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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sawicki, Jakub Berner, Rico Loos, Sarah A.M. Anvari, Mehrnaz Bader, Rolf Barfuss, Wolfram Botta, Nicola Brede, Nuria Franović, Igor Gauthier, Daniel J. Goldt, Sebastian Hajizadeh, Aida Hövel, Philipp Karin, Omer Lorenz-Spreen, Philipp Miehl, Christoph Mölter, Jan Olmi, Simona Schöll, Eckehard Seif, Alireza Tass, Peter A. Volpe, Giovanni Yanchuk, Serhiy Kurths, Jürgen Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Telegrafenberg Potsdam14473 Germany Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW Leonhardsstrasse 6 Basel4009 Switzerland Department of Physics Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstraße 15 Berlin12489 Germany DAMTP University of Cambridge Wilberforce Road CambridgeCB3 0WA United Kingdom Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing Schloss Birlinghoven Sankt-Augustin53757 Germany Institute of Systematic Musicology University of Hamburg Germany Transdisciplinary Research Area: Sustainable Futures University of Bonn Bonn53113 Germany University of Bonn Bonn53113 Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg412 96 Sweden Department of Computer Science University of Potsdam An der Bahn 2 Potsdam14476 Germany Scientific Computing Laboratory Center for the Study of Complex Systems Institute of Physics Belgrade University of Belgrade Pregrevica 118 Belgrade11080 Serbia The Ohio State University Department of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering 191 West Woodruff Ave ColumbusOH43210 United States ResCon Technologies LLC 1275 Kinnear Rd. Suite 239 ColumbusOH43212 United States Trieste Italy Research Group Comparative Neuroscience Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg Germany Theoretical Physics Saarland University Saarbrücken66123 Germany Center for Biophysics Saarland University Saarbrücken66123 Germany Department of Mathematics Imperial College London United Kingdom Center for Adaptive Rationality Max Planck Institute for Human Development Lentzeallee 94 Berlin14195 Germany Max Planck Institute for Brain Research Max-von-Laue-Straße 4 Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences Alte Akademie 8 Freising85354 Germany Department of Mathematics School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Boltzmannstraße 3 Garching bei München8574

Adaptivity is a dynamical feature that is omnipresent in nature, socio-economics, and technology. For example, adaptive couplings appear in various real-world systems like the power grid, social, and neural networks, and they form the backbone of closed-loop control strategies and machine learning algorithms. In this article, we provide an interdisciplinary perspective on adaptive systems. We reflect on the notion and terminology of adaptivity in different disciplines and discuss which role adaptivity plays for various fields. We highlight common open challenges, and give perspectives on future research directions, looking to inspire interdisciplinary approaches. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamical systems

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Sparse system identification for stochastic feedback control systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhao, Wenxiao Yin, George Bai, Er-Wei Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 Department of Mathematics Wayne State University DetroitMI48202 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iowa Iowa CityIA52242 United States

Focusing on identification, this paper develops techniques to reconstruct zero and nonzero elements of a sparse parameter vector θ of a stochastic dynamic system under feedback control, for which the current input may depend on the past inputs and outputs, system noises as well as exogenous dithers. First, a sparse parameter identification algorithm is introduced based on L2norm with L1regularization, where the adaptive weights are adopted in the optimization variables of L1term. Second, estimates generated by the algorithm are shown to have both set and parameter convergence. That is, sets of the zero and nonzero elements in the parameter θ can be correctly identified with probability one using a finite number of observations, and estimates of the nonzero elements converge to the true values almost surely. Third, it is shown that the results are applicable to a large number of applications, including variable selection, open-loop identification, and closed-loop control of stochastic systems. Finally, numerical examples are given to support the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Arena: A General Evaluation Platform and Building Toolkit for Multi-Agent Intelligence

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Song, Yuhang Wang, Jianyi Lukasiewicz, Thomas Xu, Zhenghua Xu, Mai Ding, Zihan Wu, Lianlong Department of Computer Science University of Oxford United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of Technology China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University China Imperial College London United Kingdom

