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Electronic Technology Directions to the Year 2000

作者： E. Vonk L.C. Jain L.P.J. Veelenturf R. Johnson Control Systems and Computer Engineering Group BSC Laboratory for Network Theory Department of Electrical Engineering University of Twente Enschede Netherlands Knowledge-based Engineering System Group School of Electronic Engineering University of South Australia Adelaide Australia Weapons Systems Division Defence Science and Technology Organisation Salisbury SA Australia

This paper reports the application of evolutionary computation in the automatic generation of a neural network architecture. It is a usual practice to use trial and error to find a suitable neural network architecture. This is not only time consuming but may not generate an optimal solution for a given problem. The use of evolutionary computation is a step towards automation in architecture generation. In this paper a brief introduction to the field is given as well as an implementation of automatic neural network generation using genetic programming.< >

关键词： Neural networks computer architecture Evolutionary computation Genetic programming Network topology Genetic algorithms Biological cells systems engineering and theory Knowledge engineering Australia

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Nonlinear Adaptive control: An East-West View

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1993年第2期26卷 67-72页

作者： A.L. Fradkov D.J. Hill Laboratory for Large-scale Control System Institute for Problems of Mechanical Engineering Academy of Sciences of Russia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

An overview is given of nonlinear adaptive control. It is motivated by an aim to synthesise contributions from the Russian literature and some more recent work in the Western literature. A unifying view is given which emphasises the concepts of matching conditions, (speed) gradient algorithms, exact linearization, passivity and robustness in a Lyapunov stability context.

关键词： adaptive control nonlinear systems

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Design of Active Suspension system in the Presence of Physical Parametric Uncertainties

Design of Active Suspension System in the Presence of Physic...

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American control Conference (ACC)

作者： Laszlo Palkovics Peter Gaspar Jozsef Bokor Department of Road Vehicles Technical University of Budapest Budapest Hungary System and Control Laboratory Computer and Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI) Budapest Hungary

The purpose of the paper is to study the design of the active wheel suspension system. The goal of the control design is the disturbance attenuation with respect to the road disturbances when some of the physical parameters of the system are uncertain. On the basis of a linear quarter-car model the tire stiffness and suspension stiffness are assummed to be uncertain. In this paper the authors deal with some new robust design methods. They examine the applicability of H ∞ control in case of the active suspension system using a quarter-car model. The problem is solved as a direct state-feedback H ∞ control problem and in case of structured uncertainties as an RLQR (Robust LQR) design task. On the basis of combination of these two methods new procedure is proposed.

关键词： Uncertainty control systems Actuators Wheels control design Robustness Vehicle dynamics Vehicles control system synthesis Tiles

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Development and integration of an equation-solving program for engineering thermodynamics courses

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computer Applications in Engineering Education 1993年第3期1卷 265-265页

作者： Klein, S.A. Mechanical Engineering Department University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706 Dr. S. A. Klein:is a professor of Mechanical Engineering at University of Wisconsin-Madison. His engineering degrees (BS University of Illinois-Chicago MS PhD University of Wisconsin-Madison) were obtained in Chemical Engineering. Professor Klein is a member of the Solar Energy Laboratory at Wisconsin. He is the developer of the F-Chart method for sizing solar heating systems and the TRNSYS simulation program which is widely used in simulations of solar processes. Currently Professor Klein is involved in research on solar energy system performance absorption power cycles finite-time thermodynamics applications adsorption processes for air conditioning and air quality control and alternative refrigerants and systems for refrigeration and air conditioning applications. Professor Klein is also involved in the development of engineering computer tools for both instruction and research. In addition to the EES program described in this paper he is the primary author of the thermodynamics instructional program CP/Thermo and the finite element program FEHT.

