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6th International Conference on Information Technology Research, ICITR 2021

作者： Buddhika, A.S. Wijesekera, P.K. Kavindu, D. G. Hasintha Dinusha, Dilshan S Arachchillage, Udara Srimath S. Samaratunge Kuruppu, Thilmi Anuththara Faculty of Computing Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Malabe Sri Lanka

ISBN: (纸本)9781665420006

Differently-abled people are significant minority groups, have many limitations to live everyday life, are starved of services, and are mostly ignored by society due to many types of disabilities. This problem may lead to massive frustrations and disappointments among themselves. Assistive technology may easily fill this gap with the enhanced different aiding applications. It helped in various ways, such as helping them to interact, communicate with people and allow people to do basic daily tasks by themselves. Nevertheless, there were fewer applications developed to entertain their leisure time. Therefore, the proposed solution provides a Smart Photo Editor, a hand-free mobile application with attractive photo editing features. This application focused on people having hand motor disabilities. Users can interact with the application using simple head gestures, eye gaze, and eye blinks. Head gestures and eye blinks are used as commands for application operations, while eye gaze is used for cursor enabling, which is helpful for navigation on application screens. Machine Learning (ML) and image processing techniques are used for real-time gesture recognition and eye gaze detection, using the input video frames captured by the inbuilt front-facing camera of the mobile phone. Moreover, in addition to the image processing techniques, Mask Recurrent-Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) is used to develop enhanced image adjusting features and customization of backgrounds based on object detection. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Automatic Detection and Characterization of Human Veins Using Infra-Red Image Processing

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第9期12卷 141-159页

作者： Jean Ndoumbe Brice Ekobo Akoa Gaelle Patricia Talotsing Frederic Franck Kounga Samuel Kaissassou Bertin Chouanmo Njo Laboratory of Computer Engineering Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer & Telecommunications Engineering National Higher Polytechnic School Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Electrical Engineering Mechatronics and Signal Processing Department of Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaound Cameroon Mobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada DigiPlus SARL Bonamoussadi Douala Cameroon

The detection and characterization of human veins using infrared (IR) image processing have gained significant attention due to its potential applications in biometric identification, medical diagnostics, and vein-based authentication systems. This paper presents a low-cost approach for automatic detection and characterization of human veins from IR images. The proposed method uses image processing techniques including segmentation, feature extraction, and, pattern recognition algorithms. Initially, the IR images are preprocessed to enhance vein structures and reduce noise. Subsequently, a CLAHE algorithm is employed to extract vein regions based on their unique IR absorption properties. Features such as vein thickness, orientation, and branching patterns are extracted using mathematical morphology and directional filters. Finally, a classification framework is implemented to categorize veins and distinguish them from surrounding tissues or artifacts. A setup based on Raspberry Pi was used. Experimental results of IR images demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach in accurately detecting and characterizing human. The developed system shows promising for integration into applications requiring reliable and secure identification based on vein patterns. Our work provides an effective and low-cost solution for nursing staff in low and middle-income countries to perform a safe and accurate venipuncture.

关键词： Vein Detection Blood Radiation Infrared Image CLAHE Algorithm Raspberry Pi

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Learning Order Forest for Qualitative-Attribute Data Clustering 27

Learning Order Forest for Qualitative-Attribute Data Cluster...

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27th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2024

作者： Zhao, Mingjie Feng, Sen Zhang, Yiqun Li, Mengke Lu, Yang Cheung, Yiu-Ming School of Computer Science and Technology Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China Shenzhen China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart City School of Informatics Xiamen University China Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing Ministry of Education of China Xiamen University China Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685489

Clustering is a fundamental approach to understanding data patterns, wherein the intuitive Euclidean distance space is commonly adopted. However, this is not the case for implicit cluster distributions reflected by qualitative attribute values, e.g., the nominal values of attributes like symptoms, marital status, etc. This paper, therefore, discovered a tree-like distance structure to flexibly represent the local order relationship among intra-attribute qualitative values. That is, treating a value as the vertex of the tree allows to capture rich order relationships among the vertex value and the others. To obtain the trees in a clustering-friendly form, a joint learning mechanism is proposed to iteratively obtain more appropriate tree structures and clusters. It turns out that the latent distance space of the whole dataset can be well-represented by a forest consisting of the learned trees. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the joint learning adapts the forest to the clustering task to yield accurate results. Comparisons of 10 counterparts on 12 real benchmark datasets with significance tests verify the superiority of the proposed method. Source code of the proposed method is available at [39]. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Energy-Efficient Client Sampling for Federated Learning in Heterogeneous Mobile Edge computing Networks

Energy-Efficient Client Sampling for Federated Learning in H...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Jian Tang Xiuhua Li Hui Li Min Xiong Xiaofei Wang Victor C. M. Leung School of Big Data & Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China TKLAN College of Intelligence & Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China College of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728190549

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190556

To address network congestion and data privacy concerns, federated learning (FL) that combines multiple clients and a parameter server has been widely used in mobile edge computing (MEC) networks to process the abundant data generated by mobile clients. However, the existing client sampling methods do not adequately consider the data heterogeneity and system heterogeneity. Parameter server selects inappropriate clients to participate in the FL training process. This inevitably leads to slower convergence of the global model and higher energy consumption. In this paper, we design a client sampling model with the goal of selecting suitable clients to improve the energy efficiency of FL in heterogeneous MEC networks. Then we propose an energy-efficient client sampling strategy by quantifying the communication capability, computation capability and data quality of clients. Based on the quantization results, clients are assigned with a corresponding sampled probability. Simulation results show that our proposed strategy can effectively accelerate the convergence of the global model and reduce the energy consumption compared with the baseline schemes.

