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BENCHIP： Benchmarking Intelligence Processors

Journal of computer Science & Technology 2018年第1期33卷 1-23页

作者： Jin-Hua Tao Zi-Dong Du Qi Guo Hui-Ying Lan Lei Zhang Sheng-Yuan Zhou Ling-Jie Xu Cong Liu Hai-Feng Liu Shah Tang Allen Rush Willian Chen Shao-Li Liu Yun-Ji Chen Tian-Shi Chen State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China School of Computer and Control Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Intelligent Processor Research Center Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Cambricon Ltd. Beijing 100190 China A libaba Infrastructure Service A libaba Group Hangzhou 311121 China Iflytek Co. Ltd. Hefei 230088 China Beijing Jingdong Century Trading Co. Ltd. Beijing 100176 China RDA Microdectronics Inc. Shanghai 201203 China Advanced Micro Devices Inc. Sunnyvale CA 94085 U.S.A.

The increasing attention on deep learning has tremendously spurred the design of intelligence processing hardware. The variety of emerging intelligence processors requires standard benchmarks for fair comparison and system optimization （in both software and hardware）. However, existing benchmarks are unsuitable for benchmarking intelligence processors due to their non-diversity and nonrepresentativeness. Also, the lack of a standard benchmarking methodology further exacerbates this problem. In this paper, we propose BENCHIP, a benchmark suite and benchmarking methodology for intelligence processors. The benchmark suite in BENCHIP consists of two sets of benchmarks： microbenchmarks and macrobenchmarks. The microbenchmarks consist of single-layer networks, They are mainly designed for bottleneck analysis and system optimization. The macrobenchmarks contain state-of-the-art industrial networks, so as to offer a realistic comparison of different platforms. We also propose a standard benchmarking methodology built upon an industrial software stack and evaluation metrics that comprehensively reflect various characteristics of the evaluated intelligence processors, BENCHIP is utilized for evaluating various hardware platforms, including CPUs, GPUs, and accelerators. BENCHIP will be open-sourced soon.

关键词： deep learning intelligence processor benchmark

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Machining induced damage in orthogonal cutting of UD composites: FEA based assessment of Hashin and Puck criteria

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Procedia CIRP 2019年 82卷 332-337页

作者： F. Cepero-Mejias V.A. Phadnis J.L. Curiel-Sosa Industrial Doctorate Centre in Machining Science The University of Sheffield Sir Frederick Mappin Building Mappin Street S1 3JD Sheffield United Kingdom Computer-Aided Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering (CA2M) Research Group Sir Frederick Mappin Building Mappin Street S1 3JD Sheffield United Kingdom Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Sheffield Sir Frederick Mappin Building Mappin Street S1 3JD Sheffield United Kingdom AMRC with Boeing Advanced Manufacturing Park Wallis Way Catcliff Rotherham S605TZ United Kingdom.

FE models offer a promising virtual alternative to study machining responses of composites, thereby allowing an informed selection of favorable cutting parameters. Appropriate mathematical schemes are needed to predict damage initiation in fibrous composites; Hashin and Puck failure criteria are the most commonly used for this purpose. This work focusses on the assessment of these criteria to predict ply-level damage in orthogonal cutting of unidirectional composites. A novel algorithm accounting for strain-softening after damage initiation is also proposed. Efficacy of the developed FE model is shown by simulating effects of the cutter tool on the damage of underlying workpiece.

关键词： Composite Damage Hashin failure criteria Orthogonal cutting Puck failure criteria Finite element

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Overall optimization of operation cost of the boiler and SCR in coal-fired power plants

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1585卷

作者： Wei Li Qiang Xu Dean Kong Xiang Zhao Ning Gao Xuguang Lv Xinjiang Xinneng Group Co. LTD. Urumqi Electric Power Construction and Commissioning Institute Urumqi 830013 China State Grid XinJiang Company Limited Electric Power Research Institute Urumqi 830011 China School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China.

Coal-fired power plants are usually equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. In this paper, we considered both the denitrification cost of the SCR system and the coal burning cost of the boiler to develop an operation cost model. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm was proposed to minimize the total operation cost by optimizing the feature parameters, including the primary air pressure, secondary air volume, overheated air volume, and NH3 injection volume. Simulation experiments were performed based on the operating data of a 1000 MW coal-fired power plant, with results showing that the total operating cost of the boiler and SCR was lowered.