Thermodynamics problems can be separated into conceptual and mathematical parts. The conceptual part consists of the problem formulation and analysis. The mathematical part seeks to obtain an answer to a problem by solving the equations identified in the analysis. The mathematical part can be complex and time-consuming and often directs the students' focus away from the concepts. An equation solving program called Engineering Equation Solver (EES) was developed to reduce the time and effort required by students to solve the mathematical part of thermodynamics problems. EES differs from existing equation solving programs in that it is designed for use by students and it includes an extensive library of built-in functions for thermodynamic and transport properties of fluids. Thermodynamic and transport property data needed for solving engineering problems (eg, steam tables, refrigerant properties, psychrometric and combustion gas data) are built into the program. By eliminating table lookups and algebra, EES allows students to concentrate on engineering fundamentals, as well as to do more complex design problems.

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DIGNET: a self-organizing neural network for automatic pattern recognition and classification

DIGNET: a self-organizing neural network for automatic patte...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： S.C.A. Thomopoulos D.K. Bougoulias Decision and Control Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA Information Proc. & Intell. System Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Southem Illinois University Carbondale IL USA

The authors present a self-organizing artificial neural network (ANN) that exhibits deterministically reliable behavior to noise interference when the noise does not exceed a specified level of tolerance. The complexity of the proposed ANN, called DIGNET, in terms of neuron requirements versus stored patterns, increases linearly with the number of stored patterns and their dimensionality. The self-organization of DIGNET is based on the idea of competitive generation and elimination of attraction wells in the pattern space. The same neural network can be used for both pattern recognition and classification.< >

关键词： Neural networks Pattern recognition Artificial neural networks Neurons Interference Vectors Laboratories Noise level Signal detection Automatic control

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computer-system ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE COMBAT systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 43-62页

作者： ZITZMAN, LH FALATKO, SM PAPACH, JL Dr. Lewis H. Zitzman:is the group supervisor of the Advanced Systems Design Group Fleet Systems Department The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). He has been employed at JHU/APL since 1972 performing applied research in computer science and in investigating and applying advanced computer technologies to Navy shipboard systems. He is currently chairman of Aegis Computer Architecture Data Bus and Fiber Optics Working Group from which many concepts for this paper were generated. Dr. Zitzman received his B.S. degree in physics from Brigham Young University in 1963 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Illinois in 1967 and 1972 respectively. Stephen M. Falatko:was a senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated for the majority of this effort. He is currently employed at ManTech Services Corporation. During his eight-year career first at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and currently with ManTech Mr. Falatko's work has centered around the development of requirements and specifications for future Navy systems and the application of advanced technology to Navy command and control systems. He is a member of both the Computer Architecture Fiber Optics and Data Bus Working Group and the Aegis Fiber Optics Working Group. Mr. Falatko received his B.S. degree in aerospace engineering with high distinction from the University of Virginia in 1982 and his M.S. degree in applied physics from The Johns Hopkins University in 1985. Mr. Falatko is a member of Tau Beta Pi Sigma Gamma Tau the American Society of Naval Engineers and the U.S. Naval Institute. Janet L. Papach:is a section leader and senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated. She has ten years' experience as an analyst supporting NavSea Spa War and the U.S. Department of State. She currently participates in working group efforts under Aegis Combat System Doctrin

This paper sets forth computer systems architecture concepts for the combat system of the 2010–2030 timeframe that satisfy the needs of the next generation of surface combatants. It builds upon the current Aegis computer systems architecture, expanding that architecture while preserving, and adhering to, the Aegis fundamental principle of thorough systems engineering, dedicated to maintaining a well integrated, highly reliable, and easily operable combat system. The implementation of these proposed computer systems concepts in a coherent architecture would support the future battle force capable combat system and allow the expansion necessary to accommodate evolutionary changes in both the threat environment and the technology then available to effectively counter that threat. Changes to the current Aegis computer architecture must be carefully and effectively managed such that the fleet will retain its combat readiness capability at all times. This paper describes a possible transition approach for evolving the current Aegis computer architecture to a general architecture for the future. The proposed computer systems architecture concepts encompass the use of combinations of physically distributed, microprocessor-based computers, collocated with the equipment they support or embedded within the equipment itself. They draw heavily on widely used and available industry standards, including instruction set architectures (ISAs), backplane busses, microprocessors, computer programming languages and development environments, and local area networks (LANs). In this proposal, LANs, based on fiber optics, will provide the interconnection to support system expandability, redundancy, and higher data throughput rates. A system of cross connected LANs will support a high level of combat system integration, spanning the major warfare areas, and will facilitate the coordination and development of a coherent multi-warfare tactical picture supporting the future combatant command st

