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25th IEEE Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications, SPA 2022

作者： Wzorek, Piotr Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Agh University of Science and Technology Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics Kraków Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Digital Systems Gliwice Poland

ISBN: (数字)9788362065424

ISBN: (纸本)9788362065424

In recent years, event cameras (DVS - Dynamic Vision Sensors) have been used in vision systems as an alternative or supplement to traditional cameras. They are characterised by high dynamic range, high temporal resolution, low latency, and reliable performance in limited lighting conditions - parameters that are particularly important in the context of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and self-driving cars. In this work, we test whether these rather novel sensors can be applied to the popular task of traffic sign detection. To this end, we analyse different representations of the event data: event frame, event frequency, and the exponentially decaying time surface, and apply video frame reconstruction using a deep neural network called FireNet. We use the deep convolutional neural network YOLOv4 as a detector. For particular representations, we obtain a detection accuracy in the range of 86.9-88.9% mAP@0.5. The use of a fusion of the considered representations allows us to obtain a detector with higher accuracy of 89.9% mAP@0.5. In comparison, the detector for the frames reconstructed with FireNet is characterised by an accuracy of 72.67% mAP@0.5. The results obtained illustrate the potential of event cameras in automotive applications, either as standalone sensors or in close cooperation with typical frame-based cameras. © 2022 Division of Signal Processing and Electronic systems, Poznan University of Technology (DSPES PUT).

关键词： Cameras

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LiFT: Lightweight, FPGA-tailored 3D object detection based on LiDAR data

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lis, Konrad Kryjak, Tomasz Gorgoń, Marek Embedded Vision Systems Group Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Krakow Al. Mickiewicza 30 Krakow30-059 Poland

This paper presents LiFT, a lightweight, fully quantized 3D object detection algorithm for LiDAR data, optimized for real-time inference on FPGA platforms. Through an in-depth analysis of FPGA-specific limitations, we identify a set of FPGA-induced constraints that shape the algorithm’s design. These include a computational complexity limit of 30 GMACs (billion multiply-accumulate operations), INT8 quantization for weights and activations, 2D cell-based processing instead of 3D voxels, and minimal use of skip connections. To meet these constraints while maximizing performance, LiFT combines novel mechanisms with state-of-the-art techniques such as reparameterizable convolutions and fully sparse architecture. Key innovations include the Dual-bound Pillar Feature Net, which boosts performance without increasing complexity, and an efficient scheme for INT8 quantization of input features. With a computational cost of just 20.73 GMACs, LiFT stands out as one of the few algorithms targeting minimal-complexity 3D object detection. Among comparable methods, LiFT ranks first, achieving an mAP of 51.84% and an NDS of 61.01% on the challenging NuScenes validation dataset. The code will be available at https://***/vision-agh/lift. © 2025, CC BY.

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Model Predictive control with Model Error Compensation by Koopman Approach 48

Model Predictive Control with Model Error Compensation by Ko...

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48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2022

作者： Kanai, Masaki Yamakita, Masaki R&d Group Hitachi Ltd. Controls and Robotics Innovation Center Ibaraki Japan Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Systems and Control Engineering Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (数字)9781665480253

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480253

This study proposes a method for high-performance model predictive control (MPC) by using a lifted bilinear model error model (MEM) based on the Koopman approach to compensate for errors in the prediction model. In MPC, more accurate prediction models can be expected to provide better control performance for the real plant. However, there often exist modeling errors in the prediction model, which may prevent MPC from achieving good performance. In this study, we identify the errors in the nominal model as an MEM, and formulate an MPC that integrates the nominal model and the MEM into an "error-compensated model"as a prediction model. We model the MEM with a lifted bilinear model that can represent nonlinear characteristics based on Koopman's theory. In addition, an efficient linear MPC algorithm is constructed by linearizing the MEM while maintaining high prediction accuracy. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Model predictive control

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A Negative Imaginary Solution to an Aircraft Platooning Problem

A Negative Imaginary Solution to an Aircraft Platooning Prob...

