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Innovative fusion of VGG16, MobileNet, EfficientNet, AlexNet, and ResNet50 for MRI-based brain tumor identification

Iran Journal of Computer Science 2024年第1期8卷 185-215页

作者： Kia, Marjan Sadeghi, Soroush Safarpour, Homayoun Kamsari, Mohammadreza Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, Saeid Ranjbarzadeh, Ramin Department of Business Information System Business Analysis (ISBA) Park University Parkville United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Software Engineering University of Szeged Szeged Hungary Faculty of Electrical Engineering Malek-Ashtar University of Technology(MUT) Esfahan Iran Faculty of Industrial Engineering Urmia University of Technology Urmia Iran School of Computing Faculty of Engineering and Computing Dublin City University Dublin Ireland

This study presents a novel approach for brain MRI classification by integrating multiple state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) architectures, including VGG16, EfficientNet, MobileNet, AlexNet, and ResNet50, with an attention mechanism. The primary objective was to accurately detect the presence or absence of brain tumors—a critical challenge in medical diagnosis. The methodology was validated on a comprehensive dataset comprising 3264 brain MRI scans, systematically divided into training, validation, and testing subsets. Preprocessing techniques tailored for MRI data were employed to enhance input quality. Each model was initially developed and evaluated individually to establish a performance baseline before their integration. The proposed ensemble technique capitalized on the complementary strengths of these models to enhance classification accuracy and robustness. The inclusion of an attention mechanism further refined the models by emphasizing critical regions in the MRI scans, thereby boosting predictive performance. In addition, data augmentation techniques were applied to mitigate overfitting and increase dataset resilience. Performance metrics, including precision, accuracy, and recall, demonstrated significant improvements across all evaluations, particularly for the models incorporating the attention mechanism. These findings highlight the potential of combining advanced DL architectures with attention mechanisms as a promising strategy for precise and reliable brain tumor classification in MRI scans. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： AlexNet Attention mechanism Brain tumor classification MobileNet ResNet50

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Spatial-Temporal Graph-Based AU Relationship Learning for Facial Action Unit Detection

Spatial-Temporal Graph-Based AU Relationship Learning for Fa...

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2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, CVPRW 2023

作者： Wang, Zihan Song, Siyang Luo, Cheng Zhou, Yuzhi Wu, Shiling Xie, Weicheng Shen, Linlin Shenzhen University Computer Vision Institute School of Computer Science & Software Engineering China Shenzhen University National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology China University of Leicester School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

This paper presents our Facial Action Units (AUs) detection submission to the fifth Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild Competition (ABAW). Our approach consists of three main modules: (i) a pre-trained facial representation encoder which produce a strong facial representation from each input face image in the input sequence;(ii) an AU-specific feature generator that specifically learns a set of AU features from each facial representation;and (iii) a spatio-temporal graph learning module that constructs a spatio-temporal graph representation. This graph representation describes AUs contained in all frames and predicts the occurrence of each AU based on both the modeled spatial information within the corresponding face and the learned temporal dynamics among frames. The experimental results show that our approach outperformed the baseline and the spatio-temporal graph representation learning allows our model to generate the best results among all ablated systems. Our model ranks at the 4th place in the AU recognition track at the 5th ABAW Competition. Our code is publicly available at https://***/wzh125/ABAW-5. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Explainable AI: A Way to Achieve Trustworthy AI 10

Explainable AI: A Way to Achieve Trustworthy AI

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10th IEEE Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud, BigDataSecurity 2024

作者： Li, Yanlu Xiao, Yufeng Gong, Yinyan Zhang, Ronglin Huo, Yingzi Wu, Yanbing Hunan Key Laboratory for Service Computing Novel Software Technology Xiangtan411201 China Hunan University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Xiangtan411201 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389524

AI is black-box and non-explainable, in other words, due to the complexity of the decision-making process of AI, people are unable to know why and how AI makes the decision. For these reasons, people will question and worry about AI's decision-making. Against this background, researchers have proposed the concept of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The aim of this paper is to help readers be able to better understand XAI through extensive surveys. In this paper, we discuss the concept of XAI, the motivation of the research, the current status of the research, and the difficulties in the research process. At the same time, we also discuss the specific methods to realize AI explainability by dividing AI explainability methods into two ways: transparent design and ex post facto interpretation. In addition, we select the three fields of healthcare, finance, and autonomous driving, discuss the application of XAI in these three fields, and select some representative results as examples through surveys. Finally, we summarize this article and present our outlook on the future development of XAI. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Machine learning

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Recent trends in crowd management using deep learning techniques: a systematic literature review

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Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for engineering and Architecture 2024年第4期15卷 355-383页

作者： Alasmari, Aisha M. Farooqi, Norah S. Alotaibi, Youseef A. Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computing Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia College of Computing Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia Dar Al-Hekma University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computing Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia

