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Photodegradation of Profenofos in Aqueous Solution by Vacuum Ultraviolet

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ratpukdi, Thunyalux Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi, Sumana Thongprowh, Prapaipim Soontharo, Somphong Jenjaiwit, Supitchaya Prasertwongchai, Anuchit Anotai, Jin Nongsung, Pawonkorn Khan, Eakalak Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen40002 Thailand Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok10140 Thailand Bangkok10330 Thailand International Postgraduate Program in Environmental Management Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las VegasNV89154 United States

Profenofos is a widely used organophophorous pesticide for several crops and is detected in drinking water sources. This study investigated the degradation of profenofos using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) compared with ultraviolet (UV). The factors affecting the degradation performance including pH, profenofos concentration, bicarbonate, nitrate, nitrite, natural organic matter (NOM), and aeration were examined. Profenofos removal efficiencies were 84% and 52% by VUV and UV after 7 min of irradiation, respectively (Initial profenofos concentration of 2 mg/L). Degradation of profenofos by VUV were 3 times faster than UV. The degradation rates decreased with increasing initial profenofos concentration. Direct photolysis at 185 nm and OH • played major roles for profenofos removal by VUV. Aeration enhanced the profenofos degradation and mineralization by VUV but not UV. Bicarbonate inhibited the profenofos degradation while nitrate (≤50 mg-NO 3 - /L) acted as a photosensitizer enhancing profenofos degradation. NOM from groundwater and surface water sources also inhibited the profenofos removal by VUV as high as 39% compared to deionized water. However, NOM promoted the profenofos removal by UV because degradation by OH • formed via NOM photolysis became the main degradation mechanism. The result of profenofos degradation under isolated NOM fractions elucidated that hydrophobic fractions had less inhibition compared to hydrophilic fractions. Identified products suggested the pathway of profenofos photodegradation were the breaking of the O-P bond and reduction of Br. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Irradiation

Evaluation of Marginal and Average Sectorial Ghgs Emissions Abatement Costs Using an Open-Source Energy System Optimization Model: The Italian Case Study

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Nicoli, Matteo Colucci, Gianvito Faria, Victor Augusto Duraes Lerede, Daniele de Queiroz, Anderson Rodrigo Savoldi, Laura MAHTEP Group Dipartimento Energia "Galileo Ferraris" Politecnico di Torino Torino Italy Department of Civil Construction & Environmental Engineering NC State University RaleighNC United States Graduate Program on Operations Research NC State University RaleighNC United States Department of Economics and Statistics "Cognetti de Martiis" Università degli Studi di Torino Italy School of Business NC Central University DurhamNC United States

To achieve the goal of transforming Europe into a carbon-neutral continent by 2050, it is essential that emission reduction efforts are supported by well-informed decision-making processes and models. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the curves of the marginal GHGs abatement cost through energy system optimization models. The analysis is performed by comparing the marginal cost associated with progressively stricter decarbonization pathways from 2020 to 2050 with the emission reduction benefit. Moreover, average sectorial and sub-sectorial abatement costs are computed to assess the role of different sectors and technologies in the decarbonization process. In the light of its international commitment towards GHGs emission reduction, the selected case study is the Italian energy system, being Italy one of the largest emitting countries in Europe. The maximum marginal cost associated with the -90% emission reduction target in 2050 with respect to the reference scenario is approximately 1600 €/t. From our findings, the power sector turns out to be the cheapest sector to decarbonize (~ 170 €/t), while the industrial sector is the most expensive (~ 620 €/t). The values obtained for the abatement cost suggest that a carbon tax around 160 €/t would be sufficient to strongly reduce the emissions from the Italian energy system. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon

Evaluating the Impact of Cooperative Automated Transportation on Work Zone Safety and Operation Using Weather-Sensitive Microsimulation Approach

