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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Xu Li Jian-Yu Li Chun-Hua Chen Zhi-Hui Zhan Sam Kwong Jun Zhang School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou P. R. China College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai University Tianjin P. R. China School of Software Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China Department of Computing and Decision Science Lingnan University Hong Kong Hanyang University Ansan South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9781665410205

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410212

Ant colony system algorithm (ACS), as an important evolutionary computation (EC) algorithm, has demonstrated significant advantages in solving complex optimization problems. However, traditional EC algorithms and traditional ACS algorithm often face the challenge of slow computational speed when dealing with large-scale problems. In recent years, matrix-based EC approaches have been proposed to accelerate the computational speed, which has obtained promising results in dealing with large-scale problems. However, most existing matrix-based EC algorithms are designed for continuous optimization problems, while the matrix-based approach integrated with ACS has not attracted enough attention, which will be efficient for solving large-scale discrete optimization problems. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a matrix-based ACS (MACS) algorithm and apply it to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). MACS is an innovative improvement over the traditional ACS algorithm, utilizing matrix operations to parallelly let ants select city and update pheromone. Experimental results show that the MACS algorithm has significantly better efficiency in accelerating computational speed while maintaining the remarkable problem-solving ability in solving large-scale TSP.

关键词： Proteins Job shop scheduling Supply chain management Processor scheduling Urban areas Transportation Traveling salesman problems Problem-solving Resource management Optimization

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Text-to-Image Diffusion Models can be Easily Backdoored through Multimodal Data Poisoning

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhai, Shengfang Dong, Yinpeng Shen, Qingni Pu, Shi Fang, Yuejian Su, Hang School of Software and Microelectronics Peking University China Department of Computer Science & Technology Tsinghua University China ShengShu Beijing China School of Software and Microelectronics National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering PKU-OCTA Laboratory for Blockchain and Privacy Computing Peking University Beijing100871 China Dept. of Comp. Sci. and Tech. Institute for AI Tsinghua-Bosch Joint ML Center THBI Lab BNRist Center Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

With the help of conditioning mechanisms, the state-of-the-art diffusion models have achieved tremendous success in guided image generation, particularly in text-to-image synthesis. To gain a better understanding of the training process and potential risks of text-to-image synthesis, we perform a systematic investigation of backdoor attack on text-to-image diffusion models and propose BadT2I, a general multimodal backdoor attack framework that tampers with image synthesis in diverse semantic levels. Specifically, we perform backdoor attacks on three levels of the vision semantics: Pixel-Backdoor, Object-Backdoor and Style-Backdoor. By utilizing a regularization loss, our methods efficiently inject backdoors into a large-scale text-to-image diffusion model while preserving its utility with benign inputs. We conduct empirical experiments on Stable Diffusion, the widely-used text-to-image diffusion model, demonstrating that the large-scale diffusion model can be easily backdoored within a few fine-tuning steps. We conduct additional experiments to explore the impact of different types of textual triggers, as well as the backdoor persistence during further training, providing insights for the development of backdoor defense methods. Besides, our investigation may contribute to the copyright protection of text-to-image models in the future. Our Code: https://***/sf-zhai/BadT2I. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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software Security Analysis in 2030 and Beyond: A Research Roadmap

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ACM Transactions on software engineering and Methodology 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Böhme, Marcel Bodden, Eric Bultan, Tevfik Cadar, Cristian Liu, Yang Scanniello, Giuseppe Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy Bochum Germany Faculty of Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Mathematics Department of Computer Science Software Engineering Group Paderborn University Paderborn Germany University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA United States Department of Computing Imperial College London United Kingdom Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Department of Informatics University of Salerno Fisciano Italy

