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Institutional Pressures Shaping Data Use in Health Management at the District Level in Malawi

Institutional Pressures Shaping Data Use in Health Managemen...

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IFIP WG 8.2 and WG 9.4 Joint Working Conference on After Latour: Globalisation, Inequity and Climate Change, IFIPJWC 2023

作者： Kaunda, Auxilia Nyaukaya Manda, Tiwonge Davis Kaasbøll, Jens Asah, Flora School of Natural and Applied Sciences Computing Department University of Malawi Zomba Malawi Department of Informatics University of Oslo Oslo Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9783031501531

This paper explores how institutional theory illuminates the factors influencing the use of Health Management Information System (HMIS) data in healthcare service delivery at the district level in Malawi. It specifically probes the coercive and normative dimensions of the healthcare system’s institutional framework and their impact on data utilization. The research adopts a qualitative methodology, comprising semi-structured interviews, participant observations, artefact reviews, and field visits to four District Health Offices in Malawi. The results demonstrate that healthcare staff’s behavior towards data use is moulded by directives from the government and health partner organizations. While the Ministry of Health has endeavoured to introduce standardized data reporting formats, certain health partner organizations maintain non-congruent reporting structures for HMIS data. This duality compels healthcare staff to comply with both reporting formats, resulting in parallel reporting that impedes effective data utilization at the district level. This research offers valuable insights into the Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) domain by presenting empirically based viewpoints on the institutional pressures affecting data utilization in resource-limited settings. The findings hold particular relevance for Malawi’s HMIS, which grapples with the continuous task of enhancing the volume and calibre of data to bolster healthcare service delivery. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2023.

关键词： Information management

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Intelligent Predictive Beamforming for Integrated Sensing and Communication Based Vehicular-to-Infrastructure Systems

Intelligent Predictive Beamforming for Integrated Sensing an...

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2023 IEEE Globecom Workshops, GC Wkshps 2023

作者： Wang, Yujie Liang, Wei Li, Lixin Zhang, Jiankang Angelopoulos, Constantinos Marios School of Electronic and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University China Bournemouth University Department of Computing and Informatics United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370218

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has become a promising paradigm for next-generation wireless communications, which are capable of jointly performing sensing and communication operations. In ISAC systems, sensing accuracy and transmission rate are two major metrics to be targeted. In this paper, we propose a predictive beamforming approach based on the multi-dimensional feature extraction network (MDFEN) for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) systems. In particular, in order to achieve high precision and low latency beamforming, the roadside unit (RSU) will perform angle parameter estimation and prediction based on the ISAC signal echoes. Furthermore, our predictive beamforming approach based on the multi-dimensional feature extraction network (MDFEN) is capable of improving the efficient beam alignment by exploiting the joint spatio-temporal characteristics of the received signals at the RSU side. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a higher accuracy in angle tracking compared to convolutional neural network and long short-term memory models. At the same time, the system is capable of obtaining a higher transmission rate. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： beam alignment Integrated sensing and communication vehicle-to-infrastructure

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Online Prediction to Facilitate a Flipped and Adaptive Classroom 53

Online Prediction to Facilitate a Flipped and Adaptive Class...

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53rd IEEE ASEE Frontiers in Education International Conference, FIE 2023

作者： Cheng, Qiong College of Computing and Informatics University of North Carolina at Charlotte Department of Computer Science CharlotteNC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350336429

In a flipped and adaptive learning environment, adaptability in time is the key to handling constant change and student individuality for their success. To maximize the learning experience, an urgently demanding task is to identify lower-performance students on the fly for targeted timely interventions. Existing state-of-the-art works focus on a regular course setting, where timelines in adaptability is not necessarily a high priority. These works apply batch-based (offline) learning algorithms or ensemble methods, which need the entire training data collected before prediction. These methods, without the whole learning process into consideration, may affect the accuracy of prediction results. In response to the urgent need, we propose to apply an online predictive learning method to handle incoming student data throughout the time steps of a course semester and predict low-performing students for each time step, with a goal to minimize the overall classification error. We built up our experimental design on the multiple learning theories, designed and executed four surveys, and conducted predictive analysis on student data. In the process of feature engineering, we conducted a series of correlation and cause-effect regression analyses and further quantified the determinant factors of predicting student performance. We further developed a framework for identifying low-performing students on the fly and comparing and analyzing deep online learning and diverse traditional batch-based (offline) predictive modeling methods. Our comparative analysis indicates that the online predictive learning approach is encouraging. It outperforms all batch-based (offline) methods overall;prediction results on low-performing students at a time step help identify their problem patterns situated in the context of the whole course progress to design and conduct timely interventions. The innovative study set up a stage for us to deeply understand the learning process, identify main determ

关键词： active learning adaptive learning Machine learning online deep learning

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Security Analysis of Blockchain Layer-One Sharding Based Extended-UTxO Model 1st

Security Analysis of Blockchain Layer-One Sharding Based Ex...