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Das, Anik Khan, Md Nasim Ahmed, Mohamed M. Research & Implementation Program Texas A&M Transportation Institute 1111 RELLIS Parkway Room 3448 BryanTX77807-3135 United States Civil Engineering Program Ingram School of Engineering Texas State University RFM 5224 601 University Drive San MarcosTX78666 United States Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering Construction Management Transportation Center Baldwin Hall CEAS - Civil Eng - 0071 University of Cincinnati 2850 Campus Way CincinnatiOH45221-0071 United States

Work Zones (WZs) are considered a major concern for transportation agencies. The implementation of Cooperative Automated Transportation (CAT) may be faced with a variety of challenges including safer WZs navigation during adverse weather. This study investigated the impact of CAT on a freeway WZ corridor in foggy weather in terms of safety and operations via weather-based microsimulation modeling. To generate various CAT scenarios, three types of vehicles namely Human-driven Vehicles (HV), Connected Vehicles (CV), and Automated Vehicles (AV) were considered. The representative parameters of HV, CV, and AV were adjusted based on real-world data from the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study, the WYDOT CV Pilot, and CoEXist project, respectively. A basic freeway segment on Interstate 80 in Wyoming was replicated with a WZ area in VISSIM. Thirty-six individual scenarios were designed based on different combinations of CAT and six levels of Market Penetration Rates (MPRs), including 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, in an attempt to explore the influence of CAT on WZ operation and safety. The safety evaluation using two Surrogate Measures of Safety including Time-To-Collision and Post Encroachment Time suggested that the total number of conflicts decreased with the increase of MPRs. The operational analyses revealed that CAT scenarios produced higher average speed and lower total travel time at different MPRs compared to baseline condition with only HV. The findings could provide bases for appropriate WZ design and management from safety and operational perspectives at every stage of CAT deployment. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vehicles

Influence of bearing coefficient in cold-formed stainless steel bolted connection

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ce/papers 2021年第2-4期4卷 148-155页

作者： Sobrinho, Kelvin da Silva, André T. Rodrigues, Monique C. Henriques, José A. Lima, Luciano R. da Vellasco, Pedro C. G. PGECIV - Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Structural Engineering Department UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Construction Engineering Research Group IIW Faculty Hasselt University Belgium

The connections play an important role in the overall behaviour of the structures. Therefore an adequate structural design taking into account both safe and economic criterion is necessary. The structural design of stainless steel bolted connections using actual codes can provide inadequate design capacity mainly due to the use of similar rules based on analogies from mild carbon structures. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structural response of stainless bolted connections considering the steel grade austenitic 304. Experimental and numerical analyses have been carried out considering bolted connection under bearing failure. In details, the study cases were subjected to two shear planes with thin-plate and thick-plate. In these cases, the occurrence of curling failures is possible. A detailed study involving the geometric parameters adopted by design equations of bolted stainless steel connections was made. The outcomes showed a reduction of the ultimate capacity characterised by out-plane deformation. In addition, the current codes led to significant difference when compared to both experimental and numerical results. © 2021 Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin.

关键词： Structural design

Numerical evaluation of tubular perfobond shear connectors

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ce/papers 2021年第2-4期4卷 666-674页

作者： Souza, Keila L. da Silva, André T. Henriques, José Vellasco, Pedro C. G. Rodrigues, Monique C. PGECIV - Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Structural Engineering Department UERJ – State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Construction Engineering Research Group IIW Faculty Hasselt University Belgium

Composite structures have been applied more frequently because they are an economical structural solution with excellent structural performance. The interaction is guaranteed with the use of elements that transfer the forces between these two materials. The most common mechanical connections between steel and concrete are made through shear connectors. Some of the connectors types used nowadays are stud bolt, U-profiles, Crestbond, Perfobond and T-Perfobond. Eurocode 4 prescribes that a connector has to possess a minimal ductility, one of the main requirements to shear connectors. The current Perfobond presents excellent resistant capacity, but low deformation capacity, contradicting what is prescribed by the code. This paper aims to study a Tubular Perforbond connector by analyzing the parameters that can influence its resistance and deformation capacity, applying FEM through Abaqus software, to simulate the composite structural, mechanical behaviour. When comparing the Tubular Perfobond connector with the Perfobond connector, it was possible to observe that the tubular connectors presented a substantial deformation capacity after peak load, while attending the connector ductility requirements. The use of Tubular connectors also decreased the concrete crushing propagation. © 2021 Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin.

