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2024 International Conference on Advances in electrical and Communication Technologies, ICAECOT 2024

作者： Hamrioui, Fatma Zohra Bouaza, Abdelmaoula Touhami, Rachida Yagoub, Mustapha C.E. Azrar, Arab Electronic Department 10 Rue des Frères OUDEK El Harrach Algiers16200 Algeria Usthb university Bp32 Instrumentation laboratory Electronics and Informatics faculty El Alia Bab Ezzouar Algiers Algeria University of Ottawa Element laboratory School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ottawa Canada Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University M'Hamed BOUGARA-Boumerdes Signals and Systems Laboratory Electronics Department Boumerdes Algeria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353754

In this paper, a novel dual-band MIMO monopole antenna for 5G applications is presented. The proposed MIMO antenna is made up of two rings that are T-shaped, generating two distinguished bands: the N77 band and the 6 GHz 5G band. A Tshaped ground branch with a bottom slit is integrated into the ground plane to mitigate the mutual coupling at lower and higher operating bands by redistributing the current, thus improving the isolation enhancement. A reversed T-shaped grounded parasitic element with extra grounded parasitic elements on the partial ground is inserted on top of the substrate, between the MIMO elements. The grounded process is introduced by inserting two metallic vias in each branch of the parasitic element. These parasitic elements effectively reduce the coupling between the MIMO antennas by restricting the current to the respective antenna, thus improving the isolation at the higher band. To verify the design principle of the suggested MIMO antenna, this latter is manufactured and tested. It exhibits excellent impedance matching and high isolation characteristics, and a compact footprint of 29 mm × 42.5 mm. Thus, it is attractive for 5G MIMO systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Monopole antennas

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A Globally Convergent Method for Computing B-stationary Points of Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Nurkanovic, Armin Leyffer, Sven Systems Control and Optimization Laboratory Department of Microsystems Engineering University of Freiburg Germany Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory United States

This paper introduces a method that globally converges to Bstationary points of mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs) in a finite number of iterations. B-stationarity is necessary for optimality and means that no feasible first-order direction improves the objective. Given a feasible point of an MPEC, B-stationarity can be certified by solving a linear program with equilibrium constraints (LPEC) constructed at this point. The proposed method solves a sequence of LPECs, which either certify B-stationarity or provide an active-set estimate for the complementarity constraints, and nonlinear programs (NLPs) - referred to as branch NLPs (BNLPs) - obtained by fixing the active set in the MPEC. A BNLP is more regular than the MPEC, easier to solve, and with the correct active set, its solution coincides with the solution of the MPEC. The method has two phases: the first phase identifies a feasible BNLP or certifies local infeasibility, and the second phase solves a finite sequence of BNLPs until a B-stationary point of the MPECis found. The paper provides a detailed convergence analysis and discusses implementation details. In addition, extensive numerical experiments and an open-source software implementation are provided. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is more robust and faster than relaxation-based methods, while also providing a certificate of B-stationarity without requiring the usual too-restrictive *** Codes 90C30, 90C33, 49M37, 65K10, 90C11 © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Nonlinear programming

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A distributed algorithm with network-independent step-size and event-triggered mechanism for economic dispatch problem

A distributed algorithm with network-independent step-size a...

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作者： Chen, Baitong Yang, Jianhua Lu, Wei Pedrycz, Witold Sun, Changhai School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2R3 Canada Institute of Systems Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology SARTaipa 999078 China Research Center of Performance and Productivity Analysis Istinye University Istanbul Turkey School of Electrical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China

The economic dispatch problem (EDP) poses a significant challenge in energy management for modern power systems, particularly as these systems undergo expansion. This growth escalates the demand for communication resources and increases the risk of communication failures. To address this challenge, we propose a distributed algorithm with network-independent step sizes and an event-triggered mechanism, which reduces communication requirements and enhances adaptability. Unlike traditional methods, our algorithm uses network-independent step sizes derived from each agent's local cost functions, thus eliminating the need for detailed network topology knowledge. The theoretical derivation identifies a range of step size values that depend solely on the objective function's strong convexity and the gradient's Lipschitz continuity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is shown to achieve a linear convergence rate, assuming the event triggering threshold criteria are met for linear convergence. Numerical experiments further validate the effectiveness and advantages of our proposed distributed algorithm by demonstrating its ability to maintain good convergence characteristics while reducing communication frequency. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Cost functions

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AD-L-JEPA: Self-Supervised Spatial World Models with Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture for Autonomous Driving with LiDAR Data

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhu, Haoran Dong, Zhenyuan Topollai, Kristi Choromanska, Anna Learning Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University 370 Jay Street NY United States