Crowd management has become an integral part of urban planning in abnormality in the crowd and predict its future issues. Big data in social media is a rich source for researchers in crowd data analysis. In this systematic literature review (SLR), modern societies. It can organize the flow of the crowd, perform counting, recognize the related works are analyzed, which includes crowd management from both global and local sides (Hajj events—Saudi Arabia) based on deep learning (DL) methods. This survey concerns crowd management research published from 2010 to 2023. It has specified 45 primary studies that accomplish the objectives of the research questions (RQs), namely, investigation of the taxonomies, approaches, and comprehensive studies of crowd management both globally and locally and focusing on the most commonly used techniques of DL. We found both supervised and unsupervised DL techniques have achieved high accuracy, with different strengths and weaknesses for each approach. A lot of these studies discuss aspects of scene analysis of crowds, that are captured by installed cameras in the place. However, there is a dilemma regarding exploiting data provided on social media to use in the crowd analysis domain. Which we believe that the analysis of big data may raise crowd management to the upper level of enhancement. To this end, motivated by the findings of this SLR. The primary purpose of this review is strived to illustrate obstacles and dilemmas in crowd analysis fields to provide a road map for future researchers. Furthermore, it aims to find research gaps existing to focus on it in the future studies. The results indicate that the lack of Hajj research, especially in sentiment analysis and the study of the pilgrims' behavior. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Crowd analysis Crowd behaviors analysis Crowed management Hajj Social media

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On Text Granularity and Metric Frameworks for Large Language Model Content Detection

On Text Granularity and Metric Frameworks for Large Language...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2024

作者： Le, Linh Tran, Dung Kennesaw State University College of Computing and Software Engineering KennesawGA United States Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital BostonMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362480

Breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have allowed Artificial Intelligence (AI) assistant systems to provide quality information with conveniences. An issue is paralleling the advantages, however. One among the problems of LLM generated content is that they seem indistinguishable from that of human which leads to numerous issues in areas like science, education, information security, etc. Furthermore, approaches in LLM content detection are either computationally expensive or need the LLMs' internal computations which make them more difficult to be used by the public. Addressing the research gap, we present a metric learning framework for LLM text detection that is balanced for resources, accessibility, and performance. Specifically, the detection framework relies on metric learning to evaluate the similarity between a given text to an equivalent example from LLMs and verify whether the former is from human or AI. The framework can be trained in triplets or pairs of text instances from the same contexts at either the full-text or the sentence granularity levels. For benchmarking, five corpora totalling over 95,000 contexts and responses from human and GPT-3.5 TURBO or GPT-4 TURBO are developed. In term of performance, our architectures maintain 0.87 to 0.95 F1 scores throughout multiple experiment settings. Our framework also requires much less time in training and inference compared to RoBERTa, LLaMA 3, and Ghostbuster, while having 90% to 150% performances of the best benchmark. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Middle School Architect: Programmatic Modeling and Construction via a 3D Graphics Platform in Elm 2

Middle School Architect: Programmatic Modeling and Construct...

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2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and engineering, ic-ETITE 2024

作者： Parcha, Anurag Mishra, Sanjana Anand, Christopher Kumar Pushparaj, Jagalingam Simon Fraser University BurnabyBC Canada McMaster University Computing and Software HamiltonON Canada School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology TN Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328202

Today, school students are first introduced to geom-etry and advanced mathematical concepts by plotting a graph in 2D and they struggle with 3D concepts since current technologies are either too difficult to grasp or too simple with only drag-drop functionalities disconnected from coordinates. This article presents a 3D graphics library and an interactive, educational system for visualization of a 3D environment where planks of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) can be manipulated by geometric and mathematical functions to produce a 3D building. Throughout, there is a focus on functions, 3D geometry and other underlying mathematics, and links are made with the world of computing, specifically computer graphics, to increase students' interest and confidence. Activities built on this library simultaneously meet multiple curricular objectives: mathematics (including 3D geometry), programming (in Elm, a web program-ming language used commercially), and sustainable development (using a negative embodied carbon building material). © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sustainable development

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The Impact of Transformer Models and Regression Algorithms on Automated Short Answer Grading 5

The Impact of Transformer Models and Regression Algorithms o...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical, computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies, ICAECT 2025

作者： Nampoothiri, Abhijith. N. Thushara, M.G. Pradeesh, N. Anand Krishna, K.R. Santhosh, Abhai Abhijith Kumar, S. Kumar, Suryan Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Department of Computer Science and Applications Amritapuri India Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amritapuri India Omnex Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd Thoraipakkam Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350356236