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1st International Congress on Communications, Networking, and Information Systems, CNIS 2023, Revised Selected Papers

作者： Fletcher-Smith, Cayo Sallal, Muntadher Department of Computing and Informatics Bournemouth University DorsetBH12 5BB United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9789819935802

Blockchain technology facilitates the transfer of digital assets, accomplished through the distributed storage of a transaction ledger, allowing peer-to-peer participant nodes to agree on valid transactions based on their local records without the reliance on centralised infrastructure or trusted participants. Distributed ledgers are increasing in public adoption, which can be attributed to the permissionless infrastructure and a rise in decentralised finance (DeFi) protocols. In this growth, shortcomings in throughput and latency have been highlighted, especially when compared to traditional payment channels. The extended-UTXO (eUTXO) model offers the untapped potential to support a functionally scalable infrastructure by adopting qualities of both the account model, and directed acyclic graph-structured UTXO model. We identified the unique benefits of eUTXO as: the ability to bundle the transaction processing of non-conflicting input states, achieving parallelism at the validator nodes;and the ability to implement complex off-chain scaling solutions through smart contracts. This research examines the security impact of sharding when applied alongside an eUTXO ledger. To illustrate this we introduce S-EUTO, a novel proof-of-concept state-sharding protocol. It leverages distributed randomness to ensure unbiased node-to-shard distribution and introduces an input/output cross-shard transaction architecture to maintain global state synchronisation. Our model demonstrated the potential of sharding alongside eUTXO without compromising security. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Blockchain

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Sentiment Analysis-Based Chatbot System to Enhance Customer Satisfaction in Technical Support Complaints Service for Telecommunications Companies 21

Sentiment Analysis-Based Chatbot System to Enhance Customer ...

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21st International Conference on Smart Business Technologies, ICSBT 2024

作者： Juipa, Anghelo Guzman, Luis Diaz, Edgar Peruvian University of Applied Sciences Antonio Miro Quesada Lima Peru Department of Computing and Informatics Peruvian University of Applied Sciences Lima Peru

ISBN: (纸本)9789897587108

In the competitive world of telecommunications, a good customer technical support complaint service can make a difference. However, this business process still presents deficiencies in its quality. In the capital of Peru, there were 102, 665 internet complaints and 38, 621 cable television complaints. 9.27% and 9.97% of these, respectively, weren't resolved. In this sense, this research proposes the implementation of a chatbot, which incorporates GPT 3.5 as a sentiment analysis component, to reduce user dissatisfaction in this service process. To validate the proposal, experiments were conducted with 50 internet and cable television service owners to evaluate satisfaction and accuracy in recognizing their emotions. The results indicated that 86% of the respondents were satisfied with the chatbot service, and the satisfaction index reached 77.9, surpassing the minimum threshold of 75 points for providing quality customer service established by the industry. The methodology behind these results is detailed in the following research. Copyright © 2024 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Sales

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Exploring barriers to effective organisational change using combined approach: Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and ETHICS (a socio-technical design approach) 10

Exploring barriers to effective organisational change using ...

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10th International Conference on Socio-Technical Perspectives in Information Systems, STPIS 2024

作者： Ojukwu, Ijeoma Bednar, Peter School of Applied Management University of Westminster United Kingdom Department of Informatics Lund University Sweden School of Computing University of Portsmouth United Kingdom

This paper aims to show how systems thinking can be used to investigate barriers to organisational change management. The case study described in this paper would be useful to managers who want to implement change in their own organisations. Soft Systems Methodology and ETHICS were used due to their flexible, responsive, and emergent nature. Also, soft systems methodology (SSM) and ETHICS (Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer-supported Systems) were used as a sense-making process while carrying out the investigation. Findings - SSM and ETHICS can help in addressing ill-structured problems faced by managers, in collaboration with stakeholders using questioning and reflection. The approaches lead to an increased understanding of the problem situation exploring barriers to organizational change. The difference is that SSM uses a more structured approach while ETHICS is emergent in its application. SSM practitioners advocate that researchers would benefit by declaring in advance an intellectual framework to guide their research. These methodologies are appropriate for studying and investigating human activities as they create ways through which the complexity of human interaction and dealings can be examined, described, and made sense of. The adopted methodologies are interpretative, with an emphasis on the participants. The lack of employee ownership and involvement in change management procedures has long been a concern and it has been disregarded or only partially addressed by organisations. Actors need to take ownership and control over their own change process. This paper would be useful to managers interested in a rigorous methodology to implement organisational change. It demonstrates ways of combining SSM and ETHICS, resulting in a powerful research tool to carry out rigorous research. © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Systems thinking

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Efficient Solution for Exam Timetabling Problem: A Case Study of the University of Sharjah 17

Efficient Solution for Exam Timetabling Problem: A Case Stud...

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17th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering, DeSE 2024

作者： Lulu, Israa Alowais, Hind Turky, Ayad Harous, Saad Hussain, Abir College of Computing and Informatics University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Electrical Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368697

Efficient exam timetabling is a crucial aspect of academic management, particularly in a university with many programs and many students, such as the University of Sharjah. This paper addresses the challenges of exam scheduling at the University of Sharjah by proposing two metaheuristic algorithms: the simulated annealing algorithm and the genetic algorithm. Both algorithms were evaluated based on conflict resolution, location diversity, and runtime. The experimental results indicate that both algorithms performed well overall, showcasing the potential of advanced optimization techniques in enhancing academic operations and student experiences. Both algorithms optimize course assignments within capacity and scheduling constraints, ensuring fair and efficient exam scheduling. While the simulated annealing algorithm showed potential in diversifying course-location assignments, the genetic algorithm outperformed the simulated annealing algorithm in terms of runtime efficiency, contributing to efficient exam scheduling processes. Future research could explore hybrid approaches for further enhancements. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Scheduling algorithms

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Digital Travel Directions

Digital Travel Directions

引用

International Conference on Management, Tourism and Technologies, ICMTT 2024

作者： Waterworth, John Tjostheim, Ingvar Department of Informatics Umeå University Umeå901 87 Sweden Hauge School of Management Oslo Norway Norwegian Computing Center Oslo Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9783031748240

In this article we look at two of the principle ways in which digital technology may plausibly change the nature of, and to some extent replace, physical travel. The most obvious is to simulate another place as a virtual reality, one that can convey a convincing sense of being there. This can be seen as making the digital world more physical, as far as the user’s experience is concerned, and is a strong form of digital travel. Video gaming and some work with therapeutic applications for relaxation, regeneration and exercise point to the potential of this kind of digital travel to have a wider and more engaging role in the future. In contrast, widely used and accepted systems for on-line meetings, and various phone apps providing location-sensitive information to their users, and also augmented reality approaches (none of which convey a strong sense of being in another location), suggest another approach - that of making the physical world more digital. We characterise this as a weaker form of digital travel. To examine people’s attitudes to these two approaches, we created two fictional scenarios, each exemplifying key characteristics of these forms of digital travel. We report opinion ratings about the two scenarios, focusing on participants opinions of their realism, their likelihood to become common practice, and their suitability for different purposes. Finally, we speculate about the possible future for designed digital travel experiences. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

关键词： Virtual environments

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Hybrid Approaches to Emotion Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey of Audio-Textual Methods and Their Application 4

Hybrid Approaches to Emotion Recognition: A Comprehensive Su...

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4th International Conference on Advanced Research in computing, ICARC 2024

作者： Wewelwala, Sahan Hewage Sumanathilaka, T.G.D.K. School of Computing Informatics Institute of Technology 06 Colombo Sri Lanka Swansea University Department of Computer Science Wales Swansea United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384864

This survey study provides a comprehensive analysis of emotion recognition, documenting its progression from conventional techniques to innovative hybrid algorithms that effectively combine textual and audio information. This work distinguishes itself with its thorough examination of the innovative combination of deep learning-based textual sentiment analysis and sophisticated aural signal processing approaches. This unique combination greatly improves the precision of emotion recognition from intricate sources like social media and consumer feedback. The study addresses the difficulties of processing real-time data and reducing bias in varied datasets. It provides new perspectives on the powers and limitations of neural networks and machine learning in this specific scenario. Our research represents a notable advancement in the utilization of these technologies for human-computer interaction, facilitating the creation of digital interfaces that are more empathic and attuned to human emotions. The final statements underscore the pressing requirement for sophisticated multimodal methodologies and the incorporation of developing technology, underscoring our distinctive contribution to the progress of emotion identification systems. This report offers a thorough analysis of the present condition of the subject and outlines a direction for future advancements, highlighting the crucial significance of emotion identification in improving human-computer interaction. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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Comparative Analysis of Filtering Techniques in Eye Landmark Tracking: Kalman, Savitzky-Golay, and Gaussian 4

Comparative Analysis of Filtering Techniques in Eye Landmark...

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4th International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering, ICECCE 2023

作者： Nugroho, Muhammad Arief Abdurohman, Maman Erfianto, Bayu Sulistiyo, Mahmud Dwi Kasim, Anita Ahmad School of Computing Telkom University Bandung Indonesia Department of Informatics Faculty of Engineering Tadulako University Palu Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369694

This study benchmarks Kalman, Savitzky-Golay, and Gaussian filters to improve eye landmark detection crucial for online proctoring systems. Using eye-tracking video data, we evaluated filters on Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), computation time, and jitter reduction. The Kalman filter emerged superior with an MSE of 0.49, MAE of 0.48, RMSE of 0.70, and MAPE of 15.56%, alongside a 2.39% reduction in standard deviation, 4.73% in variance, and the quickest computation time of 0.02 milliseconds. The Gaussian filter reported an MSE of 0.49, MAE of 0.45, RMSE of 0.70, and MAPE of 14.48%, with modest jitter reductions of 0.96% in standard deviation and 1.90% in variance. In contrast, the Savitzky-Golay filter, with an MSE and MAE of 0.70, increased jitter, shown by a -1.50% change in standard deviation and -3.03% in variance, and took the longest computation time at 1.44 milliseconds. The results solidify the Kalman filter’s suitability for real-time, precision-demanding eye-tracking, while the Gaussian filter serves well for scenarios with relaxed accuracy needs. The Savitzky-Golay filter’s applicability seems limited due to its propensity to amplify noise under the conditions tested. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Kalman filters

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