Learning agents that are not only capable of taking tests but are also innovating are becoming a hot topic in artificial intelligence (AI). One of the most promising paths towards this vision is multi-agent learning, where agents act as the environment for each other, and improving each agent means proposing new problems for others. However, the existing evaluation platforms are either not compatible with multi-agent settings, or limited to a specific game. That is, there is not yet a general evaluation platform for research on multi-agent intelligence. To this end, we introduce Arena, a general evaluation platform for multi-agent intelligence with 35 games of diverse logic and representations. Furthermore, multi-agent intelligence is still at the stage where many problems remain unexplored. Therefore, we provide a building toolkit for researchers to easily invent and build novel multi-agent problems from the provided games set based on a GUI-configurable social tree and five basic multi-agent reward schemes. Finally, we provide python implementations of five state-of-the-art deep multi-agent reinforcement learning baselines. Along with the baseline implementations, we release a set of 100 best agents/teams that we can train with different training schemes for each game, as the base for evaluating agents with population performance. As such, the research community can perform comparisons under a stable and uniform standard. Code for the games, building toolkit and baselines are released at https://***/YuhangSong/Arena-BuildingToolkit and https://***/YuhangSong/Arena-Baselines. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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A multi-level neural network for implicit causality detection in Web texts

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Liang, Shining Zuo, Wanli Shi, Zhenkun Wang, Sen Wang, Junhu Zuo, Xianglin Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Changchun China College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Jilin China Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith University QLD Australia

Mining causality from text is a complex and crucial natural language understanding task corresponding to the human cognition. Existing studies at its solution can be grouped into two primary categories: feature engineering based and neural model based methods. In this paper, we find that the former has incomplete coverage and inherent errors but provide prior knowledge;while the latter leverages context information but causal inference of which is insufficiency. To handle the limitations, we propose a novel causality detection model named MCDN to explicitly model causal reasoning process, and furthermore, to exploit the advantages of both methods. Specifically, we adopt multi-head self-attention to acquire semantic feature at word level and develop the SCRN to infer causality at segment level. To the best of our knowledge, with regards to the causality tasks, this is the first time that the Relation Network is applied. The experimental results show that: i) the proposed approach performs prominent performance on causality detection;ii) further analysis manifests the effectiveness and robustness of MCDN. © 2019, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Semantics

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Benchmarking quality-dependent and cost-sensitive score-level multimodal biometric fusion algorithms

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Poh, Norman Bourlai, Thirimachos Kittler, Josef Allano, Lorene Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando Ambekar, Onkar Baker, John Dorizzi, Bernadette Fatukasi, Omolara Fierrez, Julian Ganster, Harald Ortega-Garcia, Javier Maurer, Donald Salah, Albert Ali Scheidat, Tobias Vielhauer, Claus Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing School of Electronics and Physical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford SurreyGU2 7XH United Kingdom Biometrics Center Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506-6109 United States Institut Telecom Telecom and Management SudParis Evry91011 France Biometric Recognition Group – ATVS Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid28049 Spain Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University LaurelMD20723 United States Electronics and Physics Department Institut Telecom Telecom and Management SudParis Evry91011 France Institute of Digital Image Processing Joanneum Research Graz8010 Austria ISLA-ISIS University of Amsterdam Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands Department of Informatics and Media Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences Brandenburg an der HavelD-14770 Germany Research Group Multimedia and Security Department of Technical and Business Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg MagdeburgD-39106 Germany