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Internal stability and loop-transformations: an overview on LFTs, Möbius transforms and chain scattering

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2017年第1期50卷 7547-7553页

作者： Szabó Z. Seiler P. Bokor J. Institute for Computer Science and Control Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hungary Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics University of Minnesota 107 Akerman Hall 110 Union St SE Minneapolis MN 55455 United States Institute for Computer Science and Control Hungarian Academy of Sciences MTA-BME Control Engineering Research Group Hungary

In robust control problems it is often convenient to consider maps between controller sets that are defined by Möbius transformations. Moreover, these loop-transformations are also intimately related to different factorizations, that simplify the structure of the problem. Starting from a fundamental observation that relates internal stability of the control loops to mere stability of a specific LFT, the paper provides an exhaustive answer to the question under which conditions the internal stability of a control loop is preserved by performing a loop-transformation. As a main result it is shown that Möbius transformations defined by unimodular matrices preserves the internal stability of the loop and an explicit formula is also given that relates the two loops. This result is formulated in a general context that includes LTV or LPV systems as well. The paper also provides an overview on the different transformation techniques, as Möbius transformations, LFTs, different generalized chain scattering (CSD) transforms, and their interrelations. This knowledge gives a solid basis for those approaches that use an input-output framework in combination with the IQC analysis and synthesis techniques in the solution of linear parameter varying (LPV) design problems. © 2017

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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

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Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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A Spiking Neural Network with Visible Light Communications

A Spiking Neural Network with Visible Light Communications

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International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, CNSDSP

作者： Mircea Hulea Zabih Ghassemlooy Sujan Rajbhandari Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi Iasi Romania Optical Communications Research Group Northumbria University Newcastle UK Institute for Future Transport and Cities Coventry University UK

Spiking neural networks benefit from the real-time response when implemented using the analogue hardware since each electronic neuron operates independently from each other. The main problem of such neural networks is when the neural areas are non-static and are at a significant distance from each other. One solution to solve this problem is to use wireless based connectivity with parallel information transmission capability between neurons. This work presents the design and implementation of an all-optical synapse, based on the wavelength division multiplexed visible light communications between neurons, which has been adopted to overcome the problem of real-time weights adjustment. The results showed that by direct conversion of the electronic spikes into optical pulses, the spiking neurons are able to communicate through the optical channel with very low influence on the neural network normal spiking activity.

关键词： Neurons Optical filters Optical receivers Synapses Optical pulses Optical amplifiers Stimulated emission

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Hybrid optimal theory and predictive control for power management in hybrid electric vehicle

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Uthaichana, Kasemsak DeCarlo, Raymond Bengea, Sorin Žefran, Miloš Pekarek, Steve Department of Electrical Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States Control Systems Group Research Center United Technologies East HartfordCT United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIL United States

This paper presents a nonlinear-model based hybrid optimal control technique to compute a suboptimal power-split strategy for power/energy management in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). The power-split strategy is obtained as model predictive control solution to the power management control problem (PMCP) of the PHEV, i.e., to decide upon the power distribution among the internal combustion engine, an electric drive, and other subsystems. A hierarchical control structure of the hybrid vehicle, i.e., supervisory level and local or subsystem level is assumed in this study. The PMCP consists of a dynamical nonlinear model, and a performance index, both of which are formulated for power flows at the supervisory level. The model is described as a bi-modal switched system, consistent with the operating mode of the electric ED. The performance index prescribing the desired behavior penalizes vehicle tracking errors, fuel consumption, and frictional losses, as well as sustaining the battery state of charge (SOC). The power-split strategy is obtained by first creating the embedded optimal control problem (EOCP) from the original bi-modal switched system model with the performance index. Direct collocation is applied to transform the problem into a nonlinear programming problem. A nonlinear predictive control technique (NMPC) in conjunction with a sequential quadratic programming solver is used to compute suboptimal numerical solutions to the PMCP. Methods for approximating the numerical solution to the EOCP with trajectories of the original bi-modal PHEV are also presented in this paper. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated via simulation results on several case studies. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nonlinear systems

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Nonlinear optimal control for ship propulsion with the use of an induction motor and a drivetrain 5

Nonlinear optimal control for ship propulsion with the use o...

