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IEEE International Symposium on systems Engineering (ISSE)

作者： Alfredo Garro Andrea Tundis Daniel Bouskela Audrey Jardin Nguyen Thuy Martin Otter Lena Buffoni Peter Fritzson Martin Sjölund Wladimir Schamai Hans Olsson Department of Informatics University of Calabria Rende (CS) Italy Institute of System Dynamics and Control DLR German Aerospace Center Wessling Germany Airbus Group Innovations Hamburg Germany Dassault Systèmes AB Sweden R&D Division Electricité de France (EDF) Chatou Cedex France Department of Computer and Information Science (IDA) Linköping University Linköping Sweden

Modeling and Simulation methods, tools and techniques aim at supporting the different phases of the lifecycle of modern systems, going from requirements analysis to system design and operation. However, their effective application requires investigating several aspects such as the formal modeling of system requirements and the binding and automated composition between heterogeneous models (e.g. requirements models, architectural models, behavioral models). In this context, the paper presents a new formal requirement modeling language based on temporal logic, called FORM-L, and a software library, based on the Modelica language, that implements the constructs provided by FORM-L so as to enable the visual modeling of system properties as well as their verification through simulation. The effectiveness of the proposal is shown on a real case study concerning an Intermediate Cooling system.

关键词： Unified modeling language Object oriented modeling Analytical models Context modeling Atmospheric modeling system analysis and design

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Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids

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Nature 2023年第7965期618卷 E19-E20页

作者： Sarah E Graham Shoa L Clarke Kuan-Han H Wu Stavroula Kanoni Greg J M Zajac Shweta Ramdas Ida Surakka Ioanna Ntalla Sailaja Vedantam Thomas W Winkler Adam E Locke Eirini Marouli Mi Yeong Hwang Sohee Han Akira Narita Ananyo Choudhury Amy R Bentley Kenneth Ekoru Anurag Verma Bhavi Trivedi Hilary C Martin Karen A Hunt Qin Hui Derek Klarin Xiang Zhu Gudmar Thorleifsson Anna Helgadottir Daniel F Gudbjartsson Hilma Holm Isleifur Olafsson Masato Akiyama Saori Sakaue Chikashi Terao Masahiro Kanai Wei Zhou Ben M Brumpton Humaira Rasheed Sanni E Ruotsalainen Aki S Havulinna Yogasudha Veturi QiPing Feng Elisabeth A Rosenthal Todd Lingren Jennifer Allen Pacheco Sarah A Pendergrass Jeffrey Haessler Franco Giulianini Yuki Bradford Jason E Miller Archie Campbell Kuang Lin Iona Y Millwood George Hindy Asif Rasheed Jessica D Faul Wei Zhao David R Weir Constance Turman Hongyan Huang Mariaelisa Graff Anubha Mahajan Michael R Brown Weihua Zhang Ketian Yu Ellen M Schmidt Anita Pandit Stefan Gustafsson Xianyong Yin Jian'an Luan Jing-Hua Zhao Fumihiko Matsuda Hye-Mi Jang Kyungheon Yoon Carolina Medina-Gomez Achilleas Pitsillides Jouke Jan Hottenga Gonneke Willemsen Andrew R Wood Yingji Ji Zishan Gao Simon Haworth Ruth E Mitchell Jin Fang Chai Mette Aadahl Jie Yao Ani Manichaikul Helen R Warren Julia Ramirez Jette Bork-Jensen Line L Kårhus Anuj Goel Maria Sabater-Lleal Raymond Noordam Carlo Sidore Edoardo Fiorillo Aaron F McDaid Pedro Marques-Vidal Matthias Wielscher Stella Trompet Naveed Sattar Line T Møllehave Betina H Thuesen Matthias Munz Lingyao Zeng Jianfeng Huang Bin Yang Alaitz Poveda Azra Kurbasic Claudia Lamina Lukas Forer Markus Scholz Tessel E Galesloot Jonathan P Bradfield E Warwick Daw Joseph M Zmuda Jonathan S Mitchell Christian Fuchsberger Henry Christensen Jennifer A Brody Mary F Feitosa Mary K Wojczynski Michael Preuss Massimo Mangino Paraskevi Christofidou Niek Verweij Jan W Benjamins Jorgen Engmann Rachel L Kember Roderick C Slieker Ken Sin Lo Nuno R Zilhao Phuong Le Marcus E Kleber Graciela E Delgado Shaofeng Huo Dai Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA. Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA. Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Clinical Pharmacology William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Endocrinology Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA. Department of Genetic Epidemiology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany. McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine Washington University St Louis MO USA. Department of Precision Medicine Division of Genome Science National Institute of Health Cheongju-si South Korea. Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan. Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa. Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. Blizard Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Department of Epidemiology Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA USA. Atlanta VA Health Care System Decatur GA USA. Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center Gainesville FL USA. Division of Vascular Sur