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European control Conference (ECC)

作者： Yu-Hsiang Su Parijat Bhowmick Alexander Lanzon Department of EEE Control Systems and Robotics Group School of Engineering University of Manchester Manchester UK Department of EEE IIT Guwahati Assam India

ISBN: (数字)9783907144107

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540920

Over the next decade, the growth of commercial aircraft is expected to increase by 30%, causing significant challenges in air traffic management and control. To address this problem, we propose the idea of aircraft platooning during the descending and pre-landing phases. The objective is to design a distributed flight guidance and control system that assists onboard pilots in finding a feasible and collision-free trajectory from descent to pre-landing. The proposed aircraft platoon control scheme comprises a feedback linearising controller in the inner loop that transforms the nonlinear aircraft dynamics into a MIMO double-integrator, inherently a Negative Imaginary system. The outer loop employs a distributed output feedback Strictly Negative Imaginary controller, enabling networked aeroplanes to maintain the desired inter-aircraft spacing along each coordinate by synchronising their velocities. In addition, a contingency strategy is proposed to handle potential runway failures (e.g. sudden blockage, damage, etc.) by switching a descending aircraft platoon into a time-varying hover formation for each aircraft, maintaining a safe vertical gap. Finally, a comprehensive MATLAB simulation case study is conducted to test the feasibility and performance of the NI theory-based aircraft platoon control scheme.

关键词： Contingency management Transforms Switches Aerodynamics Nonlinear dynamical systems Trajectory Air traffic control

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Multiplier analysis of Lurye systems with power signals 63

Multiplier analysis of Lurye systems with power signals

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and control, CDC 2024

作者： Heath, William P. Carrasco, Joaquin Bangor University School of Computer Science and Engineering Dean St LL57 1UT United Kingdom Nancy Rothwell Building University of Manchester Control Systems and Robotics Group Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering M13 9PL United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

Multipliers can be used to guarantee both the Lyapunov stability and input-output stability of Lurye systems with time-invariant memoryless slope-restricted nonlinearities. If a dynamic multiplier is used there is no guarantee the closedloop system has finite incremental gain. It has been suggested in the literature that without this guarantee such a system may be critically sensitive to time-varying exogenous signals including noise. We show that multipliers guarantee the power gain of the system to be bounded and quantifiable. Furthermore power may be measured about an appropriate steady state bias term, provided the multiplier does not require the nonlinearity to be odd. Hence dynamic multipliers can be used to guarantee Lurye systems have low sensitivity to noise, provided other exogenous systems have constant steady state. We illustrate the analysis with an example where the exogenous signal is a power signal with non-zero mean. © 2024 IEEE.

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Towards Instance Segmentation-Based Litter Collection with Multi-Rotor Aerial Vehicle

Towards Instance Segmentation-Based Litter Collection with M...

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International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft systems (ICUAS)

作者： Filip Zoric Antonio Franchi Matko Orsag Zdenko Kovacic Chiara Gabellieri Laboratory for Robotics and Intelligent Control Systems (LARICS) at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia Robotics and Mechatronics Group from the University of Twente Department of Computer Control and Management Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798350357882

ISBN: (纸本)9798350357899

This paper presents a novel aerial robotics application of instance segmentation-based floating litter collection with a multi-rotor aerial vehicle (MRAV). In the scope of the paper, we present a review of the available datasets for litter detection and segmentation. The reviewed datasets are used to train a Mask-RCNN neural network for instance segmentation. The neural network is off-board deployed on an edge computing device and used for litter position estimation. Based on the estimated litter position, we plan a path based on a quadratic Bezier curve for the litter pickup. We compare different trajectory generation methods for the object pickup. The system is verified in a laboratory environment. Eventually, we present practical considerations and improvements necessary to enable autonomous litter collection with MRAV.

