Symmetric alpha-stable (SαS) distribution has been widely used to model undesirable impulsive noise disturbance in many scenarios. Due to lack of probability density function (pdf) of SαS distribution (except Cauchy...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479935130
Symmetric alpha-stable (SαS) distribution has been widely used to model undesirable impulsive noise disturbance in many scenarios. Due to lack of probability density function (pdf) of SαS distribution (except Cauchy and Gaussian cases), the general closed-form expression of the bit error probability or symbol error probability for M-ary modulation schemes has not been derived yet, preventing the derivation of the exact coding gain from being feasible. By employing geometric power involved in zero-order statistics, we create a mapping mechanism which is consistently continuous along the entire range of characteristic values. Then we derive the accurate bit error probability and symbol error probability of M-ary modulation schemes under SaS noise. Our obtained derivations agree well with our simulations, which provide a unified framework for uncoded systems using M-ary modulation under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and additive white symmetric alpha-stable noise (AWSαSN). Also, it enables the design of capacity approaching codes especially for higher-order modulation scenarios.
Transducers based on dielectric electroactive polymers (DEAP) use the electrostatic pressure to convert electrical into mechanical energy or vice versa. Since the achieved actuation or energy gain depends on the appli...
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Transducers based on dielectric electroactive polymers (DEAP) use the electrostatic pressure to convert electrical into mechanical energy or vice versa. Since the achieved actuation or energy gain depends on the applied electric field, the authors present a model-based voltage control of a DEAP transducer driven by a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) with bidirectional energy flow. Therefore, first of all a model of the electric behavior of the DEAP is derived. Afterwards the DAB is described as an appropriate high voltage DC-DC converter topology to feed DEAPs. Based on the models of these two components, a discrete voltage controller is presented that ensures an operation with high dynamic and accuracy. Finally, the developed controller is validated by measurements feeding the DEAP transducer with the proposed DAB.
Cascading wind farm trips have brought new challenge to the wind power integration. Traditional reactive power optimization can achieve a desirable control result, but voltage security violation usually happens after ...
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A compound-structure permanent-magnet synchronous machine (CS-PMSM), which integrates two PMSMs, is a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) power train concept. In order to meet the requirement of wide speed range of HEV, an ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479951635
A compound-structure permanent-magnet synchronous machine (CS-PMSM), which integrates two PMSMs, is a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) power train concept. In order to meet the requirement of wide speed range of HEV, an axialaxial flux CS-PMSM with a new mechanical method of varying air gap to fulfill field-weakening control and to improve the operating speed range is investigated. The field-weakening principle of the axial-axial flux CS-PMSM with varying air gap is analyzed. The electromagnetic performances with air gaps varying are evaluated by 3D finite-element method (FEM). The principle of selecting original air gap is proposed with comprehensive consideration. The field weakening capability by varying air gap is evaluated based on the comparison with two other electric methods.
This paper studies the delay robustness of a class of periodically edge-event driven synchronous consensus protocols in time-invariant networks. These protocols have the benefits of improved performance at reduced com...
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This paper studies the delay robustness of a class of periodically edge-event driven synchronous consensus protocols in time-invariant networks. These protocols have the benefits of improved performance at reduced communication and computation costs. Under the assumption that all information links share a common time-varying transmission delay, we give non-conservative estimates of the maximum allowable time-delay and event-detecting period for solving the average consensus problem in terms of the algebraic structure of interaction topologies. Furthermore, rigorous stability analysis shows that the proposed technique is also applicable to the asynchronous consensus with multiple time-delays.
The increased traffic flow on both existing highways and city roads leads to the appearance of stop-and-go waves which have many disadvantages, e.g., increased risk of accidents, higher fuel consumption, increased pol...
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The increased traffic flow on both existing highways and city roads leads to the appearance of stop-and-go waves which have many disadvantages, e.g., increased risk of accidents, higher fuel consumption, increased pollution, increased wear of vehicle mechanical parts, driving stress and passenger discomfort. The platooning of vehicles could be the solution to this problem by enforcing them to follow each other and to maintain a safe distance between them. The advantages brought by this solution depend on ensuring the string stability of the vehicle platoon. In this paper the leader-follower system is employed to illustrate the stop-and-go waves mitigation. Several controllers (P, PI) were designed based on the conditions that have to be met in order to ensure the string stability of the vehicle platoon and comparisons were made with a controller based on the driver behavior.