As our lives, our businesses, and indeed our world economy become increasingly reliant on the secure operation of many interconnected software systems, the software engineering research community is faced with unprecedented research challenges, but also with exciting new opportunities. In this roadmap article, we outline our vision of software security analysis for the systems of the future. Given the recent advances in generative AI, we need new methods to assess and maximize the security of code co-written by machines. As our systems become increasingly heterogeneous, we need practical approaches that work even if some functions are automatically generated, e.g., by deep neural networks. As software systems depend evermore on the software supply chain, we need tools that scale to an entire ecosystem. What kind of vulnerabilities exist in future systems and how do we detect them? When all the shallow bugs are found, how do we discover vulnerabilities hidden deeply in the system? Assuming we cannot find all security flaws, how can we nevertheless protect our system? To answer these questions, we start our roadmap with a survey of recent advances in software security, then discuss open challenges and opportunities, and conclude with a long-term perspective for the field. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： perspective article SE2030 vision statement

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Towards Evidence-Based Cybersecurity Assessment of Programmable Systems to Ensure the Protection of Critical IT Infrastructure

Towards Evidence-Based Cybersecurity Assessment of Programma...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced computing Systems: Technology and Applications

作者： Oleg Illiashenko Vyacheslav Kharchenko Oleg Odarushchenko Department of computer systems and networks National aerospace university “KhAI” Kharkiv Ukraine Software Engineering & Dependable Computing Laboratory Institute of Information Science and Technologies “Alessandro Faedo”—ISTI CNR Pisa Italy Research and Production Enterprise RPC Radics LLC Kropyvnytskyi Ukraine

The paper is devoted to developing scientific principles, methods, means, and information technology of model-oriented verification and evidence-based assessment using functional safety and cybersecurity cases for programmable systems of critical applications (PSCA). In particular, information and control systems important for the safety of nuclear power plants (NPPs), aerospace systems, railway domains, etc., developed using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and hardware platforms are reviewed. The goal is to ensure the guaranteed completeness and reliability of its functional safety and cybersecurity assessment by developing and implementing a set of formal and semi-formal methods and tools that consider defects of different nature – physical, design, trojans, and vulnerabilities that can be attacked and lead to a fatal system failure, which results in damaging the critical IT infrastructure. The methods shown are based on integrating algebraic, tabular, graph models, and case assessment methodology. The methods are implemented as appropriate technologies for evidence-based verification and evaluation of PSCA. For formal methods, a prototype of a translator of Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code is developed into an algebra of behaviors. It provides evidence-based verification and a framework and tools to design reports on assessing the cybersecurity and functional safety of programmable systems.

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Containerization in Multi-Cloud Environment: Roles, Strategies, Challenges, and Solutions for Effective Implementation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Waseem, Muhammad Ahmad, Aakash Liang, Peng Akbar, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Arif Ali Ahmad, Iftikhar Setälä, Manu Mikkonen, Tommi Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences Tampere University Tampere Finland School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University Leipzig Leipzig Germany School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan China Software Engineering Department Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology Lappeenranta Finland M3S Empirical Software Engineering Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland TietoEVRY Oy Tampere Finland Solita Oy Tampere Finland Faculty of Information Technology University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland

Containerization in a multi-cloud environment facilitates workload portability and optimized resource utilization. Containerization in multi-cloud environments has received significant attention in recent years both from academic research and industrial development perspectives. However, there exists no effort to systematically investigate the state of research on this topic. The aim of this research is to systematically identify and categorize the multiple aspects of containerization in multi-cloud environment. We conducted the Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) on the literature published between January 2013 and July 2024. One hundred twenty one studies were selected and the key results are: (1) Four leading themes on containerization in multi-cloud environment are identified: ‘Scalability and High Availability’, ‘Performance and Optimization’, ‘Security and Privacy’, and ‘Multi-Cloud Container Monitoring and Adaptation’. (2) Ninety-eight patterns and strategies for containerization in multi-cloud environment were classified across 10 subcategories and 4 categories. (3) Ten quality attributes considered were identified with 47 associated tactics. (4) Four catalogs consisting of challenges and solutions related to security, automation, deployment, and monitoring were introduced. The results of this SMS will assist researchers and practitioners in pursuing further studies on containerization in multi-cloud environment and developing specialized solutions for containerization applications in multi-cloud environment. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cloud platforms

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Encoding Temporal Change of Longitudinal EBV DNA for Dynamic Risk Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 7

Encoding Temporal Change of Longitudinal EBV DNA for Dynamic...