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Author Correction: Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries

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Nature genetics 2023年第3期55卷 519-520页

作者： Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla Maria Timofeeva Zhishan Chen Philip Law Minta Thomas Stephanie Schmit Virginia Díez-Obrero Li Hsu Juan Fernandez-Tajes Claire Palles Kitty Sherwood Sarah Briggs Victoria Svinti Kevin Donnelly Susan Farrington James Blackmur Peter Vaughan-Shaw Xiao-Ou Shu Jirong Long Qiuyin Cai Xingyi Guo Yingchang Lu Peter Broderick James Studd Jeroen Huyghe Tabitha Harrison David Conti Christopher Dampier Mathew Devall Fredrick Schumacher Marilena Melas Gad Rennert Mireia Obón-Santacana Vicente Martín-Sánchez Ferran Moratalla-Navarro Jae Hwan Oh Jeongseon Kim Sun Ha Jee Keum Ji Jung Sun-Seog Kweon Min-Ho Shin Aesun Shin Yoon-Ok Ahn Dong-Hyun Kim Isao Oze Wanqing Wen Keitaro Matsuo Koichi Matsuda Chizu Tanikawa Zefang Ren Yu-Tang Gao Wei-Hua Jia John Hopper Mark Jenkins Aung Ko Win Rish Pai Jane Figueiredo Robert Haile Steven Gallinger Michael Woods Polly Newcomb David Duggan Jeremy Cheadle Richard Kaplan Timothy Maughan Rachel Kerr David Kerr Iva Kirac Jan Böhm Lukka-Pekka Mecklin Pekka Jousilahti Paul Knekt Lauri Aaltonen Harri Rissanen Eero Pukkala Johan Eriksson Tatiana Cajuso Ulrika Hänninen Johanna Kondelin Kimmo Palin Tomas Tanskanen Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo Brent Zanke Satu Männistö Demetrius Albanes Stephanie Weinstein Edward Ruiz-Narvaez Julie Palmer Daniel Buchanan Elizabeth Platz Kala Visvanathan Cornelia Ulrich Erin Siegel Stefanie Brezina Andrea Gsur Peter Campbell Jenny Chang-Claude Michael Hoffmeister Hermann Brenner Martha Slattery John Potter Konstantinos Tsilidis Matthias Schulze Marc Gunter Neil Murphy Antoni Castells Sergi Castellví-Bel Leticia Moreira Volker Arndt Anna Shcherbina Mariana Stern Bens Pardamean Timothy Bishop Graham Giles Melissa Southey Gregory Idos Kevin McDonnell Zomoroda Abu-Ful Joel Greenson Katerina Shulman Flavio Lejbkowicz Kenneth Offit Yu-Ru Su Robert Steinfelder Temitope Keku Bethany van Guelpen Thomas Hudson Heather Hampel Rachel Pearlman Sonja Berndt Richard Hayes Marie Elena Martinez Sushma Thomas Douglas Corley Paul Pharoah Susanna Larsson Yun Yen Heinz-Jo Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre Institute of Genomics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK. Genomic Medicine Group Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago Santiago de Compostela Spain. Colon Cancer Genetics Group Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK. Danish Institute for Advanced Study Department of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark. Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA. Division of Genetics and Epidemiology Institute of Cancer Research London UK. Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA. Genomic Medicine Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA. Population and Cancer Prevention Program Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Cleveland OH USA. Colorectal Cancer Group ONCOBELL Program Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona Spain. Oncology Data Analytics Program Catalan Institute of Oncology Barcelona Spain. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Madrid Madrid Spain. Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain. Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Washington Seattle WA USA. Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK. Department of Public Health Richard Doll Building University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA. Department of Preventive Medicine USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA. Center for Public Health Genomics Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA. De