关键词： Instance segmentation Reviews Neural networks Laboratories Estimation Trajectory Aircraft

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MSCEqF: A Multi State Constraint Equivariant Filter for Vision-aided Inertial Navigation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fornasier, Alessandro van Goor, Pieter Allak, Eren Mahony, Robert Weiss, Stephan The Control of Networked Systems Group University of Klagenfurt Austria The System Theory and Robotics Lab Australian National University Australia

This letter re-visits the problem of visual-inertial navigation system (VINS) and presents a novel filter design we dub the multi state constraint equivariant filter (MSCEqF, in analogy to the well known MSCKF). We define a symmetry group and corresponding group action that allow specifically the design of an equivariant filter for the problem of visual-inertial odometry (VIO) including IMU bias, and camera intrinsic and extrinsic calibration states. In contrast to state-of-the-art invariant extended Kalman filter (IEKF) approaches that simply tack IMU bias and other states onto the SE2(3) group, our filter builds upon a symmetry that properly includes all the states in the group structure. Thus, we achieve improved behavior, particularly when linearization points largely deviate from the truth (i.e., on transients upon state disturbances). Our approach is inherently consistent even during convergence phases from significant errors without the need for error uncertainty adaptation, observability constraint, or other consistency enforcing techniques. This leads to greatly improved estimator behavior for significant error and unexpected state changes during, e.g., long-duration missions. We evaluate our approach with a multitude of different experiments using three different prominent real-world datasets. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Errors

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Pedestrian detection with high-resolution event camera

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Wzorek, Piotr Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Krakow Poland

Despite the dynamic development of computer vision algorithms, the implementation of perception and control systems for autonomous vehicles such as drones and self-driving cars still poses many challenges. A video stream captured by traditional cameras is often prone to problems such as motion blur or degraded image quality due to challenging lighting conditions. In addition, the frame rate – typically 30 or 60 frames per second – can be a limiting factor in certain scenarios. Event cameras (DVS – Dynamic Vision Sensor) are a potentially interesting technology to address the above mentioned problems. In this paper, we compare two methods of processing event data by means of deep learning for the task of pedestrian detection. We used a representation in the form of video frames, convolutional neural networks and asynchronous sparse convolutional neural networks. The results obtained illustrate the potential of event cameras and allow the evaluation of the accuracy and efficiency of the methods used for high-resolution (1280 x 720 pixels) footage. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Cameras

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Pedestrian detection with high-resolution event camera

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Wzorek, Piotr Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Krakow Poland

关键词： Cameras

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Lifted Bilinear Model-based Linear Model Predictive control with Scalability

引用

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 9405-9410页

作者： Masaki Kanai Masaki Yamakita Controls and Robotics Innovation Center Research & Development Group Ltd. Hitachi Ibaraki Japan Department of Systems and Control Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan

We propose a novel linear model predictive control (MPC) using a lifted bilinear model based on Koopman theory, which is computationally scalable against the dimension of the target system and the prediction horizon length. In MPC, the accuracy of the prediction model determines control performance, but it is a challenge to reduce the computational cost especially when considering nonlinearity of the model. To address this, a method has been proposed which represents the nonlinear input affine system as a lifted bilinear model and utilizes linear approximation and prediction error correction regarding the lifted state to achieve a low-computational-cost linear MPC with equivalent performance to nonlinear MPC. However, although the previous studies have shown its effectiveness for relatively low-order systems, it has not been applied to practical systems with higher dimensions. In this study, we extend the conventional method and propose a scalable linear MPC using a lifted bilinear model and apply it to higher-order nonlinear systems. In this paper, a quadrotor system operating in three-dimensional space is considered and its analytical lifted bilinear model is derived. In the formulation of linear MPC using the lifted bilinear model, an error correction method is newly introduced to feedback error for adjustment of the numerical relationships among the elements in the lifted state. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations.

关键词： Model predictive control Koopman theory Lifting linearization Bilinear system

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