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Music genre classification using convolution temporal pooling network

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-16页

作者： T. M, Vijayameenakshi T. R, Swapna Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore India

Music genre classification is one of the most interesting topics in digital music. Classifying genres is basically subjective, and different listeners may perceive genres in various ways. Furthermore, it might be difficult to classify some songs accurately since they belong to numerous genres. Genres are incredibly wide and ill-defined categories, which makes them problematic. Thus, genre-based measures are inherently inaccurate and coarse. Moreover, not every piece of music cleanly fits into a particular genre. Many papers based on deep neural networks perform sound recognition and classification with input images of audio, which do not affect the time–frequency representation of a signal. The traditional method adds waveform augmentation to the audio signal, thereby increasing the network's training speed. This paper considers music genre classification with the convolution temporal pooling framework and explores the impact of adding the SpecAugment method to augment the spectrogram itself. The augmented spectrogram is then fed into a convolutional temporal pooling network. In this model, the temporal and pooling layers identify the genre pattern and classify the songs based on the genre. It also predicts these duplication that will occur in the given sample. We apply this model to the GTZAN dataset, a widely used dataset for music genre classification. This method improves the identification of Rock and Pop song and also eliminates the replication of the songs. The trained model reports an accuracy of 0.75 for training a 30-s audio file. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Convolutional temporal pooling network Genre classification Music genre classification SpecAugment Spectrogram

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Fairness is essential for robustness:fair adversarial training by identifying and augmenting hard examples

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Frontiers of Computer science 2025年第3期19卷 1-13页

作者： Ningping MOU Xinli YUE Lingchen ZHAO Qian WANG Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing(Ministry of Education) School of Cyber Science and EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Adversarial training has been widely considered the most effective defense against adversarial ***,recent studies have demonstrated that a large discrepancy exists in the class-wise robustness of adversarial training,leading to two potential issues:firstly,the overall robustness of a model is compromised due to the weakest class;and secondly,ethical concerns arising from unequal protection and biases,where certain societal demographic groups receive less robustness in defense *** these issues,solutions to address the discrepancy remain largely *** this paper,we advance beyond existing methods that focus on class-level *** investigation reveals that hard examples,identified by higher cross-entropy values,can provide more fine-grained information about the ***,we find that enhancing the diversity of hard examples can effectively reduce the robustness gap between *** by these observations,we propose Fair Adversarial Training(FairAT)to mitigate the discrepancy of class-wise *** experiments on various benchmark datasets and adversarial attacks demonstrate that FairAT outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both overall robustness and *** a WRN-28-10 model trained on CIFAR10,FairAT improves the average and worst-class robustness by 2.13%and 4.50%,respectively.

关键词： robust fairness adversarial training hard example data augmentation

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Scheduling optimization for UAV communication coverage using virtual force-based PSO model

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第4期10卷 1103-1112页

作者： Jianguo Sun Wenshan Wang Sizhao Li Qingan Da Lei Chen College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang150001China College of Engineering and Computing Georgia Southern UniversityStatesboroGA30458USA

When the ground communication base stations in the target area are severely destroyed,the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)ad hoc networks can provide people with temporary communication ***,it is necessary to design a multi-UAVs cooperative control strategy to achieve better communication coverage and lower energy *** this paper,we propose a multi-UAVs coverage model based on Adaptive Virtual Force-directed Particle Swarm Optimization(AVF-PSO)*** particular,we first introduce the gravity model into the traditional Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm so as to increase the probability of full ***,the energy consumption is included in the calculation of the fitness function so that maximum coverage and energy consumption can be ***,in order to reduce the communication interference between UAVs,we design an adaptive lift control strategy based on the repulsion model to reduce the repeated coverage of *** results show that the proposed coverage strategy based on gravity model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art *** example,in the target area of any size,the coverage rate and the repeated coverage rate of the proposed multi-UAVs scheduling are improved by 6.9–29.1%,and 2.0–56.1%,***,the proposed scheduling algorithm is high adaptable to diverse execution environments.©2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Multi-UAVs Ad hoc network Area collaborative coverage Gravity model Swarm optimization algorithm Random topology

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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li Xiao Chen Sheng Wen Yang Xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) security

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Computer-Aided Diagnosis Model Using Machine Learning for Brain Tumor Detection and Classification

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Computer Systems science & engineering 2023年第8期46卷 1811-1826页

作者： M.Uvaneshwari M.Baskar Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of ComputingCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathurChengalpattu603203TamilnaduIndia Department of Computing Technologies School of ComputingCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathurChengalpattu603203TamilnaduIndia