关键词： computer Architecture

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DOCTRINAL AUTOMATION IN NAVAL COMBAT systemS - THE EXPERIENCE AND THE FUTURE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 74-79页

作者： GERSH, JR The authoris a principal staff engineer at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory where he supervises the AAW Operations Section of the Combat Direction Group. Since joining JHU/APL in 1980 he has been involved in the specification development and testing of advanced surface combat direction systems specializing in the application of rule-based control mechanisms to command and control problems. In 1985-86 he chaired the Doctrine Working Group of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Combat Direction System Engineering Committee. Mr. Gersh served in the U.S. Navy from 1968 to 1977 as a sonar technician and as a junior officer (engineering and gunnery) aboard Atlantic Fleet frigates and as a member of the U.S. Naval Academy's Electrical Engineering faculty. He was educated at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology receiving S. B. S. M. and E. E. degrees in electrical engineering from the latter. He holds certificates as a commercial pilot and flight instructor and is a member of the U.S. Naval Institute the IEEE Computer Society and the American Association for Artificial Intelligence.

For the last four years the most advanced surface combat direction system (CDS) of the U.S. Navy has employed a limited knowledge-based control mechanism. Implemented in the Aegis Weapon system's command and decision element, this capability is called control by doctrine, and is a foundation for the Ticonderoga class cruisers' exceptional performance. control by doctrine allows CIC personnel to direct that certain CDS functions be performed automatically upon tracks with specified characteristics. In effect, these CDS functions, from identification to engagement, can now be controlled through the specification and activation of general system response rules rather than by individual operator actions. The set of active rules, called doctrine statements, forms a system knowledge-base. The Advanced Combat Direction system, Block 1, successor to today's Naval Tactical Data system, will also employ control by doctrine. As part of a larger effort investigating Aegis/ACDS commonality issues, a Doctrine Working Group was chartered to consider, among other things, implications for force-wide interoperability of multiple systems with such rule-based control mechanisms. The working group produced a set of design objectives for doctrine statement standardization across CDSs. Principal features of these objectives are described. The prospect of several such ships operating together in a battle group has raised questions as to the methods by which the actions of ships with those doctrinally-automated systems can best be coordinated. Related questions deal with specific design features for the support of such coordinated action. Work is now being carried out to investigate these questions. Combat system automation through doctrine statements is only one kind of rule-based control. Much work in the area of artificial intelligence deals with the use and maintenance of complex systems of rules, usually in non-real-time problem solving applications. Such systems are just now beginning

关键词： WARSHIPS

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Interface Between Dedicated Standardized and Home-Made systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1980年第4期13卷 497-502页

作者： L. Boullart C. Wilmering R. Koreman D. Boxtael L. Haglund Laboratory of Automatic Control University of Ghent Belgium Application Manager Honeywell Europe Member of Commission Workgroup 6 of the IEC SC65A Manager Process Computer Centre Agfa-Gevaert Belgium Instrumentation System Engineer Hewlett Packard Belgium Billerud Uddeholm AB Sweden

The subject of the round-table discussion was to emphasize the problem in process control in the design and implementation of connecting process equipment to a process computer. Thereby the system engineer is confronted with the choice of using standardised equipment in order to free himself from a specific supplier, or using specific equipment which may be financially interesting and more directly related to the process, but which may nail the user to a single manufacturer.