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Development of Firewall Optimization Model Using by Packet Filter

Development of Firewall Optimization Model Using by Packet F...

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International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation, UKSIM

作者： Myo Thant Kyaw Zaw Ye Kyaw Myat Thu Si Thu Thant Sin Mandalay Division Defence Services Science and Technology Research Center PyiOoLwin Myanmar Department of Informatics and Computer Software System National Research University of Electronic Technology Zelenograd Moscow Russia Department of Automatic Control Systems Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow Russia Dept. of Comput. Sci. Nat. Res. Univ. of Electron. Technol. Zelenograd Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781509008896

This paper studies one particular aspect of providing communication security: firewall technology. This article provides a security framework in the form of packet filtering model within the firewall technology system and its components can be designed and evaluated. This paper introduces a reference model based on packet filtering firewall technology. All components are governed by a centralized security policy and they can be deployed in a distributed fashion to achieve scaling. This packet filtering firewall design is proven technology that provides confidentiality, integrity and availability in own information and network resources. The required design implement to set-up packet filtering firewall for network to protect and unauthorized access to our network. We describe the filtering process design depends on its underlying network technologies. The resulting security mechanism can be used as a bastion-host in the construction of firewall system.

关键词： Computational modeling Filtering Transport protocols Computers informatics Software

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Curriculum design and development of master's educational programs in IT area (through the example of international development of master programs 'Applied computing' and 'Product life cycle technological process efficiency' of TEMPUS SUCCESS and ACES projects)

Curriculum design and development of master's educational pr...

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International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning, ICL 2015

作者： Starodubtseva, Daria V. Zamyatina, Oxana M. Goncharuk, Yulia O. Digital Humanities Department of Faculty of Philosophy Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia Department of Applied Informatics Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia Department of Control System Optimization Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk Russia Tomsk Regional Teachers Professional Re-training Institute Tomsk Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479987078

The paper describes a technique for master's program design developed from the consolidated experience of the leading European and Russian universities through the example of two programs in mechanical engineering and IT. The article addresses the process of program development beginning with working with key stakeholders to identify the demand from labor market and the list of expected learning outcomes, and ending with the list of modules and disciplines represented by the curriculum. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Curricula

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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development

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Nature 2023年第7954期615卷 874-883页

