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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： He, Qiyuan Wang, Yizhong Yu, Jianfei Wang, Wenya College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington United States School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Advancements in language models (LMs) have sparked interest in exploring their potential as knowledge bases (KBs) due to their high capability for storing huge amounts of factual knowledge and semantic understanding. However, existing studies face challenges in quantifying the extent of large-scale knowledge packed into LMs and lack systematic studies on LMs' structured reasoning capabilities over the infused knowledge. Addressing these gaps, our research investigates whether LMs can effectively act as large-scale KBs after training over an expansive set of world knowledge triplets via addressing the following three crucial questions: (1) How do LMs of different sizes perform at storing world knowledge of different frequencies in a large-scale KB? (2) How flexible are these LMs in recalling the stored knowledge when prompted with natural language queries? (3) After training on the abundant world knowledge, can LMs additionally gain the ability to reason over such information to infer new facts? Our findings indicate that while medium-scaled LMs hold promise as world knowledge bases capable of storing and responding with flexibility, enhancements in their reasoning capabilities are necessary to fully realize their potential. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Structured Query Language

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Few-shot Link Prediction on Hyper-relational Facts 30

Few-shot Link Prediction on Hyper-relational Facts

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Joint 30th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 14th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC-COLING 2024

作者： Wei, Jiyao Guan, Saiping Jin, Xiaolong Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

ISBN: (纸本)9782493814104

Hyper-relational facts, which consist of a primary triple (head entity, relation, tail entity) and auxiliary attribute-value pairs, are widely present in real-world Knowledge Graphs (KGs). Link Prediction on Hyper-relational Facts (LPHFs) is to predict a missing element in a hyper-relational fact, which helps populate and enrich KGs. However, existing LPHFs studies usually require an amount of high-quality data. They overlook few-shot relations, which have limited instances, yet are common in real-world scenarios. Thus, we introduce a new task, Few-Shot Link Prediction on Hyper-relational Facts (FSLPHFs). It aims to predict a missing entity in a hyper-relational fact with limited support instances. To tackle FSLPHFs, we propose MetaRH, a model that learns Meta Relational information in Hyper-relational facts. MetaRH comprises three modules: relation learning, support-specific adjustment, and query inference. By capturing meta relational information from limited support instances, MetaRH can accurately predict the missing entity in a query. As there is no existing dataset available for this new task, we construct three datasets to validate the effectiveness of MetaRH. Experimental results on these datasets demonstrate that MetaRH significantly outperforms existing representative models. © 2024 ELRA Language Resource Association: CC BY-NC 4.0.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Trace-based Multi-Dimensional Root Cause Localization of Performance Issues in Microservice Systems 24

Trace-based Multi-Dimensional Root Cause Localization of Per...

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44th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2024

作者： Zhang, Chenxi Dong, Zhen Peng, Xin Zhang, Bicheng Chen, Miao Fudan University China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Visual Computing China School of Computer Science and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science Fudan University China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400702174

Modern microservice systems have become increasingly complicated due to the dynamic and complex interactions and runtime environment. It leads to the system vulnerable to performance issues caused by a variety of reasons, such as the runtime environments, communications, coordinations, or implementations of services. Traces record the detailed execution process of a request through the system and have been widely used in performance issues diagnosis in microservice systems. By identifying the execution processes and attribute value combinations that are common in anomalous traces but rare in normal traces, engineers may localize the root cause of a performance issue into a smaller scope. However, due to the complex structure of traces and the large number of attribute combinations, it is challenging to find the root cause from the huge search space. In this paper, we propose TraceContrast, a trace-based multidimensional root cause localization approach. TraceContrast uses a sequence representation to describe the complex structure of a trace with attributes of each span. Based on the representation, it combines contrast sequential pattern mining and spectrum analysis to localize multidimensional root causes efficiently. Experimental studies on a widely used microservice benchmark show that TraceContrast outperforms existing approaches in both multidimensional and instance-dimensional root cause localization with significant accuracy advantages. Moreover, Trace-Contrast is efficient and its efficiency can be further improved by parallel execution. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Spectrum analysis