关键词： Training Energy consumption Multi-access edge computing Federated learning Computational modeling Simulation Sampling methods

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Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Multiple-Choice Questions and Answers Generation 6

Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Multiple-Choice Questions...

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6th International Conference on Futuristic Trends in Networks and computing Technologies, FTNCT 2024

作者： Pradeesh, N. Remya, T. Thushara, M.G. Krishna, K. Arun Pranav, V. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri India Omnex Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd Thoraipakkam Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Applications Amrita School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amritapuri India

Generating a large volume of diverse questions for educational purposes can be a challenging and time-consuming task for educators. Traditional methods like manually writing questions or using templates often fall short when it comes to variety and relevance. In order to cope with these difficulties, we have examined a different approach adopting Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). RAG is an enhancement technique that allows retrieving independent documents and combines it with artificial intelligence that is able to qualitatively generate contextually adequate questions. In this research, RAG was employed through the Ample LMS platform in which PDF documents were the source of generating MCQ questions. The results of the research indicate that with this method, the process of formulating the questions is relatively faster and the questions generated are of better and diverse in nature. With RAG, the burden of constructing questions is lessened for teachers and the students are provided with better interactive learning opportunities. This approach presents a better alternative that is flexible and suitable for various educational requirements, demonstrating the effectiveness of AI in the improvement of the learning and teaching processes. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Teaching

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A Neural Collaborative Filtering Model for Adverse Drug Reaction Prediction 2

A Neural Collaborative Filtering Model for Adverse Drug Reac...

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2nd International Conference on Data Analytics, computing and Artificial Intelligence, ICDACAI 2023

作者： Xiong, Zetong Du, Zihao Rong, Xi Yang, Yuting Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhongnan University of Economic and Law School of Information and Safety Engineering Wuhan430073 China McMaster University Department of Computing and Software HamiltonL8S 4L8 Canada Tufts University School of Engineering MedfordMA02155 United States The Ohio State University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Columbus43212 United States University of California Department of Mathematics San Diego921222 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350339765

As adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can cause serious consequences to medication treatment, identifying and predicting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) play a crucial role in drug effects and drug use safety. In this paper, we reviewed existing machine learning methods in ADR prediction and proposed a neural collaborative filtering model (NCF) for the prediction of monopharmacy ADRs. NCF is based on dimension reduction by matrix factorization (MF) and combined with an MLP model to enhance prediction performance by handling complex non-linear relationships using MLN. Our NCF model optimizes the MF model by replacing dot product in the MF model with MLP, integrating drug and ADR embeddings from monopharmacy ADR benchmark data and drug-related chemical, physical and biological descriptors in a two-layer deep neural network. The model was tested by using 10-fold cross-validation. On 10-fold cross-validation, the resulting AUC, AUPR, and running time indicated a better performance and higher efficiency on drug-ADR prediction achieved by applying our NCF model. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Collaborative filtering

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Practical and Efficient Model Extraction of Sentiment Analysis APIs

Practical and Efficient Model Extraction of Sentiment Analys...

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International Conference on software engineering (ICSE)

作者： Weibin Wu Jianping Zhang Victor Junqiu Wei Xixian Chen Zibin Zheng Irwin King Michael R. Lyu School of Software Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Tencent

Despite their stunning performance, developing deep learning models from scratch is a formidable task. Therefore, it popularizes Machine-Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS), where general users can access the trained models of MLaaS providers via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) on a pay-per-query basis. Unfortunately, the success of MLaaS is under threat from model extraction attacks, where attackers intend to extract a local model of equivalent functionality to the target MLaaS model. However, existing studies on model extraction of text analytics APIs frequently assume adversaries have strong knowledge about the victim model, like its architecture and parameters, which hardly holds in practice. Besides, since the attacker's and the victim's training data can be considerably discrepant, it is non-trivial to perform efficient model extraction. In this paper, to advance the understanding of such attacks, we propose a framework, PEEP, for practical and efficient model extraction of sentiment analysis APIs with only query access. Specifically, PEEP features a learning-based scheme, which employs out-of-domain public corpora and a novel query strategy to construct proxy training data for model extraction. Besides, PEEP introduces a greedy search algorithm to settle an appropriate architecture for the extracted model. We conducted extensive experiments with two victim models across three datasets and two real-life commercial sentiment analysis APIs. Experimental results corroborate that PEEP can consistently outperform the state-of-the-art baselines in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