作者： Anu Mishra Bin Zhou Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez Rosie K. Singleton Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco Kate E. Sheffer James E. Bennett Victor Lhoste Maria L. C. Iurilli Nowell H. Phelps Marisa K. Sophiea Edward W. Gregg Queenie Chan Amanda J. Cross Paul Elliott Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin Elio Riboli Evangelia Tzala Mark Woodward Majid Ezzati Honor Bixby David Goltzman Suzanne N. Morin Mariachiara Di Cesare Christopher J. Paciorek Farnam Mohebi James Bentham Gretchen A. Stevens Melanie J. Cowan Stefan Savin Leanne M. Riley Mohamed M. Ali Francesco Branca Goodarz Danaei Wafaie W. Fawzi Yanping Li Caleb Ochimana Dimitrios Trichopoulos Wichai Aekplakorn Nipa Rojroongwasinkul Paibul Suriyawongpaisal Uruwan Yamborisut Noor Ani Ahmad Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad Tahir Aris Azli Baharudin Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim Norazizah Ibrahim Wong Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff Mohd Azahadi Omar Rusidah Selamat Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff Ahmad A. Zainuddin Jennifer L. Baker Kristine Allin Anne A. Bjerregaard Thomas M. Dantoft Marie Eliasen Torben Jørgensen Freja B. Kampmann Line L. Kårhus Katja B. Leth-Møller Allan Linneberg Anja L. Madsen Line T. Møllehave Merete Osler Betina H. Thuesen Adela Chirita-Emandi Mihai Gafencu Iulia Jurca Simina Maria Puiu Farshad Farzadfar Naser Ahmadi Mehrdad Azmin Ali Ghanbari Erfan Ghasemi Rosa Haghshenas Parinaz Mehdipour Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Bahram Mohajer Shohreh Naderimagham Moein Yoosefi Günther Fink Mirjam Heinen Marta Buoncristiano Ivo Rakovac Kremlin Wickramasinghe Julianne Williams Nayu Ikeda Nobuo Nishi Andre P. Kengne Young-Ho Khang Tiina Laatikainen Sari Hantunen Jussi Kauhanen Jaakko Mursu Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen Jyrki K. Virtanen Ari Voutilainen Tuija Jääskeläinen Anne Juolevi Eero O. Kajantie Seppo Koskinen Kari Kuulasmaa Annamari Lundqvist Päivi Mäki Markku Peltonen Veikko Salomaa Hanna K. Tolonen Jaakko Tuomilehto Avula Laxmaiah Nimmathota Arlappa Nagalla Balakrishna Rachakulla Hari Kumar Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao Indrapal I. Meshram Jun Ma Yanhui Dong Pei Gao Yonghua Imperial College London London UK University of Oulu Oulu Finland University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia University of Ghana Accra Ghana McGill University Montreal Québec Canada University of Essex Colchester UK University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA University of Kent Canterbury UK World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom Thailand Ministry of Health Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara Romania Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran Iran Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland University of Basel Basel Switzerland World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen Denmark National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition Tokyo Japan South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland ICMR–National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad India Peking University Beijing China Duke University Durham NC USA Universidad de San Carlos Guatemala City Guatemala BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health Dhaka Bangladesh University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Croatian Institute of Public Health Zagreb Croatia GroundWork Geneva Switzerland Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social San José Costa Rica Al-Quds University East Jerusalem State of Palestine National Center of Public Health Astana Kazakhstan Qatar University Doha Qatar Ministry of Health and Social Protection Dushanbe Tajikistan Birzeit University Birzeit State of Palestine Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teachin

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.

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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting system (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Analysis of more than 400,000 women provides case-control evidence for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant classification