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5th International Conference of engineering Against Failure, ICEAF-V 2018

作者： Rigatos, Gerasimos Busawon, Krishna Serpanos, Dimitrios Siadimas, Vasilios Siano, Pierluigi Abbaszadeh, Masoud Unit of Industrial Automation Industrial Systems Institute Rion Patras26504 Greece Nonlinear Control Group University of Northumbria NewcastleNE1 8ST United Kingdom Industrial Systems Institute RC Athena Rion Patras26504 Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Patras Rion Patras26504 Greece Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno Fisciano84084 Italy GE Global Research General Elecric NiskayunaNY12309 United States

A nonlinear optimal (H-infinity) control method is proposed for an electric ship's propulsion system that consists of an induction motor, a drivetrain and a propeller. The control method relies on approximate linearization of the propulsion system's dynamic model using Taylor-series expansion and on the computation of the state-space description's Jacobian matrices. The linearization takes place around a temporary equilibrium which is recomputed at each time-step of the control method. For the approximately linearized model of the ship's propulsion system, an H-infinity (optimal) feedback controller is developed. For the computation of the controller's gains an algebraic Riccati equation is solved at each iteration of the control *** stability properties of the control method are proven through Lyapunov analysis, © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018.

关键词： Linearization

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Condition monitoring for the quadruple water tank system using H-infinity Kalman Filtering 5

Condition monitoring for the quadruple water tank system usi...

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5th International Conference of engineering Against Failure, ICEAF-V 2018

作者： Rigatos, Gerasimos Serpanos, Dimitrios Siadimas, Vasilios Busawon, Krishna Gao, Zhiwei Siano, Pierluigi Abbaszadeh, Masoud Unit of Industrial Automation Industrial Systems Institute Rion Patras26504 Greece Industrial Systems Institute RC Athena Rion Patras26504 Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Patras Rion Patras26504 Greece Nonlinear Control Group University of Northumbria NewcastleNE1 8ST United Kingdom Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno Fisciano84084 Italy GE Global Research General Elecric NiskayunaNY12309 United States

The problem of statistical fault diagnosis for the quadruple watertanks system is examined. The solution of the fault diagnosis problem for the dynamic model of the four-water tanks system is a non-trivial case, due to nonlinearities and the system's multivariable structure. In the article's approach, the system's dynamic model undergoes first approximate linearization around a temporary operating point which is recomputed at each sampling period. The linearization procedure relies on Taylor series expansion and on the computation of the Jacobian matrices of the state-space description of the system. The H-infinity Kalman Filter is used as a robust state estimator for the approximately linearized model of the quadruple water tanks system. By comparing the outputs of the H-infinity Kalman Filter against the outputs measured from the real water tanks system the residuals sequence is generated. It is concluded that the sum of the squares of the residuals' vectors, being weighted by the inverse of the associated covariance matrix, stands for a stochastic variable that follows the χ2 distribution. As a consequence, a statistical method for condition monitoring of the quadruple water tanks system is drawn, by using the properties of the χ2 distribution and the related confidence intervals. Actually, normal functioning can be ensured as long as the value of the aforementioned stochastic variable stays within the previously noted confidence intervals. On the other side, one can infer the malfunctioning of the quadruple water tanks system with a high level of certainty (e.g. of the order of 96% to 98%), when these confidence intervals are exceeded. The article's method allows also for fault isolation, that is for identifying the specific component of the quadruple water tanks system that has been subject to fault or cyber-attack. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018.

关键词： Water tanks

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computer aided environmental analysis of a large-scale production of chitosan micro-beads modified with thiourea and magnetite

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2019年第1期519卷

作者： F Bertel G Cogollo S Meramo-Hurtado A González-Delgado Nanomaterials and Computer Aided Process Engineering Research Group (NIPAC) Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering University of Cartagena Av. Del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152 Cartagena Colombia. Engineering PhD. Program University of Cartagena Av. Del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152 Cartagena Colombia.

In this work, environmental assessment of a large-scale production of chitosan micro-beads modified with thiourea and magnetite was performed using Waste Reduction Algorithm (WAR). This methodology evaluates eight impact categories, four toxicological and four atmospherics. Initially, the simulation of production process of micro-beads was realized. Then, WAR GUI software, which is based on WAR algorithm, was employed to quantify potential environmental impacts (PEI) generation and output rate for this process under 4 different cases. The synthesis of micro-beads was analysed using computer-aided process engineering, this is related to the fact that there is no bibliography reported for the industrial scale-up, simulation and environmental evaluation of this type of process Results shows that photochemical oxidation potential is the evaluated category which emits the biggest output rate of PEI, contributing in all cases with more than 49% of the total rate. In general terms, the process has a negative generated PEI which means that the process has a convenient environmental performance. This leads to the conclusion that the process is environmentally beneficial because it consumes environmental impacts.

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