关键词： Nonlinear analysis

Energy consumption of high-rise double skin façade buildings, a machine learning analysis

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Journal of Building engineering 2024年 89卷

作者： Rezaie, Maedeh Kariminia, Shahab Band, Shahab S. Ameri, Rasoul Farokhi, Maryam Pai, Hao-Ting Gocer, Ozgur Rismanchi, Behzad Shooshtarian, Salman Department of Architecture Advancement in Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center Najafabad Branch Islamic Azad University Najafabad Iran Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliu Taiwan Department of Information Management International Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Taiwan Department of Information Management National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Taiwan Bachelor Program of Big Data Applications in Business National Pingtung University Pingtung Taiwan School of Architecture Design and Planning The University of Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Group Department of Infrastructure Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology The University of Melbourne Australia School of Property Construction and Project Management RMIT University Melbourne Australia

Most energy exchanges take place through the building skin. The skin characteristics play a decisive role in the extent of these exchanges, but they are somewhat more varied in the double skin façade (DSF). Among these characteristics, cavity segmentation has a noticeable effect on the implementation of the DSF in different directions during the hot and cold seasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of DSF segmentation in energy consumption and natural ventilation of high-rise buildings in hot and dry climates. This study used DesignBuilder software to study sixty-four segmentation component scenarios in an eight-story residential building in Isfahan, Iran. Moreover, a proposed hybrid model utilizing the hybridization of the Hunger Game Search and Gradient Boosting (HGS-GB) algorithm was employed to estimate energy consumption in various scenarios involving lighting, heating, cooling, and total scenarios. The available outcomes revealed that the HGS-GB model had a better performance in comparison with other individual models, such as Gradient Boosting (GB), Random Forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN). The R2 values for lighting, heating, cooling, and total energy estimation were 0.9993, 0.9958, 0.9991, and 0.9922, respectively. The findings of this study suggest the significance of DSF segmentation in energy consumption and natural ventilation in high-rise buildings in hot and dry climates. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Forestry

Field Investigation and Finite Element Analysis on Expansion and Shrinkage Strains of Expansive Concrete Structures

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Prayuda, Hakas Tanapornraweekit, Ganchai Tangtermsirikul, Somnuk Matsumoto, Koji Jongvisuttisun, Passarin Snguanyat, Chalermwut School of Civil Engineering and Technology Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Pathum Thani Thailand Construction and Maintenance Technology Research Center Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Pathum Thani Thailand Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Division of Engineering and Policy for Sustainable Environment Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Innovation and Technology Cement and Green Solution Business SCG Cement-Building materials Co. Ltd. Kaeng Khoi Saraburi Thailand

This study investigated the strain behavior of various reinforced concrete structures cast with expansive concrete. Laboratory tests, field measurement, and finite element (FE) analysis on the expansion and shrinkage were investigated. Field measurement and numerical simulation were carried out on three different structures, i.e., slab on grade (SG), slab on beam (SB), and water tank wall (WT). Strain gauges are installed in several locations in each structure to study the effects of type and amount of expansive additive and restraining conditions on the level of expansion and shrinkage. To increase the flexibility and versatility of the design process, FE analysis is one of the comprehensive methods for estimating the expansion and shrinkage strain in expansive concrete structures under restraint. FE analysis in this study applies free expansion strain as an input, with the consideration of expansion loss due to pores filling of expansive products and early age compressive creep. The field measurement results indicated that the restraint (internal and external restraint) significantly affects the expansion and shrinkage strains in the structures. Furthermore, it was found that the application of effective free strain as the input in the FE analysis made it possible to predict the level of restrained expansion strain in expansive concrete structures. The expansion and shrinkage strains can be estimated accurately using the FE analysis by considering several factors such as degree of restraint, curing conditions, and mix proportions. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Water tanks