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4852页

作者： Maria Zanti Denise G O'Mahony Michael T Parsons Leila Dorling Joe Dennis Nicholas J Boddicker Wenan Chen Chunling Hu Marc Naven Kristia Yiangou Thomas U Ahearn Christine B Ambrosone Irene L Andrulis Antonis C Antoniou Paul L Auer Caroline Baynes Clara Bodelon Natalia V Bogdanova Stig E Bojesen Manjeet K Bolla Kristen D Brantley Nicola J Camp Archie Campbell Jose E Castelao Melissa H Cessna Jenny Chang-Claude Fei Chen Georgia Chenevix-Trench Don M Conroy Kamila Czene Arcangela De Nicolo Susan M Domchek Thilo Dörk Alison M Dunning A Heather Eliassen D Gareth Evans Peter A Fasching Jonine D Figueroa Henrik Flyger Manuela Gago-Dominguez Montserrat García-Closas Gord Glendon Anna González-Neira Felix Grassmann Andreas Hadjisavvas Christopher A Haiman Ute Hamann Steven N Hart Mikael B A Hartman Weang-Kee Ho James M Hodge Reiner Hoppe Sacha J Howell Anna Jakubowska Elza K Khusnutdinova Yon-Dschun Ko Peter Kraft Vessela N Kristensen James V Lacey Jingmei Li Geok Hoon Lim Sara Lindström Artitaya Lophatananon Craig Luccarini Arto Mannermaa Maria Elena Martinez Dimitrios Mavroudis Roger L Milne Kenneth Muir Katherine L Nathanson Rocio Nuñez-Torres Nadia Obi Janet E Olson Julie R Palmer Mihalis I Panayiotidis Alpa V Patel Paul D P Pharoah Eric C Polley Muhammad U Rashid Kathryn J Ruddy Emmanouil Saloustros Elinor J Sawyer Marjanka K Schmidt Melissa C Southey Veronique Kiak-Mien Tan Soo Hwang Teo Lauren R Teras Diana Torres Amy Trentham-Dietz Thérèse Truong Celine M Vachon Qin Wang Jeffrey N Weitzel Siddhartha Yadav Song Yao Gary R Zirpoli Melissa S Cline Peter Devilee Sean V Tavtigian David E Goldgar Fergus J Couch Douglas F Easton Amanda B Spurdle Kyriaki Michailidou Biostatistics Unit The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics Nicosia Cyprus. Department of Medical Genetics Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway. Population Health Program QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Division of Computational Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda MD USA. Department of Cancer Prevention and Control Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute Buffalo NY USA. Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada. Division of Biostatistics Data Science Institute and Cancer Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA. Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Department of Oncology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Population Science American Cancer Society Atlanta GA USA. Radiation Oncology Research Unit Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany. Copenhagen General Population Study Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Denmark. Department of Clinical Biochemistry Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev Denmark. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark. Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA. Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA. Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine Institute of Genetics & Cancer The University of Ed

Clinical genetic testing identifies variants causal for hereditary cancer, information that is used for risk assessment and clinical management. Unfortunately, some variants identified are of uncertain clinical significance (VUS), complicating patient management. Case-control data is one evidence type used to classify VUS. As an initiative of the Evidence-based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles (ENIGMA) Analytical Working Group we analyze germline sequencing data of BRCA1 and BRCA2 from 96,691 female breast cancer cases and 302,116 controls from three studies: the BRIDGES study of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, the Cancer Risk Estimates Related to Susceptibility consortium, and the UK Biobank. We observe 11,207 BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, with 6909 being coding, covering 23.4% of BRCA1 and BRCA2 VUS in ClinVar and 19.2% of ClinVar curated (likely) benign or pathogenic variants. Case-control likelihood ratio (ccLR) evidence is highly consistent with ClinVar assertions for (likely) benign or pathogenic variants; exhibiting 99.1% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity for BRCA1 and 93.3% sensitivity and 86.6% specificity for BRCA2. This approach provides case-control evidence for 787 unclassified variants; these include 579 with strong or moderate benign evidence and 10 with strong pathogenic evidence for which ccLR evidence is sufficient to alter clinical classification.

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The Canonical Theory of the Impulse Process Optimality

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Journal of Mathematical Sciences (United States) 2014年第6期199卷 646-653页

作者： Dykhta, V.A. Samsonyuk, O.N. Institute of System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS Russian Federation Institute of Mathematics Economics and Informatics of Irkutsk State University Irkutsk Russian Federation

The paper is devoted to the development of the canonical theory of the Hamilton-Jacobi optimality for nonlinear dynamical systems with controls of the vector measure type and with trajectories of bounded variation. Infinitesimal conditions of the strong and weak monotonicity of continuous Lyapunov-type functions with respect to the impulsive dynamical system are formulated. Necessary and sufficient conditions of the global optimality for the problem of the optimal impulsive control with general end restrictions are represented. The conditions include the sets of weak and strong monotone Lyapunov-type functions and are based on the reduction of the original problem of the optimal impulsive control a finite-dimensional optimization problem on an estimated set of connectable points. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