The Brain Tumor(BT)is created by an uncontrollable rise of anomalous cells in brain tissue,and it consists of 2 types of cancers they are malignant and benign *** benevolent BT does not affect the neighbouring healthy and normal tissue;however,the malignant could affect the adjacent brain tissues,which results in *** recognition of BT is highly significant to protecting the patient’s ***,the BT can be identified through the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scanning *** the radiotherapists are not offering effective tumor segmentation in MRI images because of the position and unequal shape of the tumor in the ***,ML has prevailed against standard image processing *** studies denote the superiority of machine learning(ML)techniques over standard ***,this study develops novel brain tumor detection and classification model using met heuristic optimization with machine learning(BTDC-MOML)*** accomplish the detection of brain tumor effectively,a Computer-Aided Design(CAD)model using Machine Learning(ML)technique is proposed in this research ***,the input image pre-processing is performed using Gaborfiltering(GF)based noise removal,contrast enhancement,and skull ***,mayfly optimization with the Kapur’s thresholding based segmentation process takes *** feature extraction proposes,local diagonal extreme patterns(LDEP)are *** last,the Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)model can be used for the BT classification *** accuracy analysis is performed in terms of Learning accuracy,and the validation accuracy is performed to determine the efficiency of the proposed research *** experimental validation of the proposed model demonstrates its promising performance over other existing methods.

关键词： Brain tumor machine learning segmentation computer-aided diagnosis skull stripping

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Robust federated contrastive recommender system against targeted model poisoning attack

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 50-65页

作者： Wei YUAN Chaoqun YANG Liang QU Guanhua YE Quoc Viet Hung NGUYEN Hongzhi YIN School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University Deep Neural Computing Company Limited

Federated recommender systems(FedRecs) have garnered increasing attention recently, thanks to their privacypreserving benefits. However, the decentralized and open characteristics of current FedRecs present at least two ***, the performance of FedRecs is compromised due to highly sparse on-device data for each client. Second, the system's robustness is undermined by the vulnerability to model poisoning attacks launched by malicious users. In this paper, we introduce a novel contrastive learning framework designed to fully leverage the client's sparse data through embedding augmentation, referred to as CL4FedRec. Unlike previous contrastive learning approaches in FedRecs that necessitate clients to share their private parameters, our CL4FedRec aligns with the basic FedRec learning protocol, ensuring compatibility with most existing FedRec implementations. We then evaluate the robustness of FedRecs equipped with CL4FedRec by subjecting it to several state-of-the-art model poisoning attacks. Surprisingly, our observations reveal that contrastive learning tends to exacerbate the vulnerability of FedRecs to these attacks. This is attributed to the enhanced embedding uniformity, making the polluted target item embedding easily proximate to popular items. Based on this insight, we propose an enhanced and robust version of CL4FedRec(rCL4FedRec) by introducing a regularizer to maintain the distance among item embeddings with different popularity levels. Extensive experiments conducted on four commonly used recommendation datasets demonstrate that rCL4FedRec significantly enhances both the model's performance and the robustness of FedRecs.

关键词： federated recommender system contrastive learning model poisoning attack and defense

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Detecting Vulnerability on IoT Device Firmware: A Survey

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第1期10卷 25-41页

作者： Xiaotao Feng Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Wei Zhou Sheng Wen Yang Xiang School of Science Computing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn VIC 3122Australia IEEE

Internet of things (IoT) devices make up 30%of all network-connected endpoints,introducing vulnerabilities and novel attacks that make many companies as primary targets for *** address this increasing threat surface,every organization deploying IoT devices needs to consider security risks to ensure those devices are secure and *** all the solutions for security risks,firmware security analysis is essential to fix software bugs,patch vulnerabilities,or add new security features to protect users of those vulnerable ***,firmware security analysis has never been an easy job due to the diversity of the execution environment and the close source of *** two distinct features complicate the operations to unpack firmware samples for detailed *** also make it difficult to create visual environments to emulate the running of device *** researchers have developed many novel methods to overcome various challenges in the past decade,critical barriers impede firmware security analysis in ***,this survey is motivated to systematically review and analyze the research challenges and their solutions,considering both breadth and ***,based on the analysis perspectives,various methods that perform security analysis on IoT devices are introduced and classified into four *** challenges in each category are discussed in detail,and potential solutions are proposed *** then discuss the flaws of these solutions and provide future directions for this research *** survey can be utilized by a broad range of readers,including software developers,cyber security researchers,and software security engineers,to better understand firmware security analysis.