As opposed to human drivers, current autonomous driving systems still require vast amounts of labeled data to train. Recently, world models have been proposed to simultaneously enhance autonomous driving capabilities by improving the way these systems understand complex real-world environments and reduce their data demands via self-supervised pre-training. In this paper, we present AD-L-JEPA (aka Autonomous Driving with LiDAR data via a Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture), a novel self-supervised pre-training framework for autonomous driving with LiDAR data that, as opposed to existing methods, is neither generative nor contrastive. Our method learns spatial world models with a joint embedding predictive architecture. Instead of explicitly generating masked unknown regions, our self-supervised world models predict Bird’s Eye View (BEV) embeddings to represent the diverse nature of autonomous driving scenes. Our approach furthermore eliminates the need to manually create positive and negative pairs, as is the case in contrastive learning. AD-L-JEPA leads to simpler implementation and enhanced learned representations. We qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate high-quality of embeddings learned with AD-L-JEPA. We furthermore evaluate the accuracy and label efficiency of AD-L-JEPA on popular downstream tasks such as LiDAR 3D object detection and associated transfer learning. Notably, our method achieves up to a 5× speed-up in pre-training time compared with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches and consistently delivers better performance when fine-tuned on different amounts of labeled data compared to SOTA. More impressively, the experiments show that even when the first layers of the encoders of ADL-JEPA are randomly initialized while the remaining layers are initialized as pre-trained, our method still yields positive transfers, whereas the competitor method suffer from the negative transfers in this case. Systematic experimental results demonstrate that

关键词： Labeled data

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computer Vision Approaches for Automated Bee Counting Application

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第9期58卷 43-48页

作者： Simon Bilik Ilona Janakova Adam Ligocki Dominik Ficek Karel Horak Department of Control and Instrumentation Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic and Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Laboratory Department of Computational Engineering Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT Lappeenranta Finland Department of Control and Instrumentation Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic

Many application from the bee colony health state monitoring could be efficiently solved using a computer vision techniques. One of such challenges is an efficient way for counting the number of incoming and outcoming bees, which could be used to further analyse many trends, such as the bee colony health state, blooming periods, or for investigating the effects of agricultural spraying. In this paper, we compare three methods for the automated bee counting over two own datasets. The best performing method is based on the ResNet-50 convolutional neural network classifier, which achieved accuracy of 87% over the BUT1 dataset and the accuracy of 93% over the BUT2 dataset.

关键词： Signal Processing Biomedical systems bee counting bee traffic monitoring computer vision deep classification object detection

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NS3-Based Communication Network Modeling for Multi-Microgrid systems: Design and Evaluation

NS3-Based Communication Network Modeling for Multi-Microgrid...

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2025 IEEE Green Technologies Conference, GreenTech 2025

作者： Ali, Ola Mohammed, Osama A. Florida International University Energy Systems Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MiamiFL33174 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520182

This paper presents a communication emulation model for enhancing the efficiency of multi-microgrid (MMG) networks, employing Network Simulator 3 (ns3). MMG systems require robust communication frameworks for coordination, particularly under varying traffic conditions. The introduced model accommodates multiple local area networks (LANs) that support efficient communication across multiple autonomous AC microgrids. The developed model facilitates seamless bidirectional information exchange between the microgrids' local controllers and the MMG control center (MMGCC), employing TCP/IP protocol to ensure high data transmission integrity and low latency. A detailed design in C + is demonstrated, including the configuration of the communication nodes, topology, communication links, and quality of service (QoS) analysis. The network performance is rigorously assessed across low and high traffic conditions, with performance metrics such as throughput, delay, and percentage packet loss at each node. Results confirm the effectiveness of the introduced model in sustaining minimal packet loss, high throughput, and low delays under dynamic operating scenarios. These findings establish the developed model as a viable solution for meeting the real-time communication requirements of MMG energy management systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Transmission control protocol

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Real-time Pricing Mechanism for V2G Using Distributed Bilevel Optimization 63

Real-time Pricing Mechanism for V2G Using Distributed Bileve...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and control, CDC 2024

作者： You, Jiawei Dai, Xinliang Jiang, Yuning Yin, Haoyu Shi, Yuanming Jones, Colin N. ShanghaiTech University School of Information Science and Technology China Epfl Switzerland Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Germany Epfl Automatic Control Laboratory Switzerland Washington University in St. Louis Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

This paper explores the impact of the burgeoning electric vehicle (EV) presence on distribution grid operations, highlighting the challenges they present to conventional pricing strategies due to their dual role as power consumers and suppliers, coupled with their energy storage capabilities. We propose an advanced real-time pricing model for the electricity market, employing a novel distributed bilevel optimization framework. This framework distinguishes between the distribution system operator (DSO) at the upper level and the EVs at the lower level, each aiming to optimize profit margins. The optimization includes power flow constraints at the upper level to ensure efficient operation within safe system limits, while model predictive control (MPC) is used to optimize lower-level EV responses. Additionally, we provide a rigorous convergence analysis of the proposed bilevel optimization method. Detailed convergence studies and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Predictive control systems

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Resilient Operation of DC Standalone Microgrids: Experimental Validation of Hybrid RNN-PI control for Pulse Load Management

Resilient Operation of DC Standalone Microgrids: Experimenta...