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Shrinkage Estimation for Location and Scale Parameters of Logistic Distribution Under Record Values

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Annals of data science 2024年第4期11卷 1209-1224页

作者： Gupta, Shubham Vishwakarma, Gajendra K. Elsawah, A.M. Department of Mathematics & amp Computing Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad826004 India Department of Statistics and Data Science Faculty of Science and Technology Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Zhuhai519087 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science BNU-HKBU United International College Zhuhai519087 China Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig44519 Egypt

Logistic distribution (LogDis) is frequently used in many different applications, such as logistic regression, logit models, classification, neural networks, physical sciences, sports modeling, finance and health and disease studies. For instance, the distribution function of the LogDis has the same functional form as the derivative of the Fermi function that can be used to set the relative weight of various electron energies in their contributions to electron transport. The LogDis has wider tails than a normal distribution (NorDis), so it is more consistent with the underlying data and provides better insight into the likelihood of extreme events. For this reason the United States Chess Federation has switched its formula for calculating chess ratings from the NorDis to the LogDis. The outcomes of many real-life experiments are sequences of record-breaking data sets, where only observations that exceed (or only those that fall below) the current extreme value are recorded. The practice demonstrated that the widely used estimators of the scale and location parameters of logistic record values, such as the best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs), have some defects. This paper investigates the shrinkage estimators of the location and scale parameters for logistic record values using prior information about their BLUEs. Theoretical and computational justifications for the accuracy and precision of the proposed shrinkage estimators are investigated via their bias and mean square error (MSE), which provide sufficient conditions for improving the proposed shrinkage estimators to get unbiased estimators with minimum MSE. The performance of the proposed shrinkage estimators is compared with the performances of the BLUEs. The results demonstrate that the resulting shrinkage estimators are shown to be remarkably efficient. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.

关键词： Mean square error

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A Deep Dive into Robust Optimization Over Time: Problems, Algorithms, and Beyond

A Deep Dive into Robust Optimization Over Time: Problems, Al...

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2024 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, GECCO 2024 Companion

作者： Yazdani, Danial Yao, Xin Data Science Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia Department of Computing and Decision Sciences Lingnan University Hong Kong Hong Kong

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关于权的非交换对称空间

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中国科学：数学 2023年第12期53卷 1789-1798页

作者：吐尔德别克 Department of Computing and Data Science Astana IT UniversityAstana 010000Kazakhstan

本文定义一种关于一个给定权的非交换对称空间,讨论该空间的性质,并且证明在等距同构意义下该空间与权的选择无关.进一步地,本文也引入一种非交换对称Hardy空间,研究此Hardy空间的基本性质,并且给出此Hardy空间也在等距同构意义下与权... 详细信息

本文定义一种关于一个给定权的非交换对称空间,讨论该空间的性质,并且证明在等距同构意义下该空间与权的选择无关.进一步地,本文也引入一种非交换对称Hardy空间,研究此Hardy空间的基本性质,并且给出此Hardy空间也在等距同构意义下与权的选择无关.

关键词：局部有限的正规的忠实的权非交换对称空间非交换对称Hardy空间半有限von Neumann代数

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Secure Semantic Communication for Image Transmission in the Presence of Eavesdroppers

Secure Semantic Communication for Image Transmission in the ...

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2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2024

作者： Tang, Shunpu Liu, Chen Yang, Qianqian He, Shibo Niyato, Dusit Zhejiang University College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou China Zhejiang University College of Control Science and Engineering Hangzhou China Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351255