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TRANSIM‐A GENERAL PURPOSE PROBLEM SOLVING TOOL

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Naval Engineers Journal 1973年第5期85卷 79-92页

作者： McMICHAEL, DAVID L. ORLEANS, BEATRICE S. Mr. David L. McMichael:is Senior Development Engineer on the Project TRANSIM Staff at the University of California at Los Angeles. He is widely experienced in the application of quantitative analytical methods in particular computer simulation to the solution of real-world problems. Prior to joining the UCLA Staff he was a commissioned officer in the U.S. Navy and was assigned to the Naval Ship Systems Command as a system analyst engaged in the introduction of quantitative analysis methods in the Navy management decision-making process. He has also been Senior Systems Analyst ASSET Inc. Industrial Engineer with the Surface Combustion Corp. and Speiser Engineering Inc. and a lecturer in Mathematics at North Virginia Community College. He received his MS degree in Operations Research at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School having specialized in gaming and simulation and his BSME degree at Tri-State College Angola Indiana. Miss Beatrice S. Orleans:holds a BA degree in Mathematics and Statistics from Hunter College and a MS degree in Statistics from Columbia University-Graduate School of Business. She has also completed graduate courses at Columbia George Washington and American Universities. Prior to her present position she was employed by the International Statistical Bureau as an economic statistician the Educational Testing Service as a research assistant the Air Force Human Resources Research Laboratory as an aviation psychologist and Head of the Statistics Section and CNO Aviation Plans and Programs as a mathematical statistician. For the past 20 years she has been with the Bureau of Ships and now the Naval Ship System Command in what is known as the Statistical Engineering Branch of which she has been the Branch Head for the last 10 years. She also has worked in the areas of Statistical Quality Control and Design of Experiments and Reliability and in addition has taught a number of sessions of a course in Introduction to Statistical Inference for the Navy the Laboratories and the Army.

This paper describes TRANSIM simulation a a method for solving problems. There is a brief discussion of modeling and its importance. TRANSIM is compared with other general purpose simulators, special purpose simulation, and network analysis techniques such as PERT/CPM. Data requirements for TRANSIM applications are discussed, and a few examples of specific Navy applications are described in a general fashion. In conclusion, the paper details the latest TRANSIM development work in project analysis and output formats for project risk, resource allocation and scheduling. © 1973 American Society of Naval Engineers

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MANUAL control OF A SMALL SUBMARINE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1969年第1期81卷 133-&页

作者： RAWLING, AG JOHNSON, NL Arnold George Rawlings was born 20 December 1921 in Luke Maryland. He received both a Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering and a Master's degree in Applied Mathematics from the University of Maryland. He served overseas as an LST officer in the Amphibious Forces of the United Navy participating in the Pacific campaigns of World War II. His professional experience includes theoretical mechanics at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory at White Oak (1949-52) digital computer design and large scale air defense system engineering at MIT (1952-54) Navy interceptor missile guidance and control system design at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (1954-60) flight dynamics and currently submarine simulation as a consulting engineer with the General Electric Company. He is a member of the AIAA and Sigma Xi and is author of the papers “Automation and the Scientific Laboratory from a Systems Viewpoint” “Passive Determination of Homing Time” and “On Non-Zero Miss Distance.” Norman L. Johnson was born on 3 December 1937 in Three Falls Michigan. He received a Bachelor's degree in Engineering Physics (1959) from Michigan Technological University and is currently studying towards a Master's degree. His professional experience at the General Electric Company includes analog and hybrid simulation engineering applications up to 1967. Since then he has held the post of Supervisory Engineer in the same area. Problems investigated during the past nine years include the body dynamics and control system design for interceptor missiles re-entry vehicles satellites and for the last two years submarines. He is co-author of the publication “Temperature Generated by the Flow of Liquids in Pipes.”

In designing the man-multiloop control system for a small submersible, many different types of terminal equipment for manual intervention can interface with the human operator, including handlebars, wheels, joysticks and pedals. The proper choice of the means to control the boat in attitude and steering, as well as the actual implementation, constitute a major human factors design problem. This paper discusses a particularly promising concept of manual control that has shown superiority over several alternatives, and decribes the real-time simulation employed in verifying its advantages.

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