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Comparison on Blockchain-based Intrusion Detection Systems for Internet of Things

Comparison on Blockchain-based Intrusion Detection Systems f...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Knowledge engineering and Communication Systems, ICKES 2022

作者： Mago Vistro, Daniel Kamran Abid, Muhammad Ahmad, Mughees Ali, Mubashir Hassan, Jawad Younas, Akhlaq School of Computing Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation Kuala lumpur Malaysia Nfc Institute of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science Multan Pakistan Department of Computer Science Zhob Pakistan Lahore Garrison University Department of Software Engineering Lahore Pakistan Air University Multan Campus Department of Computer Science and Engineering Multan Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665456371

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a cutting-edge concept that unites the Internet with actual physical objects from a variety of industries, such as home automation, manufacturing, human health, and environmental monitoring. Users are now able to use gadgets with Internet access for routine tasks. Along with many advantages, IoT also presents a number of security-related difficulties. The security of the IoT network has grown in importance as the popularity of the Internet of Things increases daily. An IoT network is more secure thanks to encryption and authentication, yet it can be challenging to defend IoT devices from online threats. Cyberattacks on the Internet of Things system not only result in data loss, but they also have the potential to bring the entire system to a standstill. The performance of the network can be negatively impacted by hostile activities, which are easily detected by intrusion detection systems (IDS). To safeguard IoT systems, an efficient intrusion detection system (IDS) is required. Another cutting-edge technology that helps security systems counter the most recent threats is blockchain. In this post, we analysed state-of-the-art blockchain-based intrusion detection methods for Internet of Things devices. New advancements to alleviate security threats are also listed in a table. Finally, we list the major questions brought on by the current restrictions. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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ETHACA - A Container-Based Cyber Range for Research and Education 29

ETHACA - A Container-Based Cyber Range for Research and Educ...

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29th IEEE International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks, CAMAD 2024

作者： Chouliaras, Nestoras Kantzavelou, Ioanna Pantziou, Grammati Maglaras, Leandros Chouliara-Sidera, Panagiota Adamakos, Antonis Chalatsakos, Panagiotis University of West Attica Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering Athens Greece School of Computing Edinburgh Napier University EdinburghEH10 5DT United Kingdom University of Thessaly Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Infromatics Lamia Greece Senior Software Engineer at *** Athens Greece Open University of Cyprus Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377644

The advent of Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has revolutionized manufacturing and production systems, enhancing efficiency and communication through the integration of advanced technologies such as IoT devices and AI. However, this increased digitization has also led to heightened cybersecurity risks, with a notable rise in the frequency and complexity of cyber-attacks. Cyber Ranges emerges as a critical solution in addressing these challenges, offering a controlled environment for simulating cyber-attack scenarios, training cybersecurity teams, and developing robust defense strategies. The escalating demand for cybersecurity professionals has highlighted the crucial need for effective training solutions. This article presents an open-source Cyber Range constructed on container-based architecture, meticulously engineered for efficient operation with minimal resource consumption. In response to the scarcity of cybersecurity experts, this platform prioritizes extensive scalability and robust isolation between exercises, ensuring secure learning environments, and also integrates a complex developed exercise series aimed at strengthening cybersecurity learning experiences. These exercises encompass a variety of scenarios and challenges, catering to professionals at different skill levels. Each exercise replicates real-world cyber threats, offering practical, hands-on learning opportunities. Additionally, a comprehensive questionnaire accompanies these exercises, designed to gather feedback on participants' experiences. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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BeSafe: Air Quality Monitoring and Control with IoT

BeSafe: Air Quality Monitoring and Control with IoT

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2023 International Conference on Evolutionary Algorithms and Soft computing Techniques, EASCT 2023

作者： Arun, K.C. Azam, Sadia Siddique, Ayesha Ali, Mubashir Hussain, Aamir Asia Pacific University School of Computing Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Universita di Verona Dipartimento di Informatica San Francesco Italy University of Agriculture Department of Computer Science Faisalabad Pakistan Lahore Garrison University Department of Software Engineering Lahore Pakistan Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Department of Computer Science Multan Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313413

Air pollution is a common matter nowadays. It's defined as contamination of physical, biological, or chemical alteration in the air which results in harmful effects on living objects and makes it difficult for them to survive. The prominent cause of air pollution is the discharge of injurious gases from industrial waste and the use of fossil fuels. The effects of air pollution are very severe climate change, soil erosion, different diseases, and many more thus it's very important to take proper note of air superiority as long-term effects of air pollution can result in heart diseases, lung cancer, etc. We have devised a system to measure the contamination level of air through sensors base hardware which sends the data directly to the associated server making it easier to read even on mobile 'through a software application. The sensors would be plotted in different routes and locations i.e., industrial region, traffic zone, etc.' to investigate the pollution stages of the air making it easier for the user to take a safer route. One of the important usages of the system is to give information about the low contaminated areas near roads and industrial areas so that they can be safeguarded through certain measures. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Air Quality Environmental Pollution Internet of Things Quality Monitoring Sensors

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