Semantic communication (SemCom) has emerged as a key technology for the forthcoming sixth-generation (6G) network, attributed to its enhanced communication efficiency and robustness against channel noise. However, the open nature of wireless channels makes them vulnerable to eavesdropping, which poses a serious threat to privacy. To address this issue, we propose a novel secure semantic communication (SemCom) approach for image transmission, which integrates steganography technology to conceal private information within non-private images (host images). Specifically, we propose an invertible neural network (INN)-based signal steganography approach that embeds channel input signals of a private image into those of a host image before transmission. This ensures that the original private image can be reconstructed from the received signals at the legitimate receiver, while the eavesdropper can only decode the information of the host image. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach maintains comparable reconstruction quality of both host and private images at the legitimate receiver, compared to scenarios without any secure mechanisms. Moreover, the results indicate that the eavesdropper is only able to reconstruct host images, showcasing the enhanced security provided by our approach. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Steganography

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Disentangling Linear Quadratic Control with Untrusted ML Predictions 38

Disentangling Linear Quadratic Control with Untrusted ML Pre...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Li, Tongxin Liu, Hao Yue, Yisong School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China Computing + Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena United States

Uncertain perturbations in dynamical systems often arise from diverse resources, represented by latent components. The predictions for these components, typically generated by "black-box" machine learning tools, are prone to inaccuracies. To tackle this challenge, we introduce DISC, a novel policy that learns a confidence parameter online to harness the potential of accurate predictions while also mitigating the impact of erroneous forecasts. When predictions are precise, DISC leverages this information to achieve near-optimal performance. Conversely, in the case of significant prediction errors, it still has a worst-case competitive ratio guarantee. We provide competitive ratio bounds for DISC under both linear mixing of latent variables as well as a broader class of mixing functions. Our results highlight a first-of-its-kind "best-of-both-worlds" integration of machine-learned predictions, thus lead to a near-optimal consistency and robustness tradeoff, which provably improves what can be obtained without learning the confidence parameter. We validate the applicability of DISC across a spectrum of practical scenarios. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Class-Incremental Few-Shot Event Detection 30

Class-Incremental Few-Shot Event Detection

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Joint 30th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 14th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC-COLING 2024

作者： Zhao, Kailin Jin, Xiaolong Bai, Long Guo, Jiafeng Cheng, Xueqi Key Laboratory of Network Data Science and Technology Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China

ISBN: (纸本)9782493814104

Event detection is one of the fundamental tasks in information extraction and knowledge graph. However, a realistic event detection system often needs to deal with new event classes constantly. These new classes usually have only a few labeled instances as it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to annotate a large number of unlabeled instances. Therefore, this paper proposes a new task, called class-incremental few-shot event detection. Nevertheless, this task faces two problems, i.e., old knowledge forgetting and new class overfitting. To solve these problems, this paper further presents a novel knowledge distillation and prompt learning based method, called Prompt-KD. Specifically, to handle the forgetting problem about old knowledge, Prompt-KD develops an attention based multi-teacher knowledge distillation framework, where the ancestor teacher model pre-trained on base classes is reused in all learning sessions, and the father teacher model derives the current student model via adaptation. On the other hand, in order to cope with the few-shot learning scenario and alleviate the corresponding new class overfitting problem, Prompt-KD is also equipped with a prompt learning mechanism. Extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets, i.e., FewEvent and MAVEN, demonstrate the superior performance of Prompt-KD. © 2024 ELRA Language Resource Association: CC BY-NC 4.0.

关键词： Distillation

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Attention boosted individualized regression 24

Attention boosted individualized regression

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Guang Yang Yuan Cao Long Feng Department of Data Science College of Computing City University of Hong Kong Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science School of Computing and Data Science The University of Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

Different from classical one-model-fits-all strategy, individualized models allow parameters to vary across samples and are gaining popularity in various fields, particularly in personalized medicine. Motivated by medical imaging analysis, this paper introduces a novel individualized modeling framework for matrix-valued data that does not require additional information on sample similarity for the individualized coefficients. Under our framework, the model individualization stems from an optimal internal relation map within the samples themselves. We refer to the proposed method as Attention boosted Individualized Regression, due to its close connections with the self-attention mechanism. Therefore, our approach provides a new interpretation for attention from the perspective of individualized modeling. Comprehensive numerical experiments and real brain MRI analysis using an ADNI dataset demonstrated the superior performance of our model.

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