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Human systems integration and advanced technology in engineering department workload and manpower reduction

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2003年第1期115卷 57-65页

作者： Lively, KA Seman, AJ Kirkpatrick, M KENNETH A. LIVELY graduated from the University of Colorado with a BS in applied mathematics and an MS in mathematics in 1976 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an MS in electrical engineering and the degree ocean engineer in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1984. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1989 after 23 years of service. Assignments included electrical officer on the USS Constellation (CV 64) project engineer for the DDG 51 machinery control system (NAVSEA) and DDG 51 Technical Director (NAVSEA). He was vice president of the PDI Division of Bird-Johnson Company from July 1989 to November 1998 where he managed various gas turbine and machinery controls related development projects. He joined Anteon Corporation's Systems Engineering Group as senior controls engineer in December 1998 where he provided technical support to the integrated power systems program (NAVSEA PMS 510) and managed the Office of Naval Research Afloat Laboratory. DR. MARK KIRKPATRICK is currently an independent consultant in human factors and work-load/manning analysis and modeling. He holds a Ph.D. degree in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and has 34 years of experience in applied human factors. From 1982 through 2000 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as the senior vice president of Carlow International. Prior to joining Carlow in 1982 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as a member of the technical staff at North American Rockwell's Missiles Division and as a project director and vice president for Essex Corporation. His areas of expertise include workload simulation task analysis operator-in-the-loop simulation human performance experimentation statistical analysis and human factors T&E. He has directed and/or participated in human factors projects for the U.S. Navy U.S. Army NASA Department of Transportation the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and private industry. ANTHONY J. SEMAN III is the technical manager for the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence (RSVP) advanced technology d

Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current DDG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as DD 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current DDG 51 activities. Development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.

关键词： Naval warfare

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Modeling and simulation of hybrid dynamical systems with generalized differential Petri nets

Modeling and simulation of hybrid dynamical systems with gen...

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IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent control (ISIC)

作者： Yali Wu Weimin Wu Jianchao Zeng Guoji Sun Hongye Su Jian Chu System Engineering Institute Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Institute of Advanced Process Control National Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Division of System Simulation and Computer Application Taipan Heavy Machinery Institute Taipan China

There has been considerable interest in the modeling and simulation of hybrid dynamic systems (HDS). As an effective modeling tool of discrete event dynamic systems, Petri nets have a dual nature of a graphical tool and a mathematical object. In this paper, an extension of Petri net named generalized differential Petri nets (GDPN) is proposed to model HDS that have a combination of discrete-event evolution and continuous state evolution. Differential place and differential transition defined by Demongodin et al. (1998) are used to model the numeral simulation of the continuous dynamic process, and the weights defined on the directed arcs that connects the differential transitions and places are extended from real numbers to real matrices. The marking of differential place are also enlarged from real numbers to real vectors. Then the evolution rules and modeling method of HDS with GDPN are introduced. Two examples are used to illustrate the modeling power of GDPN in HDS.

关键词： Petri nets Power system modeling Supervisory control Discrete event systems Process control Computational modeling computer simulation Mathematical model Chemical processes Continuous time systems

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C4ISR architectures: I. Developing a process for C4ISR architecture design

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systems Engineering 2000年第4期3卷 225-247页

作者： Levis, Alexander H. Wagenhals, Lee W. System Architectures Laboratory C3I Center MSN 4D2 George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering C3I Center System Architectures Laboratory United States Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Advancement of Science (AAAS) United States Center of Excellence Command Control Communications and Intelligence George Mason University Fairfax VA United States System Architectures Laboratory United States

The C4ISR Architecture Framework document issued by the Department of Defense specifies three views of an information architecture and defines a set of products that describe each view. These architecture views are to serve as the basis for C4ISR system development and acquisition. The Framework does not provide a process for architecture design. In this paper, information architectures are described in the context of Structured Analysis, and then the architecture views of the Framework and the related products are interpreted in that context. A methodology for architecture design is developed that is then implemented using Structured Analysis and object orientation in two companion papers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Some aspects of human-friendly control for movement-helping devices

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Artificial Life and Robotics 2000年第4期4卷 198-205页

作者： Stefanov, Dimitar H. Bien, Zeungnam Song, Won-Kyung Institute of Mechanics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Human-Friendly Welfare Robot System Engineering Research Center (HWRS-ERC) KAIST Taejon Korea Bien's System Control Laboratory at KAIST Taejon Korea

Future welfare models should meet the needs of a large group of aged and disabled people. Present research and technology efforts in this direction are oriented toward the development of highly effective home-installed devices which will provide the user with continuous assistance in different everyday activities. The problems and needs of the elderly and the disabled vary from person to person over a large range, and with many serious requirements. Modern designs for such devices are oriented toward solutions where the user is less engaged in the control process, and the interaction between the device and the user ishuman-friendly, i.e., the devices should possess a high level of intelligence in their controls, actions, and interactions with the user, offering him/her a high level of comfort and functionality. This paper considers a mixed control mode as a better alternative for human-machine interactions for users with great movement disability. Some examples of easy direct control are discussed.