关键词： Firmware emulation internet of things(IoT)firmware network fuzzing security static analysis

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An effective object detection and tracking using automated image annotation with inception based faster R-CNN model

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International Journal of Cognitive computing in engineering 2024年第1期5卷 343-356页

作者： Vijiyakumar, K. Govindasamy, V. Akila, V. Department of Computing Technologies School of computing SRM institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur campus Tamilnadu Chengalpattu district India Department of Information Technology Pondicherry Engineering College Pondicherry India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College Pondicherry India

The present study advances object detection and tracking techniques by proposing a novel model combining Automated Image Annotation with Inception v2-based Faster RCNN (AIA-IFRCNN). The research methodology utilizes the DCF-CSRT model for image annotation, Faster RCNN for object detection, and the inception v2 model for feature extraction, followed by a softmax layer for image classification. The proposed AIA-IFRCNN model is evaluated on three benchmark datasets: Bird (Dataset 1), UCSDped2 (Dataset 2), and Under Water (Dataset 3), to determine prediction accuracy, annotation time, Center Location Error (CLE), and Overlap Rate (OR). The experimental results indicate that the AIA-IFRCNN model outperformed existing models regarding detection accuracy and tracking performance. Notably, it achieved a maximum detection accuracy of 95.62 % on Dataset 1, outperforming other models. Additionally, it achieved minimum average CLE values of 4.16, 5.78, and 3.54, and higher overlap rates of 0.92, 0.90, and 0.94 on the respective datasets (1, 2 and 3). Hence, this research work on object detection and tracking using the AIA-IFRCNN model is essential for improving system efficiency and fostering innovation in the field of computer vision and object tracking. © 2024

关键词： Image annotation

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When Embodied AI Meets Industry 5.0:Human-Centered Smart Manufacturing

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第3期12卷 485-501页

作者： Jing Xu Qiyu Sun Qing-Long Han Yang Tang IEEE the Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology

As embodied intelligence(EI), large language models(LLMs), and cloud computing continue to advance, Industry5.0 facilitates the development of industrial artificial intelligence(Ind AI) through cyber-physical-social systems(CPSSs) with a human-centric focus. These technologies are organized by the system-wide approach of Industry 5.0, in order to empower the manufacturing industry to achieve broader societal goals of job creation, economic growth, and green production. This survey first provides a general framework of smart manufacturing in the context of Industry 5.0. Wherein, the embodied agents, like robots, sensors, and actuators, are the carriers for Ind AI, facilitating the development of the self-learning intelligence in individual entities, the collaborative intelligence in production lines and factories(smart systems), and the swarm intelligence within industrial clusters(systems of smart systems). Through the framework of CPSSs, the key technologies and their possible applications for supporting the single-agent, multi-agent and swarm-agent embodied Ind AI have been reviewed, such as the embodied perception, interaction, scheduling, multi-mode large language models, and collaborative training. Finally, to stimulate future research in this area, the open challenges and opportunities of applying Industry 5.0 to smart manufacturing are identified and discussed. The perspective of Industry 5.0-driven manufacturing industry aims to enhance operational productivity and efficiency by seamlessly integrating the virtual and physical worlds in a human-centered manner, thereby fostering an intelligent, sustainable, and resilient industrial landscape.

关键词： Embodied AI human-centered manufacturing Industry 5.0 internet of things large multi-mode language models

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Multi-Dimensional Training Optimization for Efficient Federated Synergy Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile computing 2025年第7期24卷 6243-6258页

作者： Fu, Shucun Dong, Fang Chen, Runze Shen, Dian Zhang, Jinghui He, Qiang Southeast University School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing China Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan China

Edge learning (EL) is an end-to-edge collaborative learning paradigm enabling devices to participate in model training and data analysis, opening countless opportunities for edge intelligence. As a promising EL framework, federated synergy learning (FSyL) mitigates the computation and communication overhead on resource-constrained devices by offloading partial model layers to the edge server for synergistic training. Nevertheless, due to the system and statistical heterogeneity, naively using existing FSyL methods is significantly time-consuming and causes accuracy degradation. Motivated by this issue, this paper introduces a novel FSyL framework that integrates multi-dimensional training optimization and formulates the edge learning cost minimization (ELCM) problem. To tackle the ELCM efficiently, we design OL-MG, an OnLine Model Splitting and Resource Provisioning Game. Specifically, we first reformulate and decompose the original ELCM based on data quality evaluation. Then, given a model splitting decision, we determine the optimal resource provisioning in Sub-problem1, based on which optimal model splitting in Sub-problem2 is modeled as a potential game. Subsequently, we introduce a decentralized algorithm to find a Nash equilibrium (NE) solution. Furthermore, we further extend OL-MG to support a budget-aware multi-edge scenario. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed mechanism significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in cost-saving and accuracy improvement. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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