematic improvement over simple mean field theory as the number of mixture components is increased.

关键词： Mixtures

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Programmable CNN based on optical thyristors for early image processing

Programmable CNN based on optical thyristors for early image...

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IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and their Applications, (CNNA)

作者： R. Buczynski H. Thienpont S. Jankowski T. Szoplik I. Veretennicoff Lab for Photonic Computing and Perception Faculty of Applied Sciences Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium Institute of Electronics Fundamentals Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Poland Institute of Geophysics University of Warmia and Mazury Warsaw Poland

An optoelectronic model of discrete time cellular neural networks (DTCNN) is presented. Connections between cells and parallel input-output are realized using optoelectronic devices. As an emitter-receiver device an optical thyristor is applied. Connections between cells are realized by diffractive Damman gratings. We propose a dual rail system for early processing of binary images. The CNN system performs mathematical morphology and space logic operations.

关键词： Cellular neural networks Thyristors Stimulated emission Optical computing Optical devices Optoelectronic devices Optical diffraction Diffraction gratings Rails Morphology

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Hypervolume visualization: a challenge in simplicity

Hypervolume visualization: a challenge in simplicity

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IEEE Symposium on Volume Visualization and Graphics

作者： C.L. Bajaj V. Pascucci G. Rabbiolo D.R. Schikore Department of Computer Sciences and TICAM University of Technology Austin TX USA Department of Mathematics Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Center for Applied Scientific Computing Lawrence Livemore National Laboratory Livermore CA USA

Hypervolume visualization is designed to provide simple and fully explanatory images that give comprehensive in-sights into the global structure of scalar fields of any dimension. The basic idea is to have a dimension independent viewing system that scales nicely with the geometric dimension of the dataset and that can be combined with classical approaches like isocontouring and animation of slices of nD data. One completely abandons (for core simplicity) rendering techniques, such as hidden surface removal or lighting or radiosity, that enhance three dimensional realism and concentrate on the real-time display of images that highlight structural (topological) features of the no dataset (holes, tunnels, cavities, depressions, extrema, etc.). Hypervolume visualization on the one hand is a generalization of direct parallel projection methods in volume rendering. To achieve efficiency (and real-time performance on a graphics workstation) the authors combine the advantages of (i) a hierarchical representations of the hypervolume data for multiresolution display and (ii) generalized object space splatting combined with texture-mapped graphics hardware acceleration. The main results of the paper are thus both a multiresolution direct rendering algorithm and scalable graphical user interface that provides global views of scalar fields in any dimension, while maintaining the fundamental characteristics of ease of use, and quick exploratory user interaction.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics) Graphics Animation Three dimensional displays Data visualization Workstations Hardware Acceleration Graphical user interfaces

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Managing surrogate objectives to optimize a helicopter rotor design - Further experiments AIAA MDO 98-4717 7th

Managing surrogate objectives to optimize a helicopter rotor...

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7th AIAA/USAF/NASA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, 1998

作者： Booker, Andrew J. Frank, Paul D. Dennis, J.E. Moore, Douglas W. Serafini, David B. Mathematics and Engineering Analysis Boeing Shared Service Group Applied Research and Technology Box 3707 M/S 7L-68 SeattleWA98124 United States Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics Center for Research on Parallel Computation Rice University P.O. Box 1892 M/S 134 HoustonTX77005 United States National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory MS 50B-2239 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States

It is common engineering practice to use response surface approximations as surrogates for an expensive objective function in engineering design. The rationale is to reduce the number of detailed, costly analyses required during optimization. In earlier work, we developed a rigorous and effective scheme for managing the interplay between the use of surrogates in the optimization and scheduled progress checks with the expensive analysis so that the process converges to a solution of the original design problem. In this paper, we will report our latest numerical tests with a helicopter rotor design problem which has proved to be a fruitful laboratory for experimentation. The results given here support the use of an ANOVA decomposition on a DACE model to identify the most important optimization variables in an optimal design problem. © 1998, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

关键词： Nonlinear programming

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A high performance 3.97 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ CMOS SRAM technology using self-aligned local interconnect and copper interconnect metallization

A high performance 3.97 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ CMOS SRAM technolog...

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Symposium on VLSI technology

作者： M. Woo M. Bhat M. Craig P. Kenkare X. Wnag F. Tolic H. Chuang S. Parihar J. Schmidt L. Terpolilli R. Pena D. Derr N. Cave P. Crabtree M. Capetillo S. Filipiak T. Lii A. Nagy D. O'Meara T. Vuong M. Blackwell R. Larson M. Wilson J. Hayden S. Venkatesan P. Tsui P. Gilbert A. Perera C. Subramanian T. McNelly V. Misra R. Islam B. Smith J. Farkas D. Watts D. Denning S. Garcia L. Frisa S. Iyer C. Lage Networking and computing SYstems Group Process Technology Development Motorola Inc. USA Advanced Products Research and Develapment Laboratory Motorola Inc. USA Mos 13 Die Production Motorola Inc. Austin TX USA Applied Materials Inc. Santa Clara CA USA

In this work a 3.97 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6T CMOS SRAM bitcell technology has been developed using a logic based platform incorporating a self-aligned local interconnect and copper metallization. This 0.20 /spl mu/m process technology is suitable for stand-alone SRAM applications as well as embedded applications such as digital signal processors. A stable bitcell operation has been demonstrated for power supply (Vdd) of 1.8 V. In this technology, the minimum transistor is (0.27 /spl mu/m/spl times/0.15 /spl mu/m) with a gate pitch of 0.54 /spl mu/m and minimum metal pitch of 0.65 /spl mu/m.