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Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population

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Nature communications 2023年第1期14卷 3043页

作者： Jianxin Shi Kouya Shiraishi Jiyeon Choi Keitaro Matsuo Tzu-Yu Chen Juncheng Dai Rayjean J Hung Kexin Chen Xiao-Ou Shu Young Tae Kim Maria Teresa Landi Dongxin Lin Wei Zheng Zhihua Yin Baosen Zhou Bao Song Jiucun Wang Wei Jie Seow Lei Song I-Shou Chang Wei Hu Li-Hsin Chien Qiuyin Cai Yun-Chul Hong Hee Nam Kim Yi-Long Wu Maria Pik Wong Brian Douglas Richardson Karen M Funderburk Shilan Li Tongwu Zhang Charles Breeze Zhaoming Wang Batel Blechter Bryan A Bassig Jin Hee Kim Demetrius Albanes Jason Y Y Wong Min-Ho Shin Lap Ping Chung Yang Yang She-Juan An Hong Zheng Yasushi Yatabe Xu-Chao Zhang Young-Chul Kim Neil E Caporaso Jiang Chang James Chung Man Ho Michiaki Kubo Yataro Daigo Minsun Song Yukihide Momozawa Yoichiro Kamatani Masashi Kobayashi Kenichi Okubo Takayuki Honda Dean H Hosgood Hideo Kunitoh Harsh Patel Shun-Ichi Watanabe Yohei Miyagi Haruhiko Nakayama Shingo Matsumoto Hidehito Horinouchi Masahiro Tsuboi Ryuji Hamamoto Koichi Goto Yuichiro Ohe Atsushi Takahashi Akiteru Goto Yoshihiro Minamiya Megumi Hara Yuichiro Nishida Kenji Takeuchi Kenji Wakai Koichi Matsuda Yoshinori Murakami Kimihiro Shimizu Hiroyuki Suzuki Motonobu Saito Yoichi Ohtaki Kazumi Tanaka Tangchun Wu Fusheng Wei Hongji Dai Mitchell J Machiela Jian Su Yeul Hong Kim In-Jae Oh Victor Ho Fun Lee Gee-Chen Chang Ying-Huang Tsai Kuan-Yu Chen Ming-Shyan Huang Wu-Chou Su Yuh-Min Chen Adeline Seow Jae Yong Park Sun-Seog Kweon Kun-Chieh Chen Yu-Tang Gao Biyun Qian Chen Wu Daru Lu Jianjun Liu Ann G Schwartz Richard Houlston Margaret R Spitz Ivan P Gorlov Xifeng Wu Ping Yang Stephen Lam Adonina Tardon Chu Chen Stig E Bojesen Mattias Johansson Angela Risch Heike Bickeböller Bu-Tian Ji H-Erich Wichmann David C Christiani Gadi Rennert Susanne Arnold Paul Brennan James McKay John K Field Sanjay S Shete Loic Le Marchand Geoffrey Liu Angeline Andrew Lambertus A Kiemeney Shan Zienolddiny-Narui Kjell Grankvist Mikael Johansson Angela Cox Fiona Taylor Jian-Min Yuan Philip Lazarus Matthew B Schabath Melinda C Aldrich Hyo-Sung Jeon Shih Sheng Jiang Jae Sook Sung C Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Rockville MD USA. jianxin.shi@nih.gov. Division of Genome Biology National Cancer Research Institute Tokyo Japan. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Rockville MD USA. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Nagoya Japan. Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers Prevention and Treatment Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology of Tianjin Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China. Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Nashville TN USA. Cancer Research Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea. Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Cancer Institute and Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang China. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Center of Evidence Based Medicine The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China. Department of Oncology Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan China. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China. S

Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (P = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications.

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