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Definition of evaluation criteria for system development acquisition modeling and simulation

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1999年第1期111卷 55-64页

作者： Leite, MJ Mensh, DR Michael J. Leite:is a Principal Engineer with PRC Inc. a division of Litton Industries. He supports combat system engineering for theater air and missile defense. His other tasks have included the command and control for the AEGIS shipbuilding program systems engineering for the 21st Century Surface Combatant combat system survivability and the development of NATO standardization agreements for naval ordnance. He was previously a Senior Engineer with San Diego Gas & Electric with responsibility for its energy application and lighting programs. Prior to joining SDG&E Mr. Leite was a commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy where he served in operations and engineering assignments. Following active duty he accepted a Naval Reserve commission and has retired with the rank of Captain. His assignments included command operational and engineering tours. Mr. Leite has also served as an expert witness in admiralty and engineering matters. He is a gradate of the University of California Berkeley with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Engineering and also holds a Masters Degree in Business Administration from National University in San Diego. Mr. Leite is a Registered Professional Engineer in the States of California and Minnesota. Mr. Leite is a member of ASNE ASCE MORS the Illuminating Engineering Society and the U.S. Naval institute. Dennis Roy Mensh:is a Senior Engineer with PRC Inc. a division of Litton Industries in Crystal City VA where he supports modeling and simulation tasking for combat systems. He received BS and MS degrees in applied Physics from Lopola College in Baltimore MD and the American University in Washington DC. He has also completed the course work towards a Ph.D. degree in computer science specializing in the fields of Operations Reseurch Anabsis Systems Analysis and Computer Modeling and Simulation. Previously he was employed at the White Oak Laboratory of the Naval Surface Warfare Carter in Silver Spring MD where he worked in the areas of naval sensor and weapon system analysis

This paper defines, develops and examines a set of generic analysis tools that can be applied to Models and Simulations at the systems Engineering level of fidelity. The tools examine the performance and effectiveness of Sensors;Weapons;and Battle Management, Command, control, Communications, computers, and Intelligence ((BMCI)-I-4) systems and equipment. The Measures of Performance (MOPs), Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) and Measures of Force Effectiveness (MOFEs) were extracted from the Modular Command and control Structure Paradigm which was developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The paradigm provides for the development of evaluation criteria (MOPs, MOEs, and MOFEs) in a framework that ensures the traceability of system performance and effectiveness to the system operational requirements as specified in the Operational Requirements Document (ORD). Also, the analysis tools provide insight and valid estimates of numerical measures of the defined system functionality threads, which represent the system's operational requirements as specified in the ORD. The tools are directly transferrable and applicable to test and evaluation exercise events which are conducted in support of the development and acquisition of systems and equipment. Once the levels of system performance have been defined, the Paradigm generates a quantitative database that becomes a useful tool in system tradeoffs and selection. Once the alternative system suites have been defined, the suites can be analyzed in terms of system functionality threads and their corresponding performance capabilities versus cost.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Development and validation of the automatic control rods operation system for ABWR

Development and validation of the automatic control rods ope...

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IEEE Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants

作者： H. Miura A. Arakawa Computer & Control Engineering Section Nuclear Control & Electrical Engineering Dep TOSHIBA Yokohama Japan Electronic System Technology Group Nuclear Engineering Laboratory TOSHIBA Kawasaki Japan

TOSHIBA has introduced the first automatic control rods operation system for the first ABWR (advanced BWR) in the world. The automatic control rods operation system, which is named APR (Automatic Power Regulator), has core critical approach control, pressurization control and power control function and covers the operation from reactor startup to about 70% electrical power. APR calculates the manipulating demand of control rods from feedback signals, that are neutron flux, calculated temperature rise ratio and electrical power. The manipulating demand of control rods is dispatched to an RC&IS (rod control and information system) as an insertion/withdrawal signal. The control rods to be operated are automatically selected by the RC&IS. In the development of this system, a 3D core simulator was adopted to verify the control algorithm and to validate this system. Prior to startup tests, a 3D core simulator was used to precisely predict dynamics and to verify control parameters. In parallel with the introduction of APR to ABWRs, operators were trained to operate the APR with a plant wise simulator, in which the 3D core simulator is adopted for precise simulation of flux behavior. Through this training, operators can obtain the skill to operate the APR system under normal plant condition and abnormal condition such as plant transients or APR failure.

关键词： Automatic control control systems Pressure control Regulators Power control Inductors Temperature control Feedback Neutrons Information systems

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent Engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Measuring the distance and orientation of a planar surface using nonstructured lighting

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systemS AND computerS IN JAPAN 1996年第8期27卷 83-92页

作者： Tsukiyama, T Member Electrotechnical Laboratory Tsukuba Japan 305 Tosbifumi Tsukiyama:graduated in 1972 from the Biological Engineering Department Osaka University where he also received his Dr. of Eng. degree. He joined Electrotechnical Laboratory Ministry of Tread and Industry (Japan) in 1972. At present he is Senior Researcher at Computer Vision Section Intelligent Systems Division ETL. He was a Visiting Researcher at University of Illinois during 1984–1985. He has been interested in vision system for mobile robots and image processing architectures. He is a member of the Society of Instrumental and Control Engineers Japan Robotics Society of Japan and Information Processing Society of Japan.

This paper proposes a method of 3-dimensional measurement of a planar surface by using two fixed light sources and a TV camera. A set of two images is recorded by the camera switching on each light alternately. The peak of the luminance distribution in each image is detected, and the orientation and distance of the planar surface are calculated. The position of the peak of a luminance distribution can be estimated accurately by using an image processing. The light sources can be conventional apparatus with no particular structure. The method is simple and suitable for a vision system on an indoor mobile robot.

关键词： distance to surface orientation of planar surface point light source luminance distribution ring light

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Neural network applications

Neural network applications

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Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000

作者： E. Vonk L.C. Jain L.P.J. Veelenturf Control Systems and Computer Engineering Group BSC Laboratory for Network Theory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Knowledge-based Engineering System Group School of Electronic Engineering University of South Australia Adelaide Australia

Artificial neural networks, also called neural networks, have been used successfully in many fields including engineering, science and business. This paper presents the implementation of several neural network simulat... 详细信息

关键词： Neural networks Neurons Artificial neural networks systems engineering and theory Hopfield neural networks Process control Knowledge engineering Supervised learning Clustering algorithms Application software

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