关键词： CMOS technology Random access memory Copper MOSFET circuits Metallization Logic devices Implants Optical films Printing Etching

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Outranking-Based Interactive Exploration of a Set of Multicriteria Alternatives

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Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 1998年第2期6卷

作者： ANDRZE J JASZKIEWICZ ROMAN SŁOWIŃSKI Institute of Computing Science Poznań University of Technology 60-965 Poznań Poland Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics Polish Academy of Sciences 44–100 Gliwice Poland

Interactive procedures are very effective for exploring sets of alternatives with a view to finding the best compromise alternative. In this paper we consider the interactive exploration of implicitly or explicitly given large sets of alternatives. Upon review of classical interactive procedures, which usually assume a utility function preference model, we distinguish three typical operations used in various interactive procedures: contraction of the explored set, exploration of some neighbourhood of a current alternative and reduction of a sample of the explored set. After pointing out some areas for improvement in the traditional procedures, we describe three interactive procedures performing the three operations respectively using an outranking relation preference model. Owing to the proposed ways of building and exploiting the outranking relation, the weak points of the traditional procedures can be overcome. Finally we solve an exemplary problem using all three procedures. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： multicriteria choice problems interactive procedures outranking relation

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Output regulation for linear discrete-time systems subject to input saturation

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International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 1998年第11期7卷

作者： Ravi Mantri Ali Saberi Zongli Lin Anton A. Stoorvogel School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-2752 U.S.A. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics SUNY at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794-3600 U.S.A. Department of Mathematics and Computing Science Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands

The purpose of this paper is to examine the problem of controlling a linear discrete-time system subject to input saturation in order to have its output track (or reject) a family of reference (or disturbance) signals produced by some external generator. It is shown that a semi-global framework, rather than a global framework, for this problem is a natural one. Within this framework, a set of solvability conditions are given and feedback laws which solve the problem are constructed. The theory developed in this paper parallels the one we developed earlier for the continuous-time system. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Regulator problem semi-global framework linear systems with saturating actuators low gain feedback design discrete-time

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End user computing: how an organisation can maximise potential

End user computing: how an organisation can maximise potenti...

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IEEE International Workshop on Software technology and Engineering Practice (STEP)

作者： D.R. Lawrence H.U. Shah P. Golder School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton UK School of Computing Staffordshire University Stafford UK Department Computer Science and Applied Mathematics. Aston University Birmingham UK

End user computing (EUC) is an activity that is attracting increasing interest from information systems (IS) researchers and business organisations. The vast increase over recent years of the use of IT as part of everyday business activities, and the growing direct involvement of business users in application development, clearly has implications for modern organisations. We discuss how an organisation might best approach the task of optimising the effectiveness of end user developed applications, and also of maximising the contribution that can be made by IT specialists. As part of this discussion we outline a modelling approach which is designed to enable the prediction of the impact of changes to identified success factors on the effectiveness of end user developed applications. We discuss the results of a questionnaire survey of 69 business users. We show how business users can be categorised by their levels of IT/business/IS knowledge and expertise, and how this can be used to identify which users are best suited to taking part in end user centred development projects.

关键词： Predictive models Information technology Computer science Mathematics Mathematical model Information systems Organizational aspects Software performance Productivity Workstations

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Choice of error cost function for training unobservable nodes in Bayesian networks

Choice of error cost function for training unobservable node...

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International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Electronic Systems (KES)

作者： Chee-Keong Kwoh D.F. Gillies The Intelligent System Laboratory School of Applied Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Computing Technology and Medicine Imperial College for Science London UK

In the construction of a Bayesian network from observed data, the fundamental assumption that the variables starting from the same parent are conditionally independent can be met by introduction of hidden node (C.K. Kwoh and D.F. Gillies, 1994). We show that the conditional probability matrices for the hidden node for a triplet, linking three observed nodes, can be determined by the gradient descent method. As in all operational research problems, the quality of the result depends on the ability to locate a feasible solution for the conditional probabilities. C.K. Kwoh and D.F. Gillies (1995) presented a paper in which they detailed the methodologies for estimating the initial values of unobservable variables in Bayesian networks. We present the concept of determining the best conditional matrices as an estimation problem. The discrepancies between the observed and predicted values are mapped into a monotonic function where its gradients are used for adjusting the parameters to be estimated. We present our investigation of choosing among various popular error cost functions for training the networks with hidden nodes and determined that both cross entropy and sum of squared error cost functions work equally well for our implementation.

关键词： Cost function Intelligent networks Bayesian methods Colon Intelligent systems Endoscopes Medical diagnostic imaging Instruments Diseases Navigation

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