Application servers (AS) of virtualized platform may suffer from software aging problem. In this paper, we first formulate the system model including three virtual machines. Two of them act as the main servers, and th...
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Application servers (AS) of virtualized platform may suffer from software aging problem. In this paper, we first formulate the system model including three virtual machines. Two of them act as the main servers, and the third machine acts as the backup node. The motivation of our formulated model is that the relationship between the service provider and the service maintainer is collaborative as well as having different goals between them, the service provider as a leader wants to maximize his system availability, while the service maintainer wants to minimize his maintenance cost. Thus, the problem of maximizing availability and minimizing cost between the service provider and service maintainer is Stackelberg game based. Next, we assume that the AS degradation is caused by resource consumption due to memory leaks for the AS on the active VMs, and we present the system degradation states based on Markov renewal processes. We give the analytical definitions of threshold levels for R alert at each VM, which are used to determine the optimal rejuvenation schedules. In addition, we obtain the steady-state availability expressions for the system and the mean maintenance cost. Finally, we give the Stackelberg strategy with the open-loop information and the solutions for the game theory by a numerical illustration.
In addition to simplicity, the DTC of the IM allows a good torque control in steady-state and transient operating conditions. However, high torque ripple is produced, which is reflected in speed estimation responses. ...
In addition to simplicity, the DTC of the IM allows a good torque control in steady-state and transient operating conditions. However, high torque ripple is produced, which is reflected in speed estimation responses. It also increases acoustical noise and makes the voltage source inverter operated in high and variable switching frequency, requiring a high sampling frequency. In this paper, a simple effective ANN-based DTC of the induction machine is proposed. Neural networks with a simple architecture are designed and implemented in influential points of the direct torque control block of the three phase induction machine in order to improve its dynamic performance while preserving the DTC structure simplicity as much as possible. In particular, this paper proposes to reduce, on the one hand, the torque ripple and commutation frequency. Neural comparators are used to select the appropriate bandwidth for the torque and flux hysteresis controllers. Their aim is to optimize the ripple level in the developed torque and flux. On the other hand, a neural speed controller is designed in order to improve the system ability to respond rapidly to changes in process variables and mitigate the effects of external perturbations. The performance of the proposed control are tested in simulation and highlighted by comparing to the conventional DTC control based on conventional hysteresis comparators and conventional PI speed controller. The obtained results show the feasibility and good performances of the proposed control.
Along with the increasing prosperity of market economy and the growth of online retail, express shipping service (e.g. FedEx, UPS) is playing an increasingly important role in our daily lives. A thorough understanding...
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Along with the increasing prosperity of market economy and the growth of online retail, express shipping service (e.g. FedEx, UPS) is playing an increasingly important role in our daily lives. A thorough understanding of the network structure and the package traffic dynamics of largescale express shipping service network (ExpressNet) is essential for performance evaluation, network optimization, and user experience enhancement. Moreover, it would also be interesting and helpful to investigate how express shipping service reflects people's daily lives. In this paper, we propose systematic work to characterize and model the traffic dynamics in a nationwide ExpressNet. We collect 16 million delivery traces over 4 months in China, and examine its characteristics from a wide range of perspective, including network structure, temporal and spatial traffic dynamics, which provide important insights into express companies to better understand the network performance. On top of that, we develop an Extended Markov Model (EMM) to capture the dynamics of package delivery process and further predict the package delay, which is a major performance metric that both customers and express companies are concerned about. Data-based evaluation shows our model can achieve 91% prediction accuracy.
In this paper, we address a new consensus problem of coordinately steering a group of multi-agents under directed information flow along a three-dimensional reference path without temporal constraint. The spatial refe...
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In this paper, we address a new consensus problem of coordinately steering a group of multi-agents under directed information flow along a three-dimensional reference path without temporal constraint. The spatial reference path is newly defined by algebraic implicit expressions and the path-following kinematic-error dynamics are then formulated for each agent using two path-following errors and a speed tracking error. Distinct from the stabilizing feedback control design of the path-following problem for a single agent, the proposed new feedback control algorithm augmented with consensus disagreement terms could achieve both the reference goal seeking and consensus during transition. To show effectiveness of the proposed concept, simulation results are included in the end.
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