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7th International Conference on Biological Information and Biomedical engineering, BIBE 2024

作者： Yang, Fangfang Zhen, Zicheng Lin, Li Liu, Yuyu Gao, Rui Zhang, Taoyu Lu, Lijun Lv, Wenbing School of Information Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650504 China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Systems and Computing Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650504 China Department of Radiation Oncology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Guangzhou510060 China School of Software Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650504 China School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University 1023 Shatai Road Guangzhou510515 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783800762910

—To accurately predict the risk of recurrence and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients, an image-encoded risk prediction model was proposed. 752 patients (training vs. testing: 527 vs. 225) were retrospectively collected, and the plasma EBV DNA copies were tested 13 times during treatment. Based on 13 times plasma EBV DNA copies, three kinds of image encoding methods were employed to characterize the linear and nonlinear dynamic change of longitudinal EBV DNA, i.e. Gramian Angular Summation Field (GASF), Gramian Angular Difference Field (GADF), and Recurrence Plot (RP). The Cox proportional hazard regression model was constructed by incorporating both image and clinical features as covariates to determine the risk factors and prediction models for disease-free survival (DFS). On the test set, the proposed model combining image and clinical features achieved C-index and AUC of 0.777 and 0.776, respectively outperforming the model relying solely on clinical features (C-index = 0.667, AUC = 0.675). In conclusion, the dynamic risk prediction model with image encoding can monitor changes in plasma EBV DNA copies during treatment, aiding doctors in assessing whole-body tumor burden, accurately predicting the dynamic risk of recurrence and metastasis, and planning individualized treatments in NPC patients. © VDE VERLAG GMBH.

关键词： Gene encoding

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SWPFOPLD: A Profiling and Optimizing Loader for SW26010Pro Processors

SWPFOPLD: A Profiling and Optimizing Loader for SW26010Pro P...

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International Conference on Computers, Communications, and Systems (ICCCS)

作者： Hong Qian Wei Wu Qi Zhu Fei Wang Jinwei Zhao Yan Zheng School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China System Software Research Department Jiangnan Institute of Computing Technology Wuxi China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China National Research Center of Parallel Computer Engineering and Technology Beijing China

The Sunway family supercomputers have achieved a series of remarkable achievements. However, the toolchains provided by them are not perfect, which has brought great challenges to the development of high-performance application software. In this paper, a profiling and optimizing tool is proposed to assist people to analyze and optimize the performance of their programs. SWPFOPLD is independent of the application program and gathers the runtime performance data through the PMUs, an automatically hot functions rearrange optimization based on the performance data is furtherly accomplished. The evaluation shows that SWPFOPLD can be easily and effectively used to analyze and optimize the performance of the application programs.

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Advancing prenatal healthcare by explainable AI enhanced fetal ultrasound image segmentation using U-Net++ with attention mechanisms

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-18页

作者： Singh, Retinderdeep Gupta, Sheifali Mohamed, Heba G. Bharany, Salil Rehman, Ateeq Ur Ghadi, Yazeed Yasin Hussen, Seada Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura India Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia School of Computing Gachon University Seongnam-si 13120 South Korea Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Power Adama Science and Technology University Adama 1888 Ethiopia