Automatically verifying the identity of a person by means of biometrics (e.g., face and fingerprint) is an important application in our day-to-day activities such as accessing banking services and security control in airports. To increase the system reliability, several biometric devices are often used. Such a combined system is known as a multimodal biometric system. This paper reports a benchmarking study carried out within the framework of the BioSecure DS2 (Access control) evaluation campaign organized by the University of Surrey, involving face, fingerprint, and iris biometrics for person authentication, targeting the application of physical access control in a medium-size establishment with some 500 persons. While multimodal biometrics is a well-investigated subject in the literature, there exists no benchmark for a fusion algorithm comparison. Working towards this goal, we designed two sets of experiments: quality-dependent and cost-sensitive evaluation. The quality-dependent evaluation aims at assessing how well fusion algorithms can perform under changing quality of raw biometric images principally due to change of devices. The cost-sensitive evaluation, on the other hand, investigates how well a fusion algorithm can perform given restricted computation and in the presence of software and hardware failures, resulting in errors such as failure-to-acquire and failure-to-match. Since multiple capturing devices are available, a fusion algorithm should be able to handle this nonideal but nevertheless realistic scenario. In both evaluations, each fusion algorithm is provided with scores from each biometric comparison subsystem as well as the quality measures of both the template and the query data. The response to the call of the evaluation campaign proved very encouraging, with the submission of 22 fusion systems. To the best of our knowledge, this campaign is the first attempt to benchmark quality-based multimodal fusion algorithms. In the presence of changing

关键词： Benchmarking

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A time-delay feedback neural network for discriminating small, fast-moving targets in complex dynamic environments

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Wang, Hongxin Wang, Huatian Zhao, Jiannan Hu, Cheng Peng, Jigen Yue, Shigang Machine Life and Intelligence Research Center Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China Computational Intelligence Laboratory School of Computer Science University of Lincoln LincolnLN6 7TS United Kingdom Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Xianyang712099 China Computational Intelligence Laboratory School of Computer Science University of Lincoln LincolnLN6 7TS United Kingdom School of Electrical Engineering Guangxi University Nanning530004 China School of Mathematics and Information Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China

Discriminating small moving objects within complex visual environments is a significant challenge for autonomous micro robots that are generally limited in computational power. By exploiting their highly evolved visual systems, flying insects can effectively detect mates and track prey during rapid pursuits, even though the small targets equate to only a few pixels in their visual field. The high degree of sensitivity to small target movement is supported by a class of specialized neurons called small target motion detectors (STMDs). Existing STMD-based computational models normally comprise four sequentially arranged neural layers interconnected via feedforward loops to extract information on small target motion from raw visual inputs. However, feedback, another important regulatory circuit for motion perception, has not been investigated in the STMD pathway and its functional roles for small target motion detection are not clear. In this paper, we propose an STMD-based neural network with feedback connection (Feedback STMD), where the network output is temporally delayed, then fed back to the lower layers to mediate neural responses. We compare the properties of the model with and without the time-delay feedback loop, and find it shows preference for high-velocity objects. Extensive experiments suggest that the Feedback STMD achieves superior detection performance for fast-moving small targets, while significantly suppressing background false positive movements which display lower velocities. The proposed feedback model provides an effective solution in robotic visual systems for detecting fast-moving small targets that are always salient and potentially threatening. © 2019, CC BY.

关键词： Feedback

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Simultaneous spectral-spatial feature selection and extraction for hyperspectral images

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Zhang, Lefei Zhang, Qian Du, Bo Huang, Xin Tang, Yuan Yan Tao, Dacheng State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering School of Computer Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Beijing Samsung Telecom R&D Center Beijing100028 China School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau Macau999078 China Centre for Quantum Computation and Intelligent Systems Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia

In hyperspectral remote sensing data mining, it is important to take into account of both spectral and spatial information, such as the spectral signature, texture feature and morphological property, to improve the performances, e.g., the image classification accuracy. In a feature representation point of view, a nature approach to handle this situation is to concatenate the spectral and spatial features into a single but high dimensional vector and then apply a certain dimension reduction technique directly on that concatenated vector before feed it into the subsequent classifier. However, multiple features from various domains definitely have different physical meanings and statistical properties, and thus such concatenation hasn't efficiently explore the complementary properties among different features, which should benefit for boost the feature discriminability. Furthermore, it is also difficult to interpret the transformed results of the concatenated vector. Consequently, finding a physically meaningful consensus low dimensional feature representation of original multiple features is still a challenging task. In order to address the these issues, we propose a novel feature learning framework, i.e., the simultaneous spectral-spatial feature selection and extraction algorithm, for hyperspectral images spectralspatial feature representation and classification. Specifically, the proposed method learns a latent low dimensional subspace by projecting the spectral-spatial feature into a common feature space, where the complementary information has been effectively exploited, and simultaneously, only the most significant original features have been transformed. Encouraging experimental results on three public available hyperspectral remote sensing datasets confirm that our proposed method is effective and efficient. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feature extraction