Grading short answer questions in higher education often poses significant challenges due to its subjective nature and time-consuming process. As educational institutions expand, the need for efficient and objective grading solutions becomes critical. This paper investigates the use of machine learning and natural language processing to automate the evaluation of short answer responses. Our study employs a two-phase methodology: first, several transformer models - including BERT, Sentence-BERT, T5, Genism, and XLNet - are used to transform text into numerical representations. In the second phase, various regression techniques, such as Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and AdaBoost, are applied to these representations to estimate scores. Our findings indicate that the combination of the BERT model with Random Forest performs the best, demonstrating superior accuracy with the lowest error metrics. This optimal model pairing is proposed for integration into the Ample Learning Management System (LMS) to enhance grading efficiency and provide quicker, more reliable feedback. The significant implications of this research provides teachers with a robust tool for automated grading, which can enhance the educational experience by delivering timely and accurate evaluations. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Teaching

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A Lightweight and High-Fidelity Model for Generalized Audio-Driven 3D Talking Face Synthesis 27th

A Lightweight and High-Fidelity Model for Generalized Audi...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Liu, Shunce Zhong, Yuwei Wang, Huixuan Peng, Jingliang Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan China School of Information Science and Engineering University of Jinan Jinan China School of Software and Microelectronics Peking University Beijing China School of Software Shandong University Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781247

We present LW-GeneFace, a lightweight and high-fidelity model for generalized audio-driven facial animation, in this paper. We develop this model by reducing the size while maintaining the synthetic quality of GeneFace, an audio-driven facial animation model known for its high fidelity and generalization capabilities. Specifically, we compress the first and the third stages of GeneFace as they dominate the model size. In the first stage, we propose a lightweight version of the WaveNet-based network inspired by MobileNetV3 and DP-block. It utilizes depthwise separable convolution and dual-path feature extraction to compress the network while maintaining effective feature extraction. The shared network structure in the dual-path feature extraction further reduces model complexity and improves training efficiency. In the third stage, we generate realistic 3D renderings at reduced model size by introducing novelties in RAD-NeRF. Technically, we reduce the hash table sizes in the grid-based encoding modules, as well as present a lightweight bottleneck MLP architecture to increase the non-linearity of the model. Experimental results demonstrate that LW-GeneFace achieves state-of-the-art performance with both model size and synthetic quality considered. The source code of LW-GeneFace will be released after acceptance of this paper. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Animation

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COSIS: An AI-Enabled Digital Transformation Framework Integrating Large Language Models and Key Performance Indicators 21st

COSIS: An AI-Enabled Digital Transformation Framework Integr...

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21st International Conference on Services computing, SCC 2024, Held as Part of the Services Conference Federation, SCF 2024

作者： Zhang, Liang-Jie Chen, Huan He, Sheng Li, Changhu Chen, Junyang Zhang, Haodi Du, Wenfeng Center for AI Services Computing College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China SF Technology Co. Ltd. Shenzhen China Kingdee Research Kingdee International Software Group Co. Ltd. Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031769993

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly transformed various sectors of society, compelling enterprises to undertake comprehensive digital transformations to remain competitive in the AI era. This paper introduces COSIS, an AI-enabled digital trans-formation framework comprising five key dimensions: Culture, Operation, Strategy, Innovation, and Service. The COSIS framework provides a structured approach for enterprises to navigate the complexities of digital transformation by integrating AI and LLM technologies into their core functions. For each dimension, the paper identifies specific key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the effectiveness of AI-enabled transformations. These KPIs enable enterprises to quantitatively assess progress and outcomes, ensuring alignment with strategic objectives and facilitating continuous improvement. Additionally, the paper discusses the implications of AI and LLM technologies on enterprise management team building in the AI era. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Human resource management

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A Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm for Expensive Dynamic Multimodal Optimzation 13

A Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm for Expensive Dy...

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13th IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2024

作者： Wu, Xunfeng Liu, Songbai Ji, Junkai Ma, Lijia Leung, Victor C. M. Shenzhen University National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China The University of British Columbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vancouver Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308365

Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have demonstrated promising optimization performance in addressing expensive dynamic optimization problems or expensive multimodal optimization problems. However, none of existing SAEAs are designed specifically for tackling expensive dynamic multimodal optimization problems (EDMMOPs). Therefore, in this paper, a first SAEA for tackling EDMMOPs is proposed. First, a nearest density clustering is designed to divide the population into a number of subpopulations, enhancing the diversity of the population. Then, a surrogate-assisted evolutionary optimizer is developed to construct surrogate models for each subpopulation and evolve all solutions in subpopulations by means of the built surrogate models, accelerating the population's converge towards several optimal solutions rapidly. Finally, a transfer learning-based prediction is devised to generate initial samples for next environment by leveraging the stored training samples in the previous environments. To assess the performance of our proposed algorithm, a set of complex benchmark problems is adopted, and the experimental results confirm its superior performance over several competitive algorithms on most test cases. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Digital elevation model

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