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2025 IEEE Green Technologies Conference, GreenTech 2025

作者： Aghmadi, Ahmed Mohammed, Osama A. Florida International University Energy Systems Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MiamiFL33174 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520182

Effective energy storage system (ESS) management is critical for enhancing the performance of standalone DC microgrids, particularly when integrating renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) or wind systems. This research describes a new hybrid control technique to improve DC microgrid operations' efficiency and resiliency, especially when handling critical loads. This research presents a hybrid closed-loop control technique that uses Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers to address the complex issues of dynamic load situations and transient disturbances. The RNN evaluates voltage errors to generate accurate reference currents, which the PI controllers then adjust to improve the performance of the bidirectional converter. Unlike standard PI-PI controls, our hybrid approach is particularly effective at regulating pulsed power loads (PPLs) and enhancing system response to transitory situations. The experimental results show that the RNN-PI control scheme significantly improves voltage regulation and transient responsiveness, exceeding conventional performance and resilience techniques. This approach provides a convincing solution for enhancing microgrid systems' stability and efficiency in various real-world applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Electric load distribution

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Multifractal Terrain Generation for Evaluating Autonomous Off-Road Ground Vehicles

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Majhor, Casey D. Bos, Jeremy P. Robust Autonomous Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan Technological University HoughtonMI49931 United States

We present a multifractal artificial terrain generation method that uses the 3D Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function to control roughness. By varying the fractal dimension used in terrain generation across three different values, we generate 60 unique off-road terrains. We use gradient maps to categorize the roughness of each terrain, consisting of low-, semi-, and high-roughness areas. To test how the fractal dimension affects the difficulty of vehicle traversals, we measure the success rates, vertical accelerations, pitch and roll rates, and traversal times of an autonomous ground vehicle traversing 20 randomized straight-line paths in each terrain. As we increase the fractal dimension from 2.3 to 2.45 and from 2.45 to 2.6, we find that the median area of low-roughness terrain decreases 13.8% and 7.16%, the median area of semi-rough terrain increases 11.7% and 5.63%, and the median area of high-roughness terrain increases 1.54% and 3.33%, all respectively. We find that the median success rate of the vehicle decreases 22.5% and 25% as the fractal dimension increases from 2.3 to 2.45 and from 2.45 to 2.6, respectively. Successful traversal results show that the median root-mean-squared vertical accelerations, median root-mean-squared pitch and roll rates, and median traversal times all increase with the fractal dimension. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Off road vehicles

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MARS: Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time Workflow Scheduling in Hybrid Clouds with Privacy Protection 30

MARS: Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time ...

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30th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed systems, ICPADS 2024

作者： Cheng, Long He, Haoyang Gu, Yan Liu, Qingzhi Zhao, Zhiming Fang, Fang North China Electric Power University State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources School of Control and Computer Engineering Beijing China Wageningen University and Research Information Technology Group Netherlands University of Amsterdam Research Group of Multi-Scale Networked Systems Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515966

Scheduling workflows in hybrid cloud environments presents significant challenges due to the inherent complexity of workflows and the dynamic nature of cloud resources. This complexity is further increased when attempting to balance workflow performance with privacy protection. Recent efforts have leveraged deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to address these challenges. However, most of these approaches rely on single-agent models, which can lead to security issues and scalability problems due to their centralized processing. Specifically, the properties of workflows are transferred to the single agent, which risks leaking privacy information. Our paper addresses these issues by introducing MARS, a real-time workflow scheduling method that prioritizes privacy protection in hybrid clouds. MARS leverages multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) to optimize the workflow scheduling of cloud virtual machines (VMs). The benefit of our solution is that it relies on the collaborative learning of multi-agents on multiple VMs, which could assign user data to specific cloud servers for privacy protection while sharing training experiences between agents. In our implementation, MARS aims to reduce workflow completion time and operational costs while complying with strict privacy protection guidelines. The experimental results demonstrate that MARS can significantly surpass existing methods, reducing makespan by an average of 53.18% and costs by 61.98% compared to basic techniques, and achieving 20.26% and 25.71% improvements over the latest advanced methods, respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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