Prenatal healthcare development requires accurate automated techniques for fetal ultrasound image segmentation. This approach allows standardized evaluation of fetal development by minimizing time-exhaustive processes that perform poorly due to human intervention. This research develops a segmentation framework through U-Net++ with ResNet backbone features which incorporates attention components for enhancing extraction of features in low contrast, noisy ultrasound data. The model leverages the nested skip connections of U-Net++ and the residual learning of ResNet-34 to achieve state-of-the-art segmentation accuracy. Evaluations of the developed model against the vast fetal ultrasound image collection yielded superior results by reaching 97.52% Dice coefficient as well as 95.15% Intersection over Union (IoU), and 3.91 mm Hausdorff distance. The pipeline integrated Grad-CAM++ allows explanations of the model decisions for clinical utility and trust enhancement. The explainability component enables medical professionals to study how the model functions, which creates clear and proven segmentation outputs for better overall reliability. The framework fills in the gap between AI automation and clinical interpretability by showing important areas which affect predictions. The research shows that deep learning combined with Explainable AI (XAI) operates to generate medical imaging solutions that achieve high accuracy. The proposed system demonstrates readiness for clinical workflows due to its ability to deliver a sophisticated prenatal diagnostic instrument that enhances healthcare results. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Attention block Deep learning Fetal head Fetal head segmentation ResNet-34 UNet++

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Two-Stream Regression Network for Dental Implant Position Prediction

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Yang, Xinquan Li, Xuguang Li, Xuechen Chen, Wenting Shen, Linlin Li, Xin Deng, Yongqiang College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China AI Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Diagnosis Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Department of Stomatology Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen China Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

In implant prosthesis treatment, the design of surgical guide requires lots of manual labors and is prone to subjective variations. When deep learning based methods has started to be applied to address this problem, the space between teeth are various and some of them might present similar texture characteristic with the actual implant region. Both problems make a big challenge for the implant position prediction. In this paper, we develop a two-stream implant position regression framework (TSIPR), which consists of an implant region detector (IRD) and a multi-scale patch embedding regression network (MSPENet), to address this issue. For the training of IRD, we extend the original annotation to provide additional supervisory information, which contains much more rich characteristic and do not introduce extra labeling costs. A multi-scale patch embedding module is designed for the MSPENet to adaptively extract features from the images with various tooth spacing. The global-local feature interaction block is designed to build the encoder of MSPENet, which combines the transformer and convolution for enriched feature representation. During inference, the RoI mask extracted from the IRD is used to refine the prediction results of the MSPENet. Extensive experiments on a dental implant dataset through five-fold cross-validation demonstrated that the proposed TSIPR achieves superior performance than existing methods. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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DNN Partitioning and Assignment for Distributed Inference in SGX Empowered Edge Cloud

DNN Partitioning and Assignment for Distributed Inference in...

引用

International Conference on Distributed computing Systems

作者： Yuepeng Li Deze Zeng Lin Gut Song Guo Albert Y. Zomaya School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Engineering Research Center of Natural Resource Information Management and Digital Twin Engineering Software Ministry of Education Wuhan China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong School of Computer Science The University of Sydney Australia

ISBN: (数字)9798350386059

ISBN: (纸本)9798350386066

Distributed Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference is a promising technology to explore the distributed resources in edge cloud to realize edge intelligence. Meanwhile the inherent resource sharing nature of edge cloud infrastructure also raises serious concerns on security and privacy. software Guard Ex-tensions (SGX) emerges as a potential hardware-level solution but its limited secure memory (i.e., enclave page cache) imposes new challenges, especially in contrast to memory-hungry DNN models. A task's performance will be severely affected when its memory footprint is beyond the enclave page cache size, due to expensive secure page swapping. In this case, how to appropriately partition a DNN model and assign the partitions to distributed edge servers to efficiently utilize edge resources for fast secure inference becomes a challenging problem. In this paper, we first show that this problem is NP-hard. We further propose a MEmory -aware Distributed Inference Acceleration (MEDIA) algorithm, whose guaranteed approximation ratio is also formally analyzed. We have implemented a prototype system and applied some well-known representative DNN models to evaluate MEDIA's performance. Through extensive experiments, we verify the efficiency of MEDIA by the fact that it reduces the inference time by 19.5%-38.1 % in comparison with state-of-the-art approaches.

关键词： Computational modeling Prototypes Artificial neural networks Media Approximation algorithms Inference algorithms software

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