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A general and simple method for evaluating the electrical transport performance of graphene by the van der Pauw–Hall measurement

引用

science Bulletin 2018年第22期63卷 1521-1526页

作者： Fangzhu Qing Yang Shu Linsen Qing Yuting Niu He Guo Shuyi Zhang Chunlin Liu Changqing Shen Wanli Zhang Samuel S.Mao Wenjuan Zhu Xuesong Li State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices &School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Institute of New Energy Shenzhen 518031China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Expected for many promising applications in the field of electronics and optoelectronics, a reliable method for the characterization of graphene electrical transport properties is desired to predict its device performance or provide feedback for its ***, the commonly used methods of extracting carrier mobility from graphene field effect transistor or Hall-bar is time consuming, expensive, and significantly affected by the device fabrication process other than graphene *** we reported a general and simple method to evaluate the electrical transport performance of graphene by the van der Pauw–Hall *** annealing graphene in vacuum to remove the adsorbed dopants and then exposing it in ambient surroundings, carrier mobility as a function of density can be measured with the increase of carrier density due to the dopant re-adsorption from the ***, the relationship between the carrier mobility and density can be simply fitted with a power equation to the first level approximation, with which any pair of measured carrier mobility and density can be normalized to an arbitrary carrier density for *** experimentally demonstrated the reliability of the method, which is much simpler than making devices and may promote the standard making for graphene characterization.

关键词： Graphene Van der Pauw Hall Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)

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Variational Context: Exploiting Visual and Textual Context for Grounding Referring Expressions

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Niu, Yulei Zhang, Hanwang Lu, Zhiwu Chang, Shih-Fu Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Management and Analysis Methods School of Information Renmin University of China Beijing100872 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States

—We focus on grounding (i.e., localizing or linking) referring expressions in images, e.g., "largest elephant standing behind baby elephant". This is a general yet challenging vision-language task since it does not only require the localization of objects, but also the multimodal comprehension of context — visual attributes (e.g., "largest", "baby") and relationships (e.g., "behind") that help to distinguish the referent from other objects, especially those of the same category. Due to the exponential complexity involved in modeling the context associated with multiple image regions, existing work oversimplifies this task to pairwise region modeling by multiple instance learning. In this paper, we propose a variational Bayesian method, called Variational Context, to solve the problem of complex context modeling in referring expression grounding. Specifically, our framework exploits the reciprocal relation between the referent and context, i.e., either of them influences estimation of the posterior distribution of the other, and thereby the search space of context can be greatly reduced. In addition to reciprocity, our framework considers the semantic information of context, i.e., the referring expression can be reproduced based on the estimated context. We also extend the model to unsupervised setting where no annotation for the referent is available. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks show consistent improvement over state-of-the-art methods in both supervised and unsupervised settings. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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SESR: Single Image Super Resolution with Recursive Squeeze and Excitation Networks 24

SESR: Single Image Super Resolution with Recursive Squeeze a...

引用

24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2018

作者： Cheng, Xi Li, Xiang Yang, Jian Tai, Ying Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538637890;9781538637883

Single image super resolution is a very important computer vision task, with a wide range of applications. In recent years, the depth of the super-resolution model has been constantly increasing, but with a small increase in performance, it has brought a huge amount of computation and memory consumption. In this work, in order to make the super resolution models more effective, we proposed a novel single image super resolution method via recursive squeeze and excitation networks (SESR). By introducing the squeeze and excitation module, our SESR can model the interdependencies and relationships between channels and that makes our model more efficiency. In addition, the recursive structure and progressive reconstruction method in our model minimized the layers and parameters and enabled SESR to simultaneously train multi-scale super resolution in a single model. After evaluating on four benchmark test sets, our model is proved to be above the state-of-the-art methods in terms of speed and accuracy. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： recursive networks squeeze and excitation super resolution

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