Optimized ensemble-based flood hazard mapping in low altitude subtropical riverine terrane

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Discover Geoscience 2024年第1期2卷 1-32页

作者： Pandey, Manish Costache, Romulus Dash, Pratik Geesupalli, Purna Durga Siddiqui, Masood A. Pandey, Prem Chandra Santosh, M. Bateni, Sayed M. Arora, Aman Marwadi University Research Centre Marwadi University Rajkot India Research Institute of the University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management Bucharest Romania Danube Delta National Institute for Research and Development Tulcea Romania Department of Civil Engineering Transilvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania Department of Geography Khejuri College (Affiliated to Vidyasagar University) Medinipur India Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Department of Geography Faculty of Natural Sciences Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Greater Noida India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing Beijing China Department of Earth Science University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering and Water Resources Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu USA Université Gustave Eiffel GERS-LEE Bouguenais France

Among various natural hazards, those induced by hydrological and meteorological factors have emerged as the most frequent and damaging. India is at the second from the top, after Bangladesh, of flood hazard-affected countries of the world, causing immense damage to life and property every year. The Middle Ganga Plain in the country is one of the most severely affected regions due to the convergence of Himalayan rivers in the Ganga (Ganges) plain. This study focuses on optimizing novel ensemble models to enhance the mapping of flood hazard susceptibility in specific topoclimatic setting, characterized by a low-altitude-range, sub-tropical monsoonal climate, and a riverine floodplain environment of the tectonically active Middle Ganga Plain. This region forms part of the Ganga Foreland Basin prone to frequent floods. We employ a comprehensive flood inventory and twelve selected flood conditioning factors and is the first study that has developed these ensemble models in low relief riverine floodplain environmental setting with high resolution geomorphology as one of the conditioning factors. Four artificial intelligence ensemble models were employed in this work: Logistic Regression-Evidential Belief Function (LR-EBF), Logistic Regression-Frequency Ratio (LR-FR), Multi-Layer Perceptron-Evidential Belief Function (MLP-EBF), and Multi-Layer Perceptron-Frequency Ratio (MLP-FR). Results showed that LR-based ensembles outperformed MLP-based ensembles in the studied topoclimatic setting, with LR-EBF model achieving 87.2% and 84.7% success and prediction rates respectively. Our results reveal consistent performance differences between LR-based ensembles with FR and EBF models across different environmental settings. MLP-based ensembles, particularly with Frequency Ratio, displayed more significant performance variations. The findings underscore the importance of considering specific topoclimatic and altitudinal range environments when applying flood hazard susceptibility mod

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Matflood: An Efficient Algorithm for Mapping Flood Extent and Depth

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Enriquez, Alejandra Rodriguez Wahl, Thomas Talke, Stefan A. Orton, Philip M. Booth, James F. Santamaria-Aguilar, Sara Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering National Center for Integrated Coastal Research University of Central Florida OrlandoFL32186 United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering California Polytechnic State University San Luis ObispoCA United States Oceanography Department Stevens Institute of Technology HobokenNJ United States Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences City College of New York City University of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences The Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States

Mapping inundation areas and flood depths is necessary for coastal and riverine management and planning. Flood maps help communicate flooding risk to affected communities and vulnerable populations and are essential for evaluating flooding impacts. However, existing approaches require knowledge of specialized Geographic Information Systems software or hydrodynamic models and cannot easily account for spatially varying flood water levels. Here, we introduce MatFlood, a tool that exploits image-processing algorithms for efficient estimation of flood extension and depth. Features include (a) an algorithmic that evaluates hydro-connectivity;(b) functionality to calculate spatially varying flood water levels and (c) the inclusion of a reduction factor to mimic the effects of physical processes not explicitly resolved. The efficiency of the tool is well-suited for analyzing numerous flooding scenarios over large areas with high spatial resolution. In comparison to existing approaches based on Geographic Information Systems, MatFlood performs the same